Editing Tonya Harding (section)

==Cultural effects==
Harding's life, career, and role in the 1994 attack have been widely referenced in popular culture, including a 2007 [[Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008|primary campaign]] speech by then-Democratic Presidential nominee [[Barack Obama]], in which he said, "Folks said there's no way Obama has a chance unless he goes and kneecaps the person ahead of us, does a Tonya Harding."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/deadlineusa/2009/mar/04/tonya-harding-barack-obama-name-kneecap|work=[[The Guardian]]|title=Tonya Harding bitter & thankful over Obama's 'kneecap' comment|date=March 4, 2009|access-date=May 25, 2010|first=Paul|last=Lester|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906075711/http://www.theguardian.com/world/deadlineusa/2009/mar/04/tonya-harding-barack-obama-name-kneecap|archive-date=September 6, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014, Matt Harkins and Viviana Olen created the Nancy Kerrigan and Tonya Harding Museum in their [[Brooklyn]] apartment, collecting and archiving memorabilia related to Nancy Kerrigan and Harding.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2015/04/19/400736119/like-dynasty-on-ice-the-nancy-kerrigan-and-tonya-harding-museum|title=Like 'Dynasty' On Ice: Nancy Kerrigan & Tonya Harding Museum|newspaper=NPR|date=April 19, 2015|access-date=December 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211182710/http://www.npr.org/2015/04/19/400736119/like-dynasty-on-ice-the-nancy-kerrigan-and-tonya-harding-museum/|archive-date=February 11, 2017|url-status=live|last1=Ritchie|first1=L. Carol}}</ref> A contemporaneous ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' article noted that Harding had developed a "[[cult following]]" through the years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/fashion-runway-i-tonya-costumes-90s-fashion|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|title=I, Tonya's Costume Designer on Why She Didn't Want to Take a Cheap Shot at '90s Fashion|first=Brooke|last=Bobb|date=December 8, 2017|access-date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205000726/https://www.vogue.com/article/fashion-runway-i-tonya-costumes-90s-fashion|archive-date=February 5, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Representation in other media ===
* ''Sharp Edges'' (1986), Sandra Luckow's senior-thesis project for her [[film studies]] major. Luckow was Harding's childhood friend, and the documentary followed Harding and her coaches to [[Uniondale, New York]] as she competed in the February [[1986 U.S. Figure Skating Championships]]. The film featured interviews with Harding, her mother, and coaches.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|author-link=Owen Gleiberman|title=Film Review: The 1986 Tonya Harding Documentary 'Sharp Edges'|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/film-review-sharp-edges-tonya-harding-1986-1202865442/|access-date=August 12, 2018|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=July 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812114730/https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/film-review-sharp-edges-tonya-harding-1986-1202865442/|archive-date=August 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Spunk: The Tonya Harding Story'' (1994), [[Comedy Central]] five-minute [[short film]] [[parody]] summarizing the scandal, estimated to have aired on February 25, 1994. [[Tina Yothers]] portrayed Harding.
* [[Tonya and Nancy: The Inside Story|''Tonya & Nancy: The Inside Story'' (1994)]], NBC TV film based on [[public domain]] material, premiered on April 30, 1994; written by previous [[Edgar Award]] winner Phil Penningroth. [[Alexandra Powers]] portrayed Harding and [[Heather Langenkamp]] portrayed Nancy Kerrigan. It featured [[fourth wall]]-breaking by having [[Dennis Boutsikaris]] play the film's screenwriter: "We imprisoned [Tonya and Nancy] in images we use to sell newspapers, soup, and TV movies. They're victims of those that the media serve."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/1994/tv/reviews/tonya-nancy-the-inside-story-1200436535/|title=Tonya & Nancy: The Inside Story|last=Loynd|first=Ray|date=April 29, 1994|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=September 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204182406/https://variety.com/1994/tv/reviews/tonya-nancy-the-inside-story-1200436535/|archive-date=February 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Attack of the 5 Ft. 2 In. Women|''National Lampoon's Attack of the 5'2" Women'' (1994)]],<ref name="Julie Brown">{{cite AV media|author=Brown, Julie |author-link=Julie Brown|year=2014|title=National Lampoon's Attack of the 5 Ft. 2 In. Women (1994)|url=https://vimeo.com/channels/812146/104201718|access-date=July 18, 2018|publisher=Imagination Productions|via=Vimeo}}</ref> a [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] TV film, released on August 21, 1994; directed by the [[Writers Guild of America Award|U.S. Writers Guild Award]]-winning comedian [[Julie Brown]]. Brown spoofed Harding by portraying her in "Tonya: The Battle of Wounded Knee," which Brown also wrote. Her original song, "Queen of the Ice," was nominated for a [[CableACE Award]].
