Editing Tampere (section)

== Arts and culture ==

[[File:Tammerkoski (22286032958).jpg|thumb|The Tammerkoski rapids in Tampere at night in 2015. The Festival of Light has just opened and an old, large factory chimney is lit in red on the right side of the rapids and contrasts with the blue lighting of the trees beneath it. The array of colours is reflected by the water of the rapids.|left]]

Tampere is known for its active cultural life. Some of the most popular writers in Finland, such as [[Väinö Linna]], [[Kalle Päätalo]], and [[Hannu Salama]], hail from Tampere. These authors are known particularly as writers depicting the lives of working-class people, thanks to their respective backgrounds as members of the working class. Also from such a background was the poet [[Lauri Viita]] of the [[Pispala]] district, which was also the original home of the aforementioned Hannu Salama.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} On 1 October, Tampere celebrates the annual [[Tampere Day]] ({{langx|fi|Tampereen päivä}}), which hosts a variety of public events.<ref name=tampere_fi_paiva_pahkinankuoressa/><ref name=niemela/>

=== Media ===

[[File:Aamulehden talo, Hallituskatu 14, Tampere.jpg|thumb|An office building of ''[[Aamulehti]]'' newspaper in the [[Nalkala|Nalkala district]]]]

Tampere is a strong ''media city.'' The television center in [[Tohloppi]] and [[Ristimäki]] districts has had a nationwide [[Yle TV2]] television channel since the 1970s,<ref name=niemela/> and Finnish radio, for example, began in Tampere when [[Arvi Hauvonen]] founded the first broadcasting station in 1923.<ref name=niemela/> Yle TV2 has its roots in Tamvisio, which was transferred to [[Yleisradio]] (YLE, Finnish National Broadcasting Company) in 1964. ''Kakkoskanava'' ("Channel 2") has been a major influence in Tampere, and several well-known television programs and series have been shot in the city,<ref name=niemela/> such as TV comedies ''[[Tankki täyteen]]'', ''[[Reinikainen (TV series)|Reinikainen]]'' and ''[[Kummeli]]''. There's also a play park in central Tampere named after the channel's most famous children's programme, Pikku Kakkonen's Park.

Today, Yle operates as a tenant in its old premises, which in 2013 was transformed into a hub for visual media production companies and training institutes called Mediapolis.

The [[Ruutu+]] streaming service's popular crime drama television series ''[[Lakeside Murders]]'' ({{langx|fi|Koskinen}}), based on the ''Koskinen'' book series by [[Seppo Jokinen]], is also produced and filmed in Tampere.<ref name="hs_2020-12-10" /><ref name="aamulehti_2021-11-26" />

The [[Tampere Film Festival]], an annual international short film event, is held every March.<ref name=visittampere_film_festival/> Tampere has also served as a filming location for international film productions, most notably the 1993 British comedy film ''[[The Big Freeze (film)|The Big Freeze]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hs.fi/radiotelevisio/art-2000002846675.html|title=Bob Hoskins korjasi putkia Teiskossa|trans-title=Bob Hoskins repaired pipes in Teisko|first=Henri Waltter|last=Rehnström|work=[[Yle]]|date=22 August 2015|access-date=17 December 2022|language=fi|archive-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217103540/https://www.hs.fi/radiotelevisio/art-2000002846675.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 2022 American sci-fi film ''[[Dual (2022 film)|Dual]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/karen-gillan-sci-fi-dual-starts-production-in-finland-with-aaron-paul-beulah-koale-exclusive/5154263.article|title=Karen Gillan sci-fi 'Dual' starts production in Finland with Aaron Paul, Beulah Koale (exclusive)|first=Jeremy|last=Kay|work=[[Screen Daily]]|date=21 October 2020|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=10 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110072943/https://www.screendaily.com/news/karen-gillan-sci-fi-dual-starts-production-in-finland-with-aaron-paul-beulah-koale-exclusive/5154263.article|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodnewsfinland.com/tampere-hosts-hollywood-production-dual/|title=Tampere hosts Hollywood production|first=Laura|last=Vanzo|work=Good News from Finland|publisher=Finnfacts|date=26 October 2020|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927144541/https://www.goodnewsfinland.com/tampere-hosts-hollywood-production-dual/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, ''[[Aamulehti]]'', which was published in Tampere and was founded in 1881,<ref name=ainamo/><ref name=almamedia/> was the third largest newspaper in Finland in terms of circulation, after ''[[Helsingin Sanomat]]'' and ''[[Ilta-Sanomat]]''. The circulation of the magazine was 98 408 (2016).<ref name=sanomalehdet/> In addition, a free city newspaper ''[[Tamperelainen]]'' (literally translated "Tamperean", meaning person who live in Tampere) will be published in the city.<ref name=niemela/> In November 2016, the ''Tamperelainen'' was awarded the second best city newspaper in Finland.<ref name=heili/>

