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=== Works cited === {{Refbegin|30em}} * [[Stephen Alexis|Alexis, Stephen]]. 1949. ''Black Liberator: The Life of Toussaint Louverture''. London: [[Ernest Benn]]. * [[Beaubrun Ardouin|Ardouin, Beaubrun]]. 1958. ''Études sur l'Histoire d'Haïti.'' Port-au-Prince: Dalencour. * [[John Relly Beard|Beard, John Relly]]. 1853. ''The Life of Toussaint L'Ouverture: The Negro Patriot of Hayti''. {{ISBN|1587420104}} * — [1863] 2001. ''[https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/beard63/beard63.html Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography and Autobiography]'' (online ed.). Boston: [[James Redpath]]. – Consists of the earlier "Life", supplemented by an autobiography of Toussaint written by himself. * {{cite book|author=[[Madison Smartt Bell|Bell, Madison Smartt]]|title=Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography|location=New York|publisher=[[Vintage Books]]|year=2008|orig-year=2007|isbn=978-1400079353|ref=Bell}} * {{cite book|last=Blackburn|first=Robin|date=2011|title=The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery 1776–1848|location= |publisher=[[Verso Books]]|isbn=978-1844674756|ref=Blackburn}} * de Cauna, Jacques. 2004. ''Toussaint L'Ouverture et l'indépendance d'Haïti. Témoignages pour une commémoration''. Paris: Ed. Karthala. * [[Aimé Césaire|Cesaire, Aimé]]. 1981. ''Toussaint L'Ouverture''. Paris: [[Présence Africaine]]. {{ISBN|2708703978}}. * Davis, David Brion. 31 May 2007. "He changed the New World." ''[[The New York Review of Books]].'' pp. 54–58 – Review of M. S. Bell's ''Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography''. * [[Laurent Dubois|Dubois, Laurent]], and John D. Garrigus. 2006. ''Slave Revolution in the Caribbean, 1789–1804: A Brief History with Documents''. [[St. Martin's Press]]. {{ISBN|031241501X}}. * DuPuy, Alex. 1989. ''Haiti in the World Economy: Class, Race, and Underdevelopment since 1700''. [[Westview Press]]. {{ISBN|0813373484}}. * [[Ada Ferrer|Ferrer, Ada]]. 2014. ''Freedom's Mirror: Cuba and Haiti in the Age of Revolutions''. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-1107697782}} * Foix, Alain. 2007. ''Toussaint L'Ouverture''. Paris: [[Éditions Gallimard]]. * — 2008. ''Noir de Toussaint L'Ouverture à Barack Obama''. Paris: Ed. Galaade. * Forsdick, Charles, and Christian Høgsbjerg, eds. 2017. ''The Black Jacobins Reader''. Durham, NC: [[Duke University Press]]. * — 2017. ''Toussaint Louverture: A Black Jacobin in the Age of Revolutions''. London: [[Pluto Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0745335148}}. * Geggus, David, ed. 2002. ''Haitian Revolutionary Studies.'' Bloomington, IN: [[Indiana University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0253341044}}. * Girard, Philippe. 2009. "Black Talleyrand: Toussaint L'Ouverture's Secret Diplomacy with England and the United States". ''[[William and Mary Quarterly]]'' 66(1):87–124. * — 2009. "Napoléon Bonaparte and the Emancipation Issue in Saint-Domingue, 1799–1803". ''[[French Historical Studies]]'' 32(4):587–618. * — 2011. ''The Slaves who Defeated Napoléon: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804''. [[University of Alabama Press]]. {{ISBN|0817317325}}. * — 2012. "Jean-Jacques Dessalines and the Atlantic System: A Reappraisal". ''William and Mary Quarterly''. * — 2016. ''Toussaint Louverture: A Revolutionary Life''. New York: [[Basic Books]]. * Graham, Harry. 1913. "[https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview153londuoft#page/86/mode/2up The Napoleon of San Domingo"], ''[[The Dublin Review]]'' 153:87–110. * Heinl, Robert, and Nancy Heinl. 