* ''[[In Living Color]]'' (1994 [[sketch comedy|sketches]]), Carol Rosenthal portrayed Harding in "Tonya Harding for The Club"; aired on February 3.
* "[[The Understudy (Seinfeld)|The Understudy]]": 1995 ''[[Seinfeld]]'' episode, alluded to Harding with [[Jerry Seinfeld (character)|Jerry Seinfeld]]'s Broadway performer girlfriend. She has a problem with her boot laces (as Harding encountered in the Olympics). Jerry's girlfriend performed because the lead actress had an injury supposedly caused by hitman, [[George Costanza]]; originally aired on May 18, 1995.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZOPQ-eh6z0C&pg=PA180|title=Seinfeld, Master of Its Domain|access-date=April 9, 2009|first1=David|last1=Lavery|first2=Sara L.|last2=Dunne|date=2006|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|location=New York City|isbn=9780826418036|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705063130/http://books.google.com/books?id=8ZOPQ-eh6z0C&pg=PA180|archive-date=July 5, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Harding and her role in the 1994 scandal were referenced in several songs, including "[[Headline News ("Weird Al" Yankovic song)|Headline News]]" by [["Weird Al" Yankovic]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-02-9708020024-story.html|title=Yankovic Still Weird, Still a Master of Parody|date=August 2, 1997|first=Lou|last=Carlozo|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=April 9, 2020}}</ref> "Queen of the Ice" by [[Julie Brown]];<ref name="Julie Brown"/> "Breakin' Knees Is Hard to Do" by [[Capitol Steps]];<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/13/weekinreview/word-for-word-musical-sendups-stop-name-parody-supremes-uphold-tradition.html|title=Musical Sendups; Stop, in the Name of Parody!|date=March 13, 1994|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718083911/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/13/weekinreview/word-for-word-musical-sendups-stop-name-parody-supremes-uphold-tradition.html|archive-date=July 18, 2018}}</ref> "5 Fingas of Death" by [[Diamond D]]; "Tonya's Twirls" by [[Loudon Wainwright III]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lwiii.com/itinerary.php?section=concertreports&id=8|title=January 19, 1996 (Early Show) The Bottom Line, NYC|website=Loudon Wainwright III|access-date=July 21, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928083237/http://www.lwiii.com/itinerary.php?section=concertreports&id=8|archive-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref> "Aunt Dot" by [[Lil' Kim]]; "[[Strange Clouds (song)|Strange Clouds]]" by [[B.o.B]]; "Put Some Keys On That" by [[Lil Wayne]];<ref name="rap">{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/nancy-kerrigan-versus-tonya-harding-a-beef-timeline/|work=Noisey|publisher=Vice|title=Tonya Harding : A Rap History|author=Solomon, Dan|date=February 12, 2012|access-date=February 5, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184551/https://noisey.vice.com/en_ca/article/bry8w6/nancy-kerrigan-versus-tonya-harding-a-beef-timeline|archive-date=February 5, 2018}}</ref> "[[Tonya Harding (song)|Tonya Harding]]" by [[Sufjan Stevens]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/sufjan-releases-new-song-tonya-harding-listen/ |title=Sufjan Releases New Song 'Tonya Harding' |last=Monroe |first=Jazz |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |date=December 6, 2017 |access-date=December 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210232221/https://pitchfork.com/news/sufjan-releases-new-song-tonya-harding-listen/ |archive-date=December 10, 2017}}</ref> "Stay Frosty Royal Milk Tea" by [[Fall Out Boy]];<ref>{{cite web |url=https://genius.com/Fall-out-boy-stay-frosty-royal-milk-tea-lyrics |title=Fall Out Boy – Stay Frosty Royal Milk Tea |website=genius.com |access-date=January 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125220/https://genius.com/Fall-out-boy-stay-frosty-royal-milk-tea-lyrics |archive-date=January 22, 2018}}</ref> "Tonya" by [[Brockhampton (band)|Brockhampton]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://genius.com/Brockhampton-tonya-lyrics|title=Tonya; Brockhampton; lyrics|access-date=July 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720051930/https://genius.com/Brockhampton-tonya-lyrics|archive-date=July 20, 2018}}</ref> and "If Self-Destruction was an Olympic Event, I'd be Tonya Harding" by [[Suicideboys]]<ref>{{cite web| title=$uicideboy$| website=theWestNews.com| date=August 13, 2021| url=https://thewestnews.com/uicideboy-if-self-destruction-was-an-olympic-event-id-be-tonya-harding-lyrics/44563| access-date=October 