The city is also known as the home of the popular [[Hydraulic Press Channel]] on YouTube, which originates from a machine shop owned by Lauri Vuohensilta.<ref name=washingtonpost_2016-04-19/>

Independent video game developer [[Colossal Order]], known for the hit [[city-building game]] ''[[Cities: Skylines]]'', is based in Tampere.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.tut.fi/rajapinta/artikkelit/2011/3/vakavasti-mukana-pelibisneksessa|title=Vakavasti mukana pelibisneksessä|trans-title=Seriously in with the Games Business|language=fi|last=Eskelinen|first=Päivi|date=19 May 2011|volume=2011|number=3|journal=Rajapinta|publisher=Tampere University of Technology|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122023605/http://www.tut.fi/rajapinta/artikkelit/2011/3/vakavasti-mukana-pelibisneksessa|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Cities: Skylines II]]'' also features the city's geography as an in-game map for those who pre-ordered the game.

=== Food ===

[[File:Mustamakkara2019.jpg|alt=|thumb|''[[Mustamakkara]]'' ("black sausage"), a speciality food from Tampere, is typically consumed with lingonberry jam.]]

[[File:Chicken wings meal at Siipiweikot.jpg|thumb|right|Tampere claims to be the "wings capital of Finland", consuming almost half of the [[hot wings]] in Finland. The restaurant chain [[Siipiweikot]] originates from Tampere. Almost half of the chicken wings sold in Finland are eaten exclusively in Pirkanmaa.<ref name=yle_2012-08-10/>]]

A local food speciality is ''[[mustamakkara]]'', which resembles the [[black pudding]] of northern England and blood sausages around Europe. It is a black sausage made by mixing pork, pig's blood and crushed rye and flour and is stuffed into the intestines of an animal. It is commonly eaten with [[lingonberry]] sauce. Especially [[Tammelantori]] square in the district of [[Tammela, Tampere|Tammela]] is known for its ''mustamakkara'' [[kiosk]]s, as well as [[Laukontori]] in center.<ref name=helsinkitimes_2012_11_08/>

A newer Tampere tradition are ''munkki'', fresh sugary doughnuts that are sold in several cafés around Tampere, but most traditionally in [[Pyynikki observation tower]].<ref name=visittampere_munkki/>

One of the specialties of Tampere's local [[barbecue]] dishes include the [[peremech]] (pärämäts in Finnish), based on traditional [[Tatars|Tatar]] food. It is a pie reminiscent of [[Karelian pasty]] with seasoned [[ground meat]] inside.<ref name=linkosuon_kahvilat/><ref name=vuosara/>

In the 1980s, in addition to ''mustamakkara'' and barley bread, the old parish dish of Tampere was also called a potato soup, home-made [[small beer]] (''kotikalja''), a sweetened lingonberry porridge and a [[sweetened potato casserole]] (''Imelletty perunalaatikko'').<ref name=kolmonen/>

