Editing Tanzania (section)

===Industry, energy and construction===
{{Main|Energy in Tanzania|Water supply and sanitation in Tanzania|Natural resource and waste management in Tanzania}}
{{see also|List of companies of Tanzania}}
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|image1= Williamson Diamond Mine, Mwazui, Tanzania.JPG
|caption1=[[Williamson diamond mine]]
|image2= Songo Songo Gas Plant.jpg
|caption2= [[Songo Songo Island|Songo Songo]] Gas Plant
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Industry and construction is a major and growing component of the Tanzanian economy, contributing 22.2 per cent of GDP in 2013.<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page 37}} This component includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity and natural gas, water supply, and construction.<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page 37}} Mining contributed 3.3 per cent of GDP in 2013.<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page 33}} The vast majority of the country's mineral export revenue comes from gold, accounting for 89 per cent of the value of those exports in 2013.<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page 71}} Tanzania's gold production is 46 metric tonnes in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gold production |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129233804/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gold-production?tab=table |archive-date=29 November 2023 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=Our World in Data |url-status=live }}</ref> It also exports sizeable quantities of gemstones, including [[diamonds]] and [[tanzanite]].<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1251}} All of Tanzania's coal production, which totalled 106,000 short tons in 2012, is used domestically.<ref name="EIA"/>
{{Further|topic=the mineral exploration company|Rift Valley Resources}}

Only 15 percent of Tanzanians had access to electric power in 2011, rising to 35.2 per cent in 2018.<ref name="data.worldbank.org">[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS "Access to electricity (% of population)"]. World Bank. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412100001/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS |date=12 April 2012}}</ref> The government-owned [[TANESCO|Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited]] (TANESCO) dominates the electric supply industry in Tanzania.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ewura.go.tz/newsite/index.php/2012-03-09-08-22-52/electricity |title=Electricity |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023170705/http://www.ewura.go.tz/newsite/index.php/2012-03-09-08-22-52/electricity |archive-date=23 October 2014 |work=ewura.go.tz |date=9 March 2012}}</ref>{{efn|In 2020 access to electricity reached a high of 84.6 percent, the highest in East Africa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/transmission-and-distribution/tanzania-records-highest-percentage-in-access-to-electricity/ |title=Tanzania records highest percentage in access to electricity |website=ESI Africa |date=11 May 2020 |access-date=29 June 2021 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717211339/https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/transmission-and-distribution/tanzania-records-highest-percentage-in-access-to-electricity/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} The country generated 6.013&nbsp;billion [[kilowatt hours]] (kWh) of electricity in 2013, a 4.2 per cent increase over the 5.771&nbsp;billion kWh generated in 2012.<ref name="BudEx">{{cite web|url=http://www.mof.go.tz/mofdocs/budget/Budget%20Execution%20Report/BER%20January%20-%20March%202014%20Final.pdf|title="Quarterly Economic Review and Budget Execution Report for Fiscal Year 2013/14: January–March 2014", Tanzania Ministry of Finance, May 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2014|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111084258/http://www.mof.go.tz/mofdocs/budget/Budget%20Execution%20Report/BER%20January%20-%20March%202014%20Final.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|page 4}} Generation increased by 63 percent between 2005 and 2012;<ref name="2012Elec"/><ref>[https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=TANZANIA&fuel=Energy%20supply&indicator=ElecGenByFuel "Tanzania: Electricity and Heat for 2005"]. iea.org.</ref> Almost 18 percent of the electricity generated in 2012 was lost because of theft and transmission and distribution problems.<ref name="2012Elec">[https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=TANZANIA&fuel=Energy%20supply&indicator=ElecGenByFuel "Tanzania: Electricity and Heat for 2012"]</ref> The electrical supply varies, particularly when droughts disrupt hydropower electric generation; rolling blackouts are implemented as necessary.<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1251}} The unreliability of the electrical supply has hindered the development of Tanzanian industry.<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1251}} In 2013, 49.7 percent of Tanzania's electricity generation came from natural gas, 28.9 percent from hydroelectric sources, 20.4 percent from thermal sources, and 1.0 percent from outside the country.<ref name="BudEx"/>{{rp|page 5}} The government has built a {{convert|532|km}} gas pipeline from [[Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park|Mnazi Bay]] to Dar es Salaam.<ref>ashery mkama. [http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/biz/36257-gas-connection-to-dar-houses-faces-hurdles "DailyNews Online Edition"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029034136/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/biz/36257-gas-connection-to-dar-houses-faces-hurdles |date=29 October 2014}}. ''DailyNews Online Edition''.</ref> This pipeline was expected to allow the country to double its electricity generation capacity to 3,000 megawatts by 2016.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141024091801/http://m.allafrica.com/stories/201409170608.html/ "Tanzania: Govt Signs Gas Supply Deal to Double Power Generation"]. allAfrica.com. 17 September 2014</ref> The government's goal is to increase capacity to at least 10,000 megawatts by 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gst.go.tz/images/TANZANIA%20ELECTRICITY%20SUPPLY%20INDUSTRY%20REFORM%20STRATEGY%20&%20ROADMAP.pdf|title=Electricity Supply Industry Reform Strategy and Roadmap 2014–2025, Tanzania Ministry of Energy and Minerals, 30 June 2014, page i. Retrieved 26 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324111701/http://gst.go.tz/images/TANZANIA%20ELECTRICITY%20SUPPLY%20INDUSTRY%20REFORM%20STRATEGY%20%26%20ROADMAP.pdf|archive-date=24 March 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Nyerere Bridge - Kigamboni .jpg|thumb|[[Nyerere Bridge]] in Kigamboni, Dar es Salaam]]

