Editing Sun (section)

=== Solar System ===
{{Main|Solar System}}
[[File:Oort_cloud_Sedna_orbit.svg|thumb|Location of the Sun within the [[Solar System]], which extends to the edge of the [[Oort cloud]], where at {{val|125,000|fmt=commas|u=AU}} to {{val|230,000|fmt=commas|u=AU}}, equal to several light-years, the Sun's [[Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)|gravitational sphere of influence]] ends.]]
The Sun has eight known planets orbiting it. This includes four [[terrestrial planets]] ([[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Venus]], [[Earth]], and [[Mars]]), two [[gas giants]] ([[Jupiter]] and [[Saturn]]), and two [[ice giants]] ([[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]]). The Solar System also has nine bodies generally considered as [[dwarf planet]]s and some more [[list of possible dwarf planets|candidates]], an [[asteroid belt]], numerous [[comets]], and a large number of icy bodies which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Six of the planets and many smaller bodies also have their own [[natural satellite]]s: in particular, the satellite systems of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus are in some ways like miniature versions of the Sun's system.<ref>{{cite book |title=Physics and Chemistry of the Solar System |date=2004 |publisher=Elsevier |editor-first=John |editor-last=Lewis |edition=2 |page=265 |isbn=9780080470122 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xl50rOf5V08C&pg=PA265}}</ref>

[[File:Solar_system_barycenter.svg|thumb|Apparent motion of the Solar System [[barycentre]] with respect to the Sun]]
The Sun is moved by the gravitational pull of the planets. The centre of the Sun moves around the Solar System [[barycentre]], within a range from 0.1 to 2.2 solar radii. The Sun's motion around the barycentre approximately repeats every 179&nbsp;years, rotated by about 30° due primarily to the [[synodic period]] of Jupiter and Saturn.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Paul D. |last=Jose |title=Sun's Motion and Sunspots |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |date=Apr 1965 |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1086/109714 |bibcode=1965AJ.....70..193J |url=http://www.landscheidt.info/pdf/jose1965.pdf |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184010/http://www.landscheidt.info/pdf/jose1965.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> This motion is mainly due to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. For some periods of several decades (when Neptune and Uranus are in [[Opposition (astronomy)|opposition]]) the motion is rather regular, forming a [[trefoil]] pattern, whereas between these periods it appears more chaotic.<ref>See Figure 2 in {{cite journal |url=https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/18/399/2000/ |doi=10.1007/s00585-000-0399-x |title=Can origin of the 2400-year cycle of solar activity be caused by solar inertial motion? |date=2000 |last1=Charvátová |first1=I. |journal=Annales Geophysicae |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=399–405 |bibcode=2000AnGeo..18..399C }}</ref> After 179 years (nine times the [[synodic period]] of Jupiter and Saturn), the pattern more or less repeats, but rotated by about 24°.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Paul Jose |title=Sun's Motion and Sunspots |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |date=Apr 1965 |volume=70 |pages=193–200 |doi=10.1086/109714 |bibcode=1965AJ.....70..193J |url=http://www.landscheidt.info/pdf/jose1965.pdf |access-date=22 March 2020 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184010/http://www.landscheidt.info/pdf/jose1965.pdf |url-status=live }} The value of 24° comes from (360)(15&nbsp;J&nbsp;−&nbsp;6&nbsp;S)/(S&nbsp;−&nbsp;J), where S and J are the periods of Saturn and Jupiter respectively.</ref> The orbits of the inner planets, including of the Earth, are similarly displaced by the same gravitational forces, so the movement of the Sun has little effect on the relative positions of the Earth and the Sun or on solar irradiance on the Earth as a function of time.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Retraction Note: Oscillations of the baseline of solar magnetic field and solar irradiance on a millennial timescale |journal=Scientific Reports |date=Mar 4, 2020 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-61020-3 |volume=10 | last1 = Zharkova | first1 = V. V. | last2 = Shepherd | first2 = S. J. | last3 = Zharkov | first3 = S. I. | last4 = Popova | first4 = E.|issue=1 |page=4336 |pmid=32132618 |pmc=7055216 |bibcode=2020NatSR..10.4336Z | doi-access = free }}</ref>

The Sun's gravitational field is estimated to [[Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)|dominate the gravitational forces of surrounding stars]] out to about two light-years ({{val|125,000|fmt=commas|u=AU}}). Lower estimates for the radius of the [[Oort cloud]], by contrast, do not place it farther than {{val|50,000|fmt=commas|u=AU}}.<ref name="Encrenaz_et_al_2004">{{Cite book |last1=Encrenaz |first1=T. |author-link=Thérèse Encrenaz |title=The Solar System |last2=Bibring |first2=J. P. |last3=Blanc |first3=M. |last4=Barucci |first4=M. A. |last5=Roques |first5=F. |last6=Zarka |first6=P. H. |date=2004 |publisher=Springer |edition=3rd |page=1}}</ref> Most of the mass is orbiting in the region between 3,000 and {{val|100,000|fmt=commas|u=AU}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Torres |first1=S. |last2=Cai |first2=M. X. |last3=Brown |first3=A. G. A. |last4=Portegies Zwart |first4=S. |date=September 2019 |title=Galactic tide and local stellar perturbations on the Oort cloud: creation of interstellar comets |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=629 |page=13 |arxiv=1906.10617 |bibcode=2019A&A...629A.139T |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201935330 |s2cid=195584070 |id=A139}}</ref> The furthest known objects, such as [[Comet West]], have aphelia around {{val|70,000|fmt=commas|u=AU}} from the Sun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norman |first=Neil |date=May 2020 |title=10 great comets of recent times |url=https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/greatest-comets-of-recent-times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125042109/https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/greatest-comets-of-recent-times |archive-date=25 January 2022 |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=[[BBC Sky at Night|BBC Sky at Night Magazine]]}}</ref> The Sun's [[Hill sphere]] with respect to the galactic nucleus, the effective range of its gravitational influence, was calculated by [[Gleb Alexandrovich Chebotarev|G. A. Chebotarev]] to be 230,000&nbsp;AU.<ref name="Chebotarev">{{cite journal |last1=Chebotarev |first1=G. A. |title=Gravitational Spheres of the Major Planets, Moon and Sun |journal=Astronomicheskii Zhurnal |date=1 January 1963 |volume=40 |pages=812 |bibcode=1964SvA.....7..618C |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1964SvA.....7..618C |issn=0004-6299 |access-date=6 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507030847/https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1964SvA.....7..618C |url-status=live}}</ref>