Editing Sheffield (section)

==Transport==
{{Main|Transport in Sheffield}}

===Cars, coaches and cycling===
[[File:View of Park Square from Park Hill.jpg|thumb|alt=Aerial view of Park Square, where the Sheffield Parkway meets the Sheffield Inner Ring Road|Aerial view of Park Square, where the Sheffield Parkway meets the Sheffield Inner Ring Road]]
Motorways near the city are the [[M1 motorway|M1]] and [[M18 motorway (Great Britain)|M18]].<ref name="OS">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/travelnews/sheffield |title=Travel News: Sheffield and South Yorkshire |publisher=BBC |access-date=13 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121230911/http://www.bbc.com/travelnews/sheffield |archive-date=21 November 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sheffield Parkway]] connects the city centre to the motorways. The M1 skirts the city's north-east and crossing [[Tinsley Viaduct]] near Rotherham. The M18 branches from the M1 close to Sheffield, linking the city with [[Doncaster]] and ending at [[Goole]].
The [[A57 road|A57]] and [[A61 road]]s are the major [[trunk road]]s through Sheffield.<ref name="OS"/> These run east–west and north–south, respectively, crossing in the city centre, from where the other major roads generally radiate spoke-like. An inner [[Sheffield Inner Ring Road|ring road]], mostly constructed in the 1970s and extended in 2007 to form a complete ring,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/?pgid=87823&fs=b |title=Project History – The Inner Relief Road |last=Brown |first=Deborah |year=2008 |publisher=Sheffield City Council |access-date=19 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021015428/http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/?pgid=87823&fs=b |archive-date=21 October 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> allows traffic to avoid the city centre, and an [[Sheffield Outer Ring Road|outer ring road]] runs to the east, south-east and north, nearer the edge of the city, but does not serve the western side of Sheffield.<ref name="OS"/>
[[File:Shefield_Interchange_2022.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Sheffield bus and coach Interchange is in the foreground, in the bottom left corner is the main entrance. In the centre are long bus stands that form the interchange. Above that is the Digital Campus built upon an unused part of the interchange. In the top left corner is the 1960s Park Hill flats and to the right is Sheffield Station. |[[Sheffield Interchange]], served by [[National Express Coaches]]]] [[File:Wright StreetDeck Hybrid.jpg|thumb|right|A [[First South Yorkshire]] service]]
[[Sheffield Interchange]] is the city's bus main hub; other bus stations are at [[Halfway, Sheffield|Halfway]], [[Hillsborough, South Yorkshire|Hillsborough]] and [[Darnall#Meadowhall|Meadowhall]]. After deregulation in 1986,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Bayliss |first=David |year=1997 |title=Bus Privatisation in Great Britain |journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Transport |volume=123 |issue=2 |pages=81–93 |doi=10.1680/itran.1997.29377}}</ref> there were multiple new service providers. Current providers are [[First South Yorkshire]], [[Stagecoach Yorkshire]], [[TM Travel]], [[Hulleys of Baslow]] and Sheffield Community Transport. First South Yorkshire, is the largest bus operator.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Call-for-action-to-halt.1115892.jp |title=Call for action to halt fall in bus passengers |work=The Star |date=16 August 2005 |access-date=7 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126181613/http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Call-for-action-to-halt.1115892.jp |archive-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Next-stop-in-bus-protest.1332988.jp |title=Next stop in bus protest campaign |work=The Star |date=31 January 2006 |access-date=7 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126181647/http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Next-stop-in-bus-protest.1332988.jp |archive-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> There is also the [[Bus Rapid Transit North]] route between Sheffield and [[Maltby, South Yorkshire|Maltby]] via Rotherham. It was planned as two routes: the Northern route to Rotherham via Meadowhall and [[Templeborough]], and the southern route via the developing employment centre and Waverley.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rothbiz.co.uk/2008/04/news-regional-approval-for-rotherham.html |title=Regional approval for Rotherham / Sheffield transport scheme |publisher=Rotherham Business News |date=7 April 2008 |access-date=8 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126101950/http://www.rothbiz.co.uk/2008/04/news-regional-approval-for-rotherham.html |archive-date=26 January 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The northern route opened in September 2016; it involved an 800-metre Tinsley Road Link to be built between Meadowhall and the A6178 road.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/16-million-for-yorkshire-bus-services |title=£16 million for Yorkshire bus services |work=Department for Transport |access-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313214317/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/16-million-for-yorkshire-bus-services |archive-date=13 March 2018 |url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web |url=http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2013/08/27/carillion-wins-tinsley-link-road-job-with-11m-bid/ |title=Carillion wins Tinsley Link road job with £11m bid |work=Construction Enquirer |access-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313214302/http://www.constructionenquirer.com/2013/08/27/carillion-wins-tinsley-link-road-job-with-11m-bid/ |archive-date=13 March 2018 |url-status=live}}<br>{{cite web |url=http://busandcoach.com/news/articles/2016/steel-link-service-for-new-298million-brt-scheme/ |title=Steel Link service for new £29.8 million BRT scheme |publisher=Bus & Coach Professional |access-date=13 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915090535/http://www.busandcoach.com/news/articles/2016/steel-link-service-for-new-298million-brt-scheme/ |archive-date=15 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Yorkshire Terrier (bus company)|Yorkshire Terrier]], Andrews and the parent company [[Yorkshire Traction]] formerly operated in the city and were taken-over by [[Stagecoach Sheffield]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Anger-over-14-per-cent.1975609.jp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120912112709/http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Anger-over-14-per-cent.1975609.jp |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 September 2012 |title=Anger over 14 per cent bus fare rise |last=Marsden |first=Richard |date=17 January 2007 |work=The Star |access-date=21 July 2009}}</ref> [[Stagecoach Group]] also operates the [[sheffield Supertram|Supertram]] and has an integrated ticketing system with buses and tram.<ref>[http://www.stagecoachbus.com/tickets.aspx?action=&sid=20100826214621-5659&product_id=14&location_id=17&period_filter=any Stagecoach Bus] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611231457/http://www.stagecoachbus.com/tickets.aspx?action=&sid=20100826214621-5659&product_id=14&location_id=17&period_filter=any |date=11 June 2011 }}. Stagecoach Bus. Retrieved 24 August 2011.</ref>

