Editing Shiva (Judaism) (section)

==Prayers in the ''shiva'' house==
Praying in the home of a mourner is done in order to demonstrate respect for the grieving individual as well as the deceased. Even as early as 1790, the "Hebra Maarib beZemanah Oheb Shalom" (חברה מעריב בזמנה אוהב שלום) organization was founded in order to provide mourners observing ''shiva'' with a ''[[minyan]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Roth |first=Cecil |title=The History of the Great Synagogue |year=1950 |page=61 |url=https://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/susser/roth/ |access-date=November 30, 2019}}</ref> During 1853 in London, the "Hebrath Menachem Abelim Hesed Ve Emeth" organization was founded to accomplish a similar goal. Throughout history, prayers during mourning have been important. However, during ''shiva'', the prayers change slightly.

===Kaddish===
During the process of mourning, [[Kaddish]] is typically recited. Rather than losing faith in the religion, Jewish traditions require those who have experienced the loss of a loved one to publicly assert their faith in God. This is typically done in front of a minyan. The recitation of Kaddish is done in order to protect the dignity and merit of the individual who died within God's eyes.<ref name="Kolatch first" /><ref name="Kolatch second" /> Judaism believes that prior to a soul's entry into heaven, a maximum of twelve months is required in order for even the worst soul to be purified. Though the entirety of mourning lasts for twelve months, Kaddish is only recited for eleven months so as to not imply the soul required an entire twelve months of purification.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wyatt |first=Jean |title=The Judge Is the Savior: Towards a Universalist Understanding of Salvation |year=2015 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |location=Eugene, OR |isbn=9781625648174 |pages=168–169}}</ref>

===Mourner's prayer===
{{Main|El Malei Rachamim}}

Traditionally the true mourner's prayer is known as ''El Malei Rachamim'' in [[Ashkenazi]] literature and ''Hashkavah'' in [[Sephardic]] literature. Often the mourner's prayer is mistaken for Kaddish. The recitation of the mourner's prayer is done for the soul of an individual who has died. The prayer itself is an appeal for the soul of the deceased to be given proper rest.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisenberg |first=Ronald L. |title=El Maleh Rahamim |url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/el-maleh-rahamim/ |website=My Jewish Learning |access-date=November 30, 2019}}</ref> Typically recitation of this prayer is done at the graveside during burial, during the unveiling of the tombstone, as in the [[Bereavement in Judaism#Yizkor|Yizkor]] services on Jewish holidays. If the recitation is done as an individual commemoration, the prayer contains the name of the individual who died. However, if the recitation is done in the presence of a group, the prayer will contain a description of the individual who died.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eisenberg |first1=Ronald L. |title=The JPS Guide to Jewish Traditions (A JPS Desk Reference) |year=2004 |publisher=The Jewish Publication Society |isbn=978-0827607606}}</ref>

===Minyan during shiva===

A minyan is traditionally a quorum of ten or more adult men. Often in [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]], [[Reconstructionist Judaism|Reconstructionist]], or [[Reform Judaism|Reform]] communities, a minyan is composed of a mix of ten or more adult men and women. During shiva, a minyan will gather at the home of those in mourning for services. The services are similar to those held at a synagogue. During shiva, however, certain prayers or verses are either added or omitted. During the days that the [[Torah]] is read in a synagogue, it is likewise read at the shiva home. An effort is made by the community to lend a [[Torah scroll]] to the mourner for this purpose.

===Changes in service during mourning===
The following changes are made in the [[Shacharit]] (morning) prayer, listed by order in the prayer service:
* Omission of the [[Priestly Blessing]]<ref name="ArtScroll.MiH" />{{rp|p.187 (16:25)}} and ''Hallel'' on [[Rosh Chodesh]].{{rp|p.188 (16:26}}
* Omission of ''Tachanun'' and ''Nefilat Appayim'';<ref name="ArtScroll.MiH" />{{rp|pp.184–185 (16:20)}} similarly, on Monday & Thursday mornings (before Torah reading), ''Erech Apayim'' is omitted.
* Omission of ''[[Psalm 20]]''<ref>{{cite book|title=Ibid|pages=75–76}}</ref>
* Omission of ''[[Psalm 90|Psalms 90]]''<ref>{{Bibleverse|Psalms|90:17|HE}}</ref>
* Addition of ''[[Psalm 49]]'' - Redemption of the Soul ({{langx|he|למנצח לבני קרח}}):<ref name="ArtScroll.MiH" />{{rp|p.189 (16:29)}} twice per day: mornings, also evenings (Sfard) or Mincha (Ashkenaz).
* Substitution of ''[[Psalm 16]]'' for ''[[Psalm 49]]'' on days when [[Tachanun]] is omitted<ref name="ArtScroll.MiH" />{{rp|p.189 (16:29)}}
* Omission of ''Pitum Haketoret''<ref>{{cite book|title=Keritot 6a|pages=219–220}}</ref>

In addition, the following changes are made in other prayers:
* Omission of ''Tachanun'' and ''Nefilat Appayim'' from the [[Mincha]] service
* Omission of the six Psalms before Friday night services<ref name="ArtScroll.MiH" />{{rp|p.267 (28:6)}}
* Spices are omitted from use in the home of a mourner during [[Havdalah]] (the end of shabbat).<ref>{{cite book |title=Ibid |page=370}}</ref>