11, 2021| archive-date=October 11, 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011064744/https://thewestnews.com/uicideboy-if-self-destruction-was-an-olympic-event-id-be-tonya-harding-lyrics/44563| url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ''Tonya & Nancy: The Rock Opera'' (2006), playwright [[Elizabeth Searle]] collaborated with composer Abigail Al-Doory in May 2006 to create a chamber opera, directed by Meron Langsner. The dark comedy premiered in [[Portland, Oregon]] in 2008. It was also produced in Los Angeles, New York and Chicago. Searle said that she thought elements of the 1994 scandal reflected "life in America," and that she hoped the show would convey public sympathy towards Kerrigan, Gillooly, and Harding.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/other-sports/no-escape-from-past-for-harding/|title=No escape from past for Harding|date=December 22, 2007|last=Mellinger|first=Sam|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|access-date=August 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075838/https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/other-sports/no-escape-from-past-for-harding/|archive-date=August 13, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/01/13/qa_with_elizabeth_searle/?page=1|title=Q&A with Elizabeth Searle|date=January 13, 2008|last=Kennedy|first=Pagan|work=[[Boston Globe]]|access-date=August 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813080340/http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/01/13/qa_with_elizabeth_searle/?page=1|archive-date=August 13, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[House (TV series)|House]] (2007): in episode 5 of season 4, [[Mirror Mirror (House)|Mirror, Mirror]], in a conversation between [[Dr Gregory House]] and Dr Travis Brennan, Dr House references Dr [[Amber Volakis]] as “Tonya Harding”, presumably in reference to her ambition to succeed. 
* ''The Price of Gold'' (2014) documentary directed by [[Nanette Burstein]], part of [[ESPN]]'s ''[[30 for 30]]'' series, aired on January 16, 2014. It explored some specifics of the 1994 criminal investigation. Kerrigan could not be interviewed for the film because of her contractual obligation to NBC's ''Nancy & Tonya'' (2014) documentary. Burstein said her film was "predominantly about Tonya".<ref name="Weber">{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/guide/article/2018/01/17/director-nanette-burstein-her-tonya-harding-documentary-price-gold|title=Director Nanette Burstein on her Tonya Harding documentary|last=Weber|first=Lindsey|website=SBS (Australian channel)|date=February 5, 2018|access-date=July 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712093604/https://www.sbs.com.au/guide/article/2018/01/17/director-nanette-burstein-her-tonya-harding-documentary-price-gold|archive-date=July 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Burstein later said she thought Harding was jealous of Kerrigan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://getinmedia.com/articles/film-tv-careers/director-nanette-burstein-revisits-tonya-harding-and-nancy-kerrigan-20-year|title=Director Nanette Burstein Revisits Tonya Harding & Nancy Kerrigan|last=Donnelly|first=Billy|website=Get In Media|year=2014|access-date=July 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712054008/http://getinmedia.com/articles/film-tv-careers/director-nanette-burstein-revisits-tonya-harding-and-nancy-kerrigan-20-year|archive-date=July 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and that "[Tonya] was an unreliable interview subject. A lot of things she said had to be left out because I didn't think they were truthful."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/nancy-kerrigan-tonya-harding-documentary-3036674|title=20 years on from the ice skating assault that shocked the world|date=January 19, 2014|work=Daily Mirror|access-date=July 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712054347/https://www.mirror.co.uk/lifestyle/nancy-kerrigan-tonya-harding-documentary-3036674|archive-date=July 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Nancy & Tonya'' (2014), [[NBC]] documentary narrated by Olympics correspondent [[Mary Carillo]] (former [[tennis]] professional – [[1977 French Open]] [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] Mixed Doubles winner), aired on February 23, 2014. It included interviews, brief biographies of Nancy Kerrigan & Tonya Harding, and close observations of their lives and careers before 1994.