Editing Tristan da Cunha (section)

==Economy==
The island has a unique social and economic structure in which all resident families farm and all land is communally owned. Outsiders are prohibited from buying land or settling on Tristan. Besides subsistence agriculture, major industries are commercial fishing and government. Major export industries are the [[Tristan rock lobster]] (''[[Jasus]]'') fishery, the sale of the island's [[postage stamp]]s and coins, and limited tourism.<ref>{{cite web |title=Economy of Tristan da Cunha |collaboration=Tristan da Cunha Government and the Tristan da Cunha Association |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.tristandc.com/economy.php |publisher=Tristan da Cunha Government and the Tristan da Cunha Association |access-date=12 March 2008 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526063333/http://www.tristandc.com/economy.php |archive-date=26 May 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Like most [[British Overseas Territories]], it was never a part of the [[European Union]], but was a member of the EU's [[Overseas Countries and Territories Association]].<ref>{{cite web |title=OCTA Presentation |website=octassociation.org |url=http://www.octassociation.org/octa-presentation |url-status=dead |access-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027003853/http://www.octassociation.org/octa-presentation |archive-date=27 October 2017}}</ref>

The [[Bank of Saint Helena]] was established on Saint Helena and [[Ascension Island]] in 2004. This bank does not have a physical presence on Tristan da Cunha, but residents of Tristan are entitled to its services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sainthelenabank.com/tristan.htm |title=The Bank of Saint Helena |publisher=Sainthelenabank.com |access-date=18 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715225453/http://www.sainthelenabank.com/tristan.htm |archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> Although Tristan da Cunha is part of the same overseas territory as Saint Helena, it does not use the local [[Saint Helena pound]]; [[Pound sterling|sterling]] is used directly instead.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tristan da Cunha Coins |publisher=The Tristan da Cunha Website |url=http://www.tristandc.com/coins.php |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-date=8 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208235056/http://www.tristandc.com/coins.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Transport===
[[File:Edinburgh of the Seven Seas map.svg|thumb|200px|Map of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas]]
The remote location of the islands makes transport to the outside world difficult. Tristan da Cunha has no [[airstrip]] and is not generally accessible to air travel, though the wider territory is served by [[Saint Helena Airport]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sainthelenaisland.info/buildingsthelenaairport.htm |title=Building St.&nbsp;Helena Airport |access-date=14 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014183517/http://sainthelenaisland.info/buildingsthelenaairport.htm |archive-date=14 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=St.&nbsp;Helena: Flights to remote Atlantic island begin at last |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41620003 |access-date=14 October 2017 |publisher=BBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014074202/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41620003 |archive-date=14 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[RAF Ascension Island]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ascension-flights.com/ascension-flights-schedule.htm |title=Ascension Island Travel Company |access-date=26 November 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126010227/http://www.ascension-flights.com/ascension-flights-schedule.htm |archive-date=26 November 2015}}</ref> Fishing boats from South Africa provide transport service to the islands eight or nine times per year.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}

The [[RMS St Helena (1989)|RMS ''St Helena'']] used to connect the main island to St&nbsp;Helena and South Africa once each year during its January voyage, but has done so only a few times in the last years – in 2006, in 2011,<ref name="howstuffworks.com">{{cite web |url=http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/most-remote-place1.htm |last=Winkler |first=Sarah |title=Where is the Most Remote Spot on Earth? Tristan da Cunha: The World's Most Remote Inhabited Island |website=[[How Stuff Works]] |access-date=28 December 2018 |date=25 August 2009 |archive-date=27 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927152003/http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/most-remote-place1.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> and most recently in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tristandc.com/news-2018-01-06-RMS-St-Helena.php |title=Last Voyage to Tristan by the RMS St Helena |first1=Dawn |last1=Repetto |first2=Sean |last2=Burns |website=www.tristandc.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522031540/https://www.tristandc.com/news-2018-01-06-RMS-St-Helena.php |url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year the RMS ''St Helena'' was withdrawn from service. Three ships, the MV ''Lance'', the MFV ''Edinburgh'', and the [[S. A. Agulhas II|SA ''Agulhas II'']], regularly service Tristan da Cunha from Cape Town, with typically fewer than a dozen visits a year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tristandc.com/ships.php |title=Tristan da Cunha Regular Ships |first=Richard |last=Grundy |website=www.tristandc.com |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305213914/https://www.tristandc.com/ships.php |url-status=live}}</ref> Other vessels may occasionally visit the island.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tristandc.com/cruises.php |title=Tristan da Cunha Cruise Ships |first=Richard |last=Grundy |website=www.tristandc.com |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131041632/https://www.tristandc.com/cruises.php |url-status=live}}</ref> The harbour at [[Edinburgh of the Seven Seas]] is called Calshot Harbour, named after [[Calshot|the place in Hampshire]], England, where the islanders temporarily stayed during the 1961–1963 [[Queen Mary's Peak]] volcanic eruption.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tristandc.com/harbour.php |title=Tristan da Cunha's Calshot Harbour |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512013938/http://www.tristandc.com/harbour.php |archive-date=12 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
Unlike Saint Helena with its airport, hotels, and restaurants, due to its remoteness, Tristan da Cunha has a very small tourism industry. As the island can only be reached from Cape Town in rough seas on vessels with limited vacancies, a trip must be planned months in advance, and only after a visit request is approved by the [[Tristan da Cunha Island Council|Island Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tristandc.com/visitsorganise.php |title=Tristan da Cunha Organising a Visit |first=Richard |last=Grundy |website=www.tristandc.com |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131040605/https://www.tristandc.com/visitsorganise.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