[[Coach (vehicle)|Coach]] services running through Sheffield are operated by [[National Express Coaches|National Express]] and to a lesser extent [[Megabus (Europe)|Megabus]] and [[Flixbus]]. National Express services call at [[Sheffield Interchange]], Meadowhall Interchange and Meadowhead Bus Stop. Megabus and Flixbus services only call at Meadowhall. National Express services 564, 560, 350, 320, 310 and 240 call at Sheffield, as do others on a less frequent basis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalexpress.com/destinations/timetables.cfm |title=Coach Timetables for National Express |date=March 2010 |work=National Express Coaches |publisher=National Express |format=PDF |access-date=26 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516025758/http://www.nationalexpress.com/destinations/timetables.cfm |archive-date=16 May 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The 560/564 service is a direct connection to London [[Victoria Coach Station]] via Chesterfield and [[Milton Keynes Coachway|Milton Keynes]], operating 12 times a day in both directions. The 350 and 240 services connect Sheffield to [[Manchester Airport]] and [[Heathrow]]/[[Gatwick]] Airports, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carlberry.co.uk/rfnshowr.asp?RN=NX350B |title=Coach Timetables for National Express 350 service |date=March 2010 |work=Carlberry |access-date=26 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912001805/http://www.carlberry.co.uk/rfnshowr.asp?RN=NX350B |archive-date=12 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Two Megabus services, the M12 and M20, call at Sheffield en route to London from [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] and [[Inverness]], respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.carlberry.co.uk/rfnlistr.asp?O=MEGA |title=List Transport Services |publisher=Carlberry.co.uk |access-date=3 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213302/http://www.carlberry.co.uk/rfnlistr.asp?O=MEGA |archive-date=4 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Although hilly, Sheffield is compact and has few major trunk roads, therefore [[cycling in South Yorkshire|cycling in Sheffield]] is a popular method of transport. It is on the [[Trans-Pennine Trail]], a [[National Cycle Network]] route running from west to east from [[Southport]] in Merseyside to [[Hornsea]] in the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] and north to south from [[Leeds]] in West Yorkshire to [[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]] in Derbyshire.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transpenninetrail.org.uk/ |title=Welcome to the Trans Pennine Trail – Home Page |publisher=Trans Pennine Trail |access-date=7 August 2009 |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516175804/http://www.transpenninetrail.org.uk/ |archive-date=16 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> There are many cycle routes going along country paths in the woods surrounding the city, and an increasing number of cycle lanes in the city itself.