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Deitsch|first=Richard|title=Nancy Kerrigan opens up about 'the whack heard 'round the world'|url=https://www.si.com/olympics/2014/02/21/nancy-kerrigan-tonya-harding-nbc-documentary|access-date=July 12, 2018|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|date=February 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712214859/https://www.si.com/olympics/2014/02/21/nancy-kerrigan-tonya-harding-nbc-documentary|archive-date=July 12, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[I, Tonya]]'', 2017 biographical [[black comedy]] film directed by [[Craig Gillespie]] with [[Margot Robbie]] playing Harding, receiving mostly positive reviews.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-sneaks-i-tonya-screenwriter-20171105-story.html|first=Geoff|last=Berkshire|title=How 'I, Tonya' screenwriter Steven Rogers reinvented himself|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 3, 2017|access-date=August 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803104257/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-sneaks-i-tonya-screenwriter-20171105-story.html|archive-date=August 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Screenwriter [[Steven Rogers (screenwriter)|Steven Rogers]] said he neither knew nor cared about Harding's alleged part in Nancy Kerrigan's attack, that the film was really about "things we tell ourselves...how we change the [[narrative]], and then want that to be the narrative."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newsweek.com/tonya-harding-movie-steven-rogers-740186|first=Janice|last=Williams|title=Ice Skater's Life Serves as 'Cautionary Tale' says 'I, Tonya' Screenwriter|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|date=December 7, 2017|access-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804045817/https://www.newsweek.com/tonya-harding-movie-steven-rogers-740186|archive-date=August 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/i-tonya-harding-movie|title=Surreal Story of How Tonya Harding Inspired Awards Season's Scrappiest Contender|last=Miller|first=Julie|date=December 6, 2017|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207022003/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/i-tonya-harding-movie|archive-date=December 7, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Gillespie was nominated for a [[AACTA International Award for Best Direction|Best Director AACTA]]; he said he believed Harding was guilty, but debated to what degree. Gillespie also said he wanted the film to convey "why [Tonya] is the way she is."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iris.theaureview.com/interview-director-craig-gillespie-on-taking-no-prisoners-when-filming-i-tonya/|date=January 25, 2018|title=Craig Gillespie on Filming I, Tonya|last=Gray|first=Peter|website=Iris.theAUreview.com|department=The Iris|access-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804050125/http://iris.theaureview.com/interview-director-craig-gillespie-on-taking-no-prisoners-when-filming-i-tonya/|archive-date=August 4, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Allison Janney]] played Harding's mother, LaVona, and won the [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress]]. Regarding Harding's alleged role in Kerrigan's attack, Janney said "I know [Tonya was] complicit, but...I have a lot more empathy for her than I did."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/allison-janney-explains-her-terrifying-terrific-performance-in-i-tonya/|title=Allison Janney Explains Her Performance in 'I, Tonya'|first=Lisa|last=Liebman|date=December 13, 2017|magazine=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]|access-date=August 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809060914/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/zmy3wa/allison-janney-explains-her-terrifying-terrific-performance-in-i-tonya|archive-date=August 9, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Janney also said, "I think LaVona was actually a very smart woman...knowing her daughter needed to be told she couldn't do it in order to do it was LaVona's way of saying, 'I was there to inspire her.'"<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/allison-janney-i-tonya_us_59b57e05e4b0dfaafcf88937|title=Allison Janney's New Favorite Co-Star|last=Jacobs|first=Matthew|date=September 11, 2017|work=[[Huffington Post]]|access-date=August 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804075728/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/allison-janney-i-tonya_us_59b57e05e4b0dfaafcf88937|archive-date=August 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Tonya Harding,'' 2017 song by musician [[Sufjan Stevens]]. The song was submitted by Stevens for the soundtrack of I, Tonya, but it was not used.