Occasional boats or cruises may include a short visit to the island in their itinerary, but as there is no deep harbour, setting ashore is highly dependent on the maritime conditions. All visitors staying on Tristan must have a confirmed and fully paid return ticket, health insurance to include cover in case of medical evacuation to Cape Town, and sufficient funds to cover their entire stay. There are no hotels on the island. A visitor can rent a guest house (catered or self-catering) or stay in a private home on a full-board basis. There is a Tourism Post Office that sells souvenirs that might take months to arrive if ordered online.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tristandc.com/po/order-payment.php |title=Order and Payment Details for Tristan da Cunha Stamps |first=Peter |last=Millington |website=www.tristandc.com |access-date=31 January 2024 |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131040849/https://www.tristandc.com/po/order-payment.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Tristan Government, along with the Tristan Association, set up a public website by 2005. The website has many pages, which include an online shop, a list of recent news about and on the island, and a simple online tour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Millington |first=Peter |title=Tristan da Cunha Website |url=https://www.tristandc.com/index.php |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=www.tristandc.com |archive-date=8 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208140121/https://www.tristandc.com/index.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Communications{{anchor|Telecommunication}}===
==== Telecommunication ====

The [[ITU]] has assigned telephone country code [[Telephone numbers in Saint Helena and Tristan da Cunha|+290]] for Tristan da Cunha;<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Recommendation ITU-T E.164 Assigned Country Codes |url=https://www.itu.int/pub/T-SP-E.164D-2016 |publisher=International Telecommunication Union |access-date=27 March 2021 |date=15 December 2016 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816222943/https://www.itu.int/pub/T-SP-E.164D-2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> however, residents have access to the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] Telecommunications Network, provided by [[Global Crossing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/global-crossing-extends-fco-network-to-tristan-da-cunha--518367 |title=Global Crossing extends FCO network to Tristan da Cunha |publisher=Telecom Paper |date=22 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728182558/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/global-crossing-extends-fco-network-to-tristan-da-cunha--518367 |archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref> This service uses a [[London]] 020 numbering range, meaning that numbers are accessed via the [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom|UK telephone numbering plan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukota.org/tristan_da_cunha.asp?id=6&portal=OT |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130616102746/http://www.ukota.org/tristan_da_cunha.asp?id=6&portal=OT |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=Tristan Da Cunha Contact Information}}</ref> Satellite-delivered internet access arrived in Tristan da Cunha in 1998, but its high cost initially made it almost unaffordable for the local population, who primarily used it only to send e‑mail.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tristantimes.com/art_1822_56_3.html |title=Telecommunications expert sets the record straight: Internet access is too expensive for Tristan da Cunha |work=Tristan da Cunha News |date=11 August 2005 |access-date=28 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204172203/http://www.tristantimes.com/art_1822_56_3.html |archive-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The connection was also extremely unreliable, connecting through a 64&nbsp;kbit/s satellite phone connection provided by [[Inmarsat]].{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} On 16 September 2024, satellite internet via [[Starlink|StarLink]] was made available on the island, offering much higher speeds than previously available.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grundy |first=Richard |title=Tristan web-access Starlink update |url=https://www.tristandc.com/government/news-2024-09-22-starlink.php |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=www.tristandc.com}}</ref>

Since 2006, a [[very-small-aperture terminal]] has provided bandwidth for government purposes that is also made available via an internet café and (after office hours) via Wi-Fi to island homes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tristandc.com/newscommunications.php |title=Tristan da Cunha communications news |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150720232810/http://www.tristandc.com/newscommunications.php |archive-date=20 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2016}}, there is not yet any mobile telephone coverage on the islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tristandc.com/infrastructure.php |title=Tristan da Cunha's Development and Public Works |publisher=Tristan da Cunha Government & Tristan da Cunha Association |date=6 October 2016 |access-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430170413/http://www.tristandc.com/infrastructure.php |archive-date=30 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Government and Tristan da Cunha Association<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tristandc.com/association.php |title=Tristan da Cunha Association |first=Richard |last=Grundy |website=www.tristandc.com |access-date=28 April 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602225643/https://www.tristandc.com/association.php |url-status=live}}</ref> jointly run the island official website<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tristandc.com/index.php |title=Tristan da Cunha Website |first=Peter |last=Millington |website=www.tristandc.com |access-date=28 April 2021 |archive-date=9 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509112232/https://tristandc.com/index.php |url-status=live}}</ref> with all practical information, news, and facts about the island. While the site is updated from mainland UK,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grundy |first=Richard |title=About tristandc.com |url=https://www.tristandc.com/about.php |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=www.tristandc.com |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515015528/https://www.tristandc.com/about.php |url-status=live}}</ref> due to slow internet, the photos taken and uploaded from Tristan da Cunha are all in low resolution, which allows online navigation in the territory with acceptable speed.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}

====Amateur radio====
[[Amateur radio]] operator groups sometimes conduct [[DX-pedition]]s on the island. One group operated as station ZD9ZS in September–October&nbsp;2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dxnews.com/zd9zs_tristan-da-cunha/ |website=DX News |title=ZD9ZS Tristan da Cunha Island |date=9 September 2016 |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105201053/https://dxnews.com/zd9zs_tristan-da-cunha/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://dx-world.net/zd9zs-tristan-da-cunha/ |website=DX-World |title=ZD9ZS – Tristan da Cunha |date=22 August 2014 |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190105201145/https://dx-world.net/zd9zs-tristan-da-cunha/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.g3txf.com/dxtrip/ZD9XF/ZD9.html |website=G3TXF |title=ZD9XF-ZD9ZS Sep 2014: Tristan da Cunha |date=9 September 2016 |access-date=5 January 2019 |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016032130/http://www.g3txf.com/dxtrip/ZD9XF/ZD9.html |url-status=live}}</ref>