===Trams, trains and tramtrains===
[[File:Sheffield Station 2022.jpg|thumb|[[Sheffield station]]]]
[[File:Meadowhall - Interchange and Don Footbridge.jpg|thumb|left|[[Meadowhall Interchange]], a combined bus, coach, rail and tram interchange]]

Train services in Sheffield are operated by [[East Midlands Railway]], [[CrossCountry]], [[TransPennine Express]] and [[Northern Trains|Northern]]. Major railway routes through [[Sheffield station]] include the [[Midland Main Line]] (to London via the East Midlands), the [[Cross Country Route]] (which runs between eastern Scotland and south-west England) and the lines linking Liverpool and Manchester with {{rws|Hull}} and [[East Anglia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/passenger_services/maps/trainoperators.pdf |title=2010 Great Britain National Rail Train Operators |date=May 2009 |work=Network Rail website |publisher=Network Rail |access-date=15 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214201324/http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/passenger_services/maps/trainoperators.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> With the redevelopment of [[St Pancras railway station|London St Pancras]] completed, Sheffield has a direct connection to [[continental Europe]], via the [[East Midlands Railway]], to St Pancras and the [[Eurostar]] to France and Belgium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurostar.com/uk-en/travel-info/your-trip/onward-connection/connecting-in-london |title=Travel information |publisher=Eurostar |access-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208004906/http://www.eurostar.com/uk-en/travel-info/your-trip/onward-connection/connecting-in-london |archive-date=8 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Midlands Railway also operates three premium trains: the ''[[Master Cutler (train)|Master Cutler]]'', the ''[[Sheffield Continental]]'' and the ''[[South Yorkshireman]]''.