According to [[PFC Energy]], 25 to 30&nbsp;trillion cubic feet of recoverable natural gas resources have been discovered in Tanzania since 2010,<ref name="EIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=tz |title=International – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)}}</ref> bringing the total reserves to over 43&nbsp;trillion cubic feet by the end of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tpdc-tz.com/OIL%20and%20GAS%20EXPLORATION.pdf |title=OIL and GAS EXPLORATION.pdf |access-date=9 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227104800/http://www.tpdc-tz.com/OIL%20and%20GAS%20EXPLORATION.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The value of natural gas actually produced in 2013 was US$52.2&nbsp;million, a 42.7 percent increase over 2012.<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page 73}}

Commercial production of gas from the Songo Songo Island field in the Indian Ocean commenced in 2004, thirty years after it was discovered there.<ref name="EABrief">{{cite web |url=https://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics2.cfm?fips=EEAE |title=International – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510163804/http://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics2.cfm?fips=EEAE |archive-date=10 May 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="EWURA-Ng">[http://www.ewura.go.tz/newsite/index.php/2012-03-09-08-22-52/natural-gas "Natural Gas"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023143420/http://www.ewura.go.tz/newsite/index.php/2012-03-09-08-22-52/natural-gas |date=23 October 2014}}. ''ewura.go.tz''. 9 March 2012</ref> Over 35&nbsp;billion cubic feet of gas was produced from this field in 2013,<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page 72}} with proven, probable, and possible reserves totalling 1.1&nbsp;trillion cubic feet.<ref name="EWURA-Ng"/> The gas is transported by pipeline to Dar es Salaam.<ref name="EABrief"/> As of 27 August 2014, TANESCO owed the operator of this field, Orca Exploration Group Inc.<ref>[http://www.orcaexploration.com/pdfs/2014_Orca_Q2.pdf "2014 Q2 Report for the Quarter Ended June 30 2014 and 2013"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617204030/http://www.orcaexploration.com/pdfs/2014_Orca_Q2.pdf |date=17 June 2019}}, Orca Exploration Group Inc., p. 3</ref>

A newer natural gas field in Mnazi Bay in 2013 produced about one-seventh of the amount produced near Songo Songo Island<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page 73}} but has proven, probable, and possible reserves of 2.2&nbsp;trillion cubic feet.<ref name="EWURA-Ng"/> Virtually all of that gas is being used for electricity generation in [[Mtwara]].<ref name="EABrief"/>

The Ruvuma and Kiliwani areas of Tanzania have been explored mostly by the discovery company that holds a 75 percent interest, Aminex, and has shown to hold in excess of 3.5&nbsp;trillion cubic feet of natural gas. A pipeline connecting offshore natural gas fields to Tanzania's commercial capital Dar es Salaam was completed at the end of April 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldpipelines.com/project-news/06062016/kiliwani-north-update/ |title=Tanzania gas pipe: finished but not in service |access-date=9 April 2015| date=April 2015}}</ref>