1978. ''Written in Blood: The story of the Haitian people, 1492–1971''. [[Houghton Mifflin]]. {{ISBN|0395263050}}. * Hunt, Alfred N. 1988. ''Haiti's Influence on Antebellum America: Slumbering Volcano in the Caribbean''. [[Louisiana State University Press]]. {{ISBN|0807131970}}. * [[C. L. R. James|James, C. L. R.]] [1934] 2013. ''Toussaint L'Ouverture: The story of the only successful slave revolt in history: A Play in Three Acts''. [[Duke University Press]]. * — [1963] 2001. ''[[The Black Jacobins|The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution]]''. Penguin Books. {{ISBN|0140299815}}. * Johnson, Ronald Angelo. 2014. ''Diplomacy in Black and White: John Adams, Toussaint Louverture, and Their Atlantic World Alliance.'' Athens, GA: [[University of Georgia Press]]. * Joseph, Celucien L. 2012. ''Race, Religion, and The Haitian Revolution: Essays on Faith, Freedom, and Decolonization''. [[CreateSpace Independent Publishing]]. * — 2013. ''From Toussaint to Price-Mars: Rhetoric, Race, and Religion in Haitian Thought''. CreateSpace Independent Publishing. * [[Ralph Korngold|Korngold, Ralph]]. [1944] 1979. ''Citizen Toussaint''. [[Greenwood Press]]. {{ISBN|0313207941}}. * de Lacroix, F. J. Pamphile. [1819] 1995. ''La révolution d'Haïti''. * Norton, Graham Gendall. April 2003. "Toussaint L'Ouverture." ''[[History Today]]''. * Ott, Thomas. 1973. ''The Haitian Revolution: 1789–1804.'' Knoxville: [[University of Tennessee Press]]. {{ISBN|0870495453}} * Parkinson, Wenda. 1978. ''{{'}}This Gilded African': Toussaint L'Ouverture''. Quartet Books. * [[Junius P. Rodriguez|Rodriguez, Junius P.]], ed. 2006. ''Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion''. Westport, CT: [[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood]]. {{ISBN|0313332711}}. * Ros, Martin. [1991] 1994. ''The Night of Fire: The Black Napoleon and the Battle for Haiti'' (in Dutch). New York; Sarpedon. {{ISBN|0962761370}}. * [[Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.|Schlesinger Jr., Arthur M.]] ''World leaders, past & present – Toussaint L'ouverture''. * [[Victor Schœlcher|Schœlcher, Victor]]. 1889. ''Vie de Toussaint-L'Ouverture''. * [[Arthur Stinchcombe|Stinchcombe, Arthur L.]] 1995. ''Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment: The Political Economy of the Caribbean World''. [[Princeton University Press]]. {{ISBN|1400807778}} * ''The Collective Works of Yves''. {{ISBN|1401083080}} ** Book I explains Haiti's past to be recognized. ** Book 2 culminates Haiti's scared present day epic history. * [[Ian Thomson (writer)|Thomson, Ian]]. 1992. ''Bonjour Blanc: A Journey Through Haiti''. London. {{ISBN|0099452154}}. * L'Ouverture, Toussaint. 2008. ''The Haitian Revolution'', with an introduction by [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide|J. Aristide]]. New York: Verso – A collection of L'Ouverture's writings and speeches. {{ISBN|1844672611}}. * Tyson, George F., ed. 1973. ''Great Lives Considered: Toussaint L'Ouverture''. [[Prentice Hall]]. {{ISBN|013925529X}} – A compilation, includes some of Toussaint's writings. * {{cite book|last=James|first=Stephen|date=1814|title=The History of Toussaint Louverture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xw8FAAAAYAAJ|publisher=J. Butterworth and Son|ref=James}} * {{cite book|last1=Forsdick|first1=Charles|first2=Christian|last2=Høgsbjerg|date=2017|title=Toussaint Louverture: A Black Jacobin in the Age of Revolutions|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1pv89b9.6|publisher=Pluto Press|jstor=j.ctt1pv89b9.6|isbn=978-0745335148|ref=Forsdick}} {{refend}}
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