[[High Speed 2]] had been planned to serve a city centre station in Sheffield as a spur from the main eastern HS2 line. It was scheduled to be operational by 2033, with four trains an hour, reducing journey times to London and Birmingham to 1 hour 19 minutes and 48 minutes, respectively.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-41277560 |title=HS2 'may disrupt city travel for years' |date=15 September 2017 |access-date=20 December 2017 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130195338/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-41277560 |archive-date=30 November 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2021, the UK government published the ''Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands'' which announced HS2's eastern spur route (between the East Midlands and Leeds, including Sheffield) had been cancelled. The document announced upgrades to the Midland Mainline, with HS2 trains able to run on this upgraded and electrified route.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1034576/integrated-rail-plan-for-the-north-and-midlands-web-version.pdf |title=Integrated Rail Plan for the North and Midlands |date=November 2021 |work=Department for Transport |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120010733/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1034576/integrated-rail-plan-for-the-north-and-midlands-web-version.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are several local rail routes running along the city's valleys and beyond, connecting it with other parts of [[South Yorkshire]], [[West Yorkshire]], [[Nottinghamshire]], [[Lincolnshire]] and [[Derbyshire]]. These local routes include the [[Penistone Line]], the [[Dearne Valley Line]], the [[Hope Valley Line]] and the [[Hallam Line]]. As well as the main stations of [[Sheffield railway station|Sheffield]] and Meadowhall, there are five suburban stations at [[Chapeltown railway station|Chapeltown]], [[Darnall railway station|Darnall]], [[Woodhouse railway station|Woodhouse]] and [[Dore & Totley railway station|Dore & Totley]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/css/NetworkRail_LiverpoolLeedsManchesterSheffieldmap.pdf |title=Liverpool, Leeds, Manchester, Sheffield rail map |work=National Rail Enquiries |publisher=ATOC Limited |access-date=13 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016080739/http://www.nationalrail.co.uk/css/NetworkRail_LiverpoolLeedsManchesterSheffieldmap.pdf |archive-date=16 October 2013}}</ref> As part of improvements to rail services along the Hope Valley Line between Sheffield and Manchester, a new platform, station facilities and track are being built at Dore & Totley Station with the expanded station due to open in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/transport/picture-shows-work-to-speed-up-sheffield-to-manchester-trains-is-underway-3611856 |title=Picture shows work to speed up Sheffield to Manchester trains is underway |work=The Star |access-date=18 June 2022 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707180652/http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/transport/picture-shows-work-to-speed-up-sheffield-to-manchester-trains-is-underway-3611856 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Sheffield Supertram - Tram Train 399 204 (geograph 5940823).jpg|thumb|alt=A Sheffield Supertram in current blue, orange and red Stagecoach livery. |A [[Sheffield Supertram]]]]
The [[Sheffield Supertram]] (not derived from the [[Sheffield Tramway|previous tramways]]), opened in 1994 and was operated by [[Stagecoach Group|Stagecoach]]. The opening was shortly after the similar [[Manchester Metrolink|Metrolink]] scheme in Greater Manchester. The Supertram network consists of {{cvt|37|mi}} of track and four lines (with all lines running via the city centre): from Halfway to [[Malin Bridge]] (Blue Line), from Meadowhall to [[Middlewood, South Yorkshire|Middlewood]] (Yellow Line), from Cathedral to [[Herdings Park]] (Purple Line),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supertram.net/about.html |title=About Us |work=Stagecoach Supertram website |publisher=Stagecoach Group |access-date=19 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090704091815/http://www.supertram.net/about.html |archive-date=4 July 2009}}</ref> and the from [[Sheffield Cathedral|Cathedral]] to [[Rotherham Parkgate tram stop|Rotherham Parkgate]] (Black Line). The system contains both on-street and segregated running, depending upon the section and line. The Black Line opened in 2018,<ref>{{cite web |title=Almost three years late and at five times the original cost – Sheffield to Rotherham tram-train finally welcomes passengers |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/transport/almost-three-years-late-and-at-five-times-the-original-cost-sheffield-to-rotherham-tram-train-finally-welcomes-passengers-1-9413564 |work=The Star |date=25 October 2018 |access-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026143206/https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/transport/almost-three-years-late-and-at-five-times-the-original-cost-sheffield-to-rotherham-tram-train-finally-welcomes-passengers-1-9413564 |archive-date=26 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> with ''tram-trains''; these are trams that are able to share a line with conventional heavy rail trains between Sheffield and Rotherham.

In March 2024, control of the network passed to the [[South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Walsh |first=David |title=Supertram Sheffield: Vital network back in public hands with mayor promising to improve services |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/business/supertram-network-back-in-public-hands-with-mayor-promising-to-improve-services-4564264 |website=Sheffield Star |date=22 March 2024 |publisher=National World Publishing Ltd. |access-date=22 March 2024}}</ref>

===Canal===
[[File:Victoria Quays - Sheffield.jpg|thumb|alt=Victoria Quays, Sheffield Canal |[[Victoria Quays]]]]