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=2017-12-09 |title='I, Tonya' Filmmakers Rejected Indie Rock Darling Sufjan Stevens' 'Tonya Harding' Song |url=https://variety.com/2017/music/news/sufjan-stevens-tonya-harding-1202635093/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> However, the song was not made specifically for the biopic, and Stevens said he had planned to write a song about Harding since 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-05 |title=Tonya Harding |url=https://asthmatickitty.com/tonya-harding/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Asthmatic Kitty Records |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Academic assessment ===
In 1995, the book ''Women on Ice: Feminist Essays on the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan Spectacle'' was published, containing numerous essays analyzing Harding's public image.{{sfn|Baughman|2013|pages=i–v}} For example, Abigail Feder wrote that there existed "[[Overdetermination|overdetermined]] [[femininity]] in Ladies' Figure Skating...femininity and [[Women's sports|athleticism]] are mutually exclusive concepts in [[Culture of the United States|American culture]]."<ref>{{cite book|first=Abigail M.|last=Feder|editor-first=Cynthia|editor-last=Baughman|date=1995|page=22|title=Women On Ice: Feminist Responses to the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan Spectacle|chapter=A Radiant Smile from the Lovely Lady – Overdetermined Femininity in 'Ladies' Figure Skating|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=Abingdon, England|isbn=9781135770686|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CemzAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT37|chapter-url-access=subscription|access-date=September 19, 2019}}</ref> Sam Stoloff wrote that, during the scandal, the media placed more emphasis on Harding's [[Working class in the United States|class]] than her gender. He noted how she was subjected to a "litany of vaguely [[pejorative]] or mocking expressions" associated with "low class" cultural attributes, sometimes due to Harding's personal interests and hobbies. Stoloff theorized that Harding represented an American social class that required interpretation ("the class [[Other (philosophy)|Other]]") as he referenced the [[Anthropology|anthropological]] tone of [[Susan Orlean]]'s 1994 essay "Figures in a Mall", written for ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stoloff|first=Sam|editor1-last=Birrell|editor1-first=Susan|editor2-last=McDonald|editor2-first=Mary G.|year=2000|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555534295/page/234 234]–250|title=Reading Sport: Critical Essays on Power and Representation|orig-year=1995|chapter=Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan, & the Bodily Figuration of Social Class|url-access=subscription|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781555534295|oclc=43036842|isbn=1555534309|publisher=Northeastern University Press|location=Boston, Massachusetts|access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Orlean" />

In writer [[Sarah Marshall (writer)|Sarah Marshall]]'s 2014 essay entitled "Remote Control: Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan, and the Spectacles of Female Power and Pain", she noted the pervasive role of the media in the 1994 scandal: "Somehow, in the scandal's aftermath, the form of the Tonya-bash was able to alchemize even the most chilling details of Tonya's life into tabloid gold." Marshall also examined the role of Harding's "[[tomboy]]" persona in the context of figure skating. She theorized that Harding was rejected by the figure skating [[ethos]] because she did not conform – as Marshall believed many figure skaters, including Nancy Kerrigan, did – to appearing as "beautiful without being sexual, strong without being intimidating, and vulnerable without being weak."<ref name= believermag.com>{{cite magazine |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://believermag.com/remote-control/ |title=Remote Control: Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan, and the Spectacles of Female Power & Pain |magazine=[[The Believer (magazine)|The Believer]] |date=January 1, 2014 |access-date=December 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805052053/https://believermag.com/remote-control/ |archive-date=August 5, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>