Since 1991, the two-day [[fish market]] event (''Tampereen kalamarkkinat'') in [[Laukontori]] attracts as many as 80,000–100,000 visitors in year, and is held both in the spring on ''[[vappu]]'' and in the autumn on Tampere Day.<ref name=kalatalo/><ref name=visittampere_kalamarkkinat/>

=== Music ===

{{see also|Tampere Academic Symphony Orchestra}}

[[File:Judas Priest, päälava, Sauna Open Air 2011, Tampere, 11.6.2011 (30).JPG|thumb|left|[[Judas Priest]] performing as one of the headliners at the 2011 [[Sauna Open Air Metal Festival]]]]

Tampere is home to the [[Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra]] (''Tampere Filharmonia''), which is one of only two full-sized symphony orchestras in Finland; [[Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra|the other one]] is located in [[Helsinki]]. The orchestra's home venue is the [[Tampere Hall]],<ref name=green/> and their concerts include classical, popular, and film music. [[Tampere Music Festivals]] organises three international music events: [[Tampere Jazz Happening|The Tampere Jazz Happening]] each November, and in alternate years [[Tampere Vocal Music Festival|The Tampere Vocal Music Festival]] and the Tampere Biennale. Professional education in many fields of classical music, including performing arts, pedagogic arts, and composition, is provided by [[Tampere University of Applied Sciences]] and Tampere [[Music school|Conservatoire]].

''{{visible anchor|Manserock}}'' became a general term for rock music from Tampere, which was essentially rock music with Finnish lyrics. Manserock was especially popular during the 1970s and 1980s, and its most popular artists included [[Juice Leskinen]], [[Veltto Virtanen]], [[Kaseva]], [[Popeda]], and [[Eppu Normaali]]. In 1977, [[Poko Rekords]], the first record company in Tampere, was founded.<ref name=yle_2007-05-29/>

In the 2010s, there has been a lot of popular musical activity in Tampere, particularly in the fields of rock and [[Heavy metal music|heavy/black metal]]; one of the most important metal music events in Tampere is the [[Sauna Open Air Metal Festival]].<ref name=sauna-open-air/> Some of the most popular bands based in Tampere include [[Negative (Finnish band)|Negative]], [[Uniklubi]], and [[Lovex]]. Tampere also has an active electronic music scene. Tampere hosts an annual World of Tango Festival (''Maailmantango''),<ref name=economist_2017-10-11/> which is one of the most significant tango events in Finland next to the [[Tangomarkkinat]] of [[Seinäjoki]].

=== Theatre ===

[[File:Tampereen teatteri.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|The Tampere Theatre (Finnish: ''Tampereen Teatteri'')]]

Tampere has a lengthy tradition of theater, with established institutions such as [[Tampere Workers' Theatre|Tampereen Työväen Teatteri]], [[Tampere Theatre|Tampereen Teatteri]], and [[Pyynikin Kesäteatteri]], which is an open-air theatre with the oldest [[revolving auditorium]] in Europe. The longest-running directors of the Tampereen Teatteri include Heikki Vihinen and Rauli Lehtonen, and the Tampereen Työväen Teatteri had Kosti Elo, Eino Salmelainen and Esko Roine.<ref name=niemela/> [[Tampere Theatre Festival|The Tampere Theatre Festival]] (''Tampereen teatterikesä'') is an international theatre festival held in the city each August. Tampere also has the [[Tampere Opera]], founded in 1946.<ref name=tampere_opera/>

Tampere's other professional theaters are Teatteri Siperia; restaurant theater Teatteripalatsi; Teatteri Telakka, known for its artistic experiments; Ahaa Teatteri, which specializes in children's and young people's plays; [[puppet theater]] Teatteri Mukamas, and Tanssiteatteri MD, specializes in [[contemporary dance]] performances.<ref name=opiskelijantampere_teatterit/> In addition, there are also three [[Movie theater|cinemas]] in Tampere: two [[Finnkino]]'s theaters, Cine Atlas and [[Finnkino Plevna|Plevna]],<ref name=finnkino_cine_atlas/><ref name=finnkino_plevna/> and private Arthouse Cinema Niagara,<ref name=arthousecinemaniagara/> which serves as the main venue for the Cinemadrome Festival, which presents [[Horror film|horror]], [[Action film|action]], [[Science fiction film|sci-fi]], [[Trash film|trash]], and other [[cult film]]s.<ref name=arthousecinemaniagara_cinemadrome/> Local cinemas also included the historic [[Imatra (cinema)|Imatra]], formerly located in the [[Kyttälä]] district, which was completely destroyed on a fire in the midst of a 1924 film ''[[Wages of Virtue]]'' on 23 October 1927, killing 21 people.<ref name=aamulehti_1927-10-24/>