The [[Sheffield & South Yorkshire Navigation]] (S&SY) is a system of navigable inland waterways ([[canal]]s and canalised rivers) in Yorkshire and [[Lincolnshire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.waterscape.com/canals-and-rivers/sheffield-and-south-yorkshire-navigation/history |title=History of the Sheffield & South Yorkshire Navigation |work=waterscape |publisher=British Waterways |access-date=21 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803071812/http://www.waterscape.com/canals-and-rivers/sheffield-and-south-yorkshire-navigation/history |archive-date=3 August 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Chiefly based on the [[River Don, South Yorkshire|River Don]], it runs for a length of {{cvt|43|mi}} and has 29&nbsp;[[canal lock|locks]]. It connects Sheffield, [[Rotherham]] and [[Doncaster]] with the [[River Trent]] at [[Keadby]] and (via the [[New Junction Canal]]) the [[Aire & Calder Navigation]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Lewis&nbsp;A. |title=Inland Waterways of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |publisher=Read Books |year=2007 |pages=269–273 |chapter=Sheffield & South Yorkshire Navigation |isbn=978-1-4067-1470-8}}</ref> The terminus of the canal is at [[Victoria Quays]], a redevelopment mixed-used area adjacent to Park Square in Sheffield City Centre.

===Air===
The closest airports are in [[Leeds Bradford Airport|Leeds Bradford]], [[Humberside Airport|Humberside]], [[East Midlands Airport|East Midlands]] (within an hour's drive of the city), [[Manchester Airport|Manchester]] (hourly direct service by [[TransPennine Express]]).

Due to the topographical nature of the city, Sheffield was not served by its own airport. In May 1990, [[Sheffield Development Corporation]] entered into an agreement with A. F. Budge (Mining) Ltd for the construction and operation of the airport and the development of adjacent land. In 1997, [[Sheffield City Airport]] was opened on land close to the M1 and the Sheffield Parkway. The airport was operated on STOLPORT model similar to [[London City Airport]] and operated a limited range of short range business focused flights to destinations in the [[British Isles]] and the [[Netherlands]]. The airport fell into decline with the growth of low cost airlines in the late 1990s and the last scheduled flight took place in 2002. The airport closed and lost its [[Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)|Civil Aviation Authority]] license in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/our-towns-and-cities/sheffield/retro-the-rise-and-fall-of-sheffield-airport-1-7797521 |title=RETRO: The rise and fall of Sheffield Airport |work=The Star |access-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020223802/https://www.thestar.co.uk/our-towns-and-cities/sheffield/retro-the-rise-and-fall-of-sheffield-airport-1-7797521 |archive-date=20 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Doncaster Sheffield Airport]] (also known as Robin Hood Airport) then became the closest international airport to Sheffield, located {{cvt|18|mi}} from the city centre. It opened on 28 April 2005 on the former [[RAF Finningley]] site and was served mainly by charter and budget airlines, with about one million passengers a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.robinhoodairport.com/media-centre/background-information.html |title=Robin Hood Airport Background Information |work=Robin Hood Airport website |publisher=Robin Hood Airport |access-date=21 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223125527/http://www.robinhoodairport.com/media-centre/background-information.html |archive-date=23 December 2010}}</ref> Destinations had included the Canary Islands, Balearics, Greece, Turkey, Poland and the Baltic countries with [[TUI Airways]] and [[Wizz Air]] operating from the airport. A link road, called the Great Yorkshire Way, connects Doncaster Sheffield Airport to the M18 motorway, reducing the journey time from Sheffield city centre from 40 to 25 minutes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doncaster.gov.uk/FARRRS |title=Great Yorkshire Way – driving jobs and growth |website=Doncaster Council |access-date=2 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504221115/http://www.doncaster.gov.uk/farrrs |archive-date=4 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The airport closed in 2022. In June 2023 South Yorkshire's mayor [[Oliver Coppard]] handed Doncaster council £3.1&nbsp;million to help the council build a case for legal action in pursuit of a compulsory purchase order, which it believes will cost up to £6.25&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 April 2023 |title=Doncaster Sheffield Airport: Council sets aside money to reopen closed airport |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-65256550 |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2022 |title=Doncaster Sheffield Airport to close despite financial lifeline offer |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-63033676 |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2023 |title=Council launches Doncaster Sheffield Airport investor search |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-66065390 |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref>