Editing Saab JAS 39 Gripen (section)

==Variants==
[[File:2006JASGripen3JM.jpg|thumb|Swedish Air Force Gripen C taxiing in after display, Farnborough 2006|alt=Jet aircraft taxiing against a background of a shed and green trees]]

* '''Gripen A, or JAS 39A''': initial single seat version that entered service with the [[Swedish Air Force]] in 1996. A number have been upgraded to the C standard or been converted to 39D at a 2:1 ratio.<ref name=e24>{{Cite news |url= http://www.e24.se/business/verkstadsindustri/klart-for-nya-super-gripen_38201.e24 |title= Klart för nya Super-Gripen |place= Sweden |trans-title= Ready for the new Super-Gripen |language=sv|newspaper= [[E24 Näringsliv|E24]] |date= 17 April 2007 |access-date= 9 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110929224535/http://www.e24.se/business/verkstadsindustri/klart-for-nya-super-gripen_38201.e24 |archive-date= 29 September 2011}}</ref>
* '''Gripen B, or JAS 39B''': two-seat version of the 39A for training, specialised missions and [[Flight training#Ratings|aircraft type conversion]].<ref>{{Citation |title= Gripen Multi role fighter |year= 2014 |url= http://www.saabgroup.com/Templates/Public/Pages/PrintAllTabs.aspx?pageId=1054 |publisher= Saab |access-date= 17 February 2014 |quote= A two-seat version of the Gripen, which retains the full operational capability of the single-seater, is also available for tactical weapons training, more specialised missions and type conversion. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140223023641/http://www.saabgroup.com/Templates/Public/Pages/PrintAllTabs.aspx?pageId=1054 |archive-date= 23 February 2014}}</ref> To fit the second crew member and life support systems, the internal cannon and an internal fuel tank were removed and the airframe lengthened 0.66&nbsp;m (2&nbsp;ft 2&nbsp;in).{{Sfn|Williams|2003|p= 88}}
* '''Gripen C, or JAS 39C''': NATO-compatible single seat version with extended capabilities in terms of armament, electronics, etc. Can be refuelled in flight.<ref>{{harvnb|Eliasson|2010|p= [https://books.google.com/books?id=ISgwc1BGN40C&pg=PA256 256]}}: '…this involved modifying the JAS 39 Gripen aircraft to NATO standards and for in‐flight refuelling.'</ref> Variant was first deliveried on 6 September 2002.<ref name="Milestones"/> The Thai designation for this variant is '''B.Kh.20'''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Thai Military Aircraft Designations |url=https://designation-systems.net/non-us/thailand.html |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=designation-systems.net}}</ref>
[[File:Royal Thai Air Force Jas-39 D.jpg|thumb|Royal Thai Air Force Gripen D, 2016]]
* '''Gripen D, or JAS 39D''': two-seat version of the JAS 39C, with similar alterations as the JAS 39B.{{Sfn|Eliasson|2010|p= 256}} The Thai designation for this variant is '''B.Kh.20A'''.<ref name=":2" />
* '''Gripen NG''': Follow-on to the ''Gripen Demo'' technology demonstrator.<ref name=gripen_demo /> Changes from the JAS 39C include the more powerful F414G engine, Raven ES-05 AESA radar, increased fuel capacity and payload, and two additional hardpoints.<ref name=FI_Saab_reveals_Demo /><ref name=NG_capabilities/> These improvements reportedly increased operational costs to an estimated 24,000 Swiss Francs (US$27,000) per hour,<ref>{{Citation |first= Beni |last= Gafner |date= 26 September 2012 |newspaper=[[Berner Zeitung]] |trans-title= Switzerland gets converted occasion Gripens |url= http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/schweiz/standard/Die-Schweiz-erhaelt-umgebaute-OccasionsGripen/story/18471087 |language=de |place= [[Bern]], [[Canton of Bern|BE]], CH |title= Die Schweiz erhaelt umgebaute Occasions Gripen}}</ref> and the flyaway cost to 100 million Swiss Francs (US$113M).<ref>{{Citation |url= http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3601869.ece |language= sv |trans-title= Swedish Gripen E allegedly more expensive than the Swiss one |title= Svensk Gripen E påstås dyrare än schweizisk |first= Monica |last= Kleja |date= 11 December 2012 |newspaper= NyTeknik |place= SE |access-date= 9 May 2014 |archive-date= 1 April 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170401235202/http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/fordon_motor/flygplan/article3601869.ece |url-status= dead}}</ref>
[[File:23_10_2020_Comemoração_do_Dia_do_Aviador_e_da_Força_Aérea_Brasileira_(50521157591).jpg|thumb|Brazilian Air Force F-39E Gripen, 2020]]
* '''Gripen E, or JAS 39E''': single-seat production version developed from the Gripen NG program, priced at US$85 million per unit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/saab-f-35-competitor-gripen-e-2016-7 |title=Saab just unveiled its attempt to outdo the F-35 |first=Orvelin |last= Valle |website=Business Insider |access-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> Sweden and Brazil have ordered the variant.<ref name="e order"/><ref name="en.europeonline-magazine.eu" /><ref name=Flightglobal_Brazil /> Brazil's designation for this variant is '''F-39E'''.<ref name=FG_F-39_designation/><ref name=Embraer_F-39_designation>{{Citation |year=2015 |title=Annual Report 2015 |publisher=Embraer |page=42 |url=http://www.embraer.com/Documents/Relatorio-Anual/Embraer%20Annual%20Report%202015_English.pdf |access-date=3 September 2016 |archive-date=3 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003162811/http://www.embraer.com/Documents/Relatorio-Anual/Embraer%20Annual%20Report%202015_English.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* '''Gripen F, or JAS 39F''': two-seat version of the JAS 39E. Eight ordered by Brazil,<ref name=SaabBR/> to be developed locally and assembled in [[Gavião Peixoto]], [[Brazil]];<ref>{{cite web |last= Coelho |first= Janet Tappin |title= Saab confirms twin seat Gripen F development for Brazil