=== Religious activities ===

[[File:Tampere, cattedrale, ext. 01.JPG|right|thumbnail|[[Cathedral of Tampere]] in the [[Jussinkylä|Jussinkylä district]], designed by Finnish architect [[Lars Sonck]]]]

[[File:Tamperechristmas.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Tampere Old Church|Old Church]] (Vanha kirkko) on the edge of the Tampere Central Square]]

As is the case with most of the rest of Finland, most Tampere citizens belong to the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]]. One Lutheran church in Tampere is [[Finlayson Church]] in the [[Finlayson (district)|district by the same name]]. Tampere also has a variety of other religious services spanning from traditional to [[Charismatic Christianity|charismatic]]. There are also some English speaking services, such as the Tampere English Service, an international community affiliated with the {{ill|Tampere Pentecostal Church|fi|Tampereen helluntaiseurakunta}} (''Tampereen helluntaiseurakunta'').<ref name=tamperehelluntai/><ref name=suomenhelluntaikirkko/> English services of the International Congregation of Christ the King (ICCK) are organized by the [[Anglican Church in Finland]] and the Lutheran Parishes of Tampere. The Catholic parish of the Holy Cross<ref name=pyha_risti/> also offers services in Finnish, Polish and English. Other churches may also have English speaking ministries. Tampere is the center of a [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS]] [[stake (Latter Day Saints)|stake]] (diocese). Other churches in Tampere are the [[Tampere Baptist Church|Baptist Church]], the Evangelical Free Church, the [[Evangelical Lutheran Mission Diocese of Finland]], the [[Finnish Orthodox Church]] and the [[Nokia Revival]].

There was an organized Jewish community until 1981. Though a small number of Jews remain in Tampere, organized communal life ended at that time.<ref name=jchelsinki/>

There are three registered Muslim communities in Tampere. The biggest of them being [[Tampere Islam Society]] with over 1500 members.<ref name=islam/>

=== City rivalry with Turku ===

Tampere ostensibly has a long-standing mutual feud with the city of [[Turku]],<ref name="observing">{{cite web|url=https://observingfinland.com/blog/two-cities-and-then-one-helsinki-tampere-turku|title=Two Cities and the One|work=Observing Finland|date=27 March 2022|access-date=27 August 2022|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827171429/https://observingfinland.com/blog/two-cities-and-then-one-helsinki-tampere-turku|url-status=usurped}}</ref> the first capital of Finland, and they tend to compete for the title of being the "second grand city of Finland" after [[Helsinki]].<ref name=yle_2017-06-29/><ref name=hs_2021-01-27/> This rivalry is largely expressed in jokes in one city about the other; prominent targets are the traditional Tampere food, ''[[mustamakkara]]'', the state of the [[Aura River (Finland)|Aura River]] in Turku, and the regional accents. Tampere is well known as a food destination because of its food culture. Since 1997, students at Tampere have made annual excursions to Turku to jump on the market square, doing their part to undo the [[post-glacial rebound]] and push the city back into the [[Baltic Sea]].<ref name=tut/><ref name="everwas">{{Cite web |title=Finnish Town Rivalries |last=Kennedy |first=Ian |work=everwas |date=2 July 2010 |url=https://everwas.com/2010/07/finnish-rivalry/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926091333/https://everwas.com/2010/07/finnish-rivalry/ |url-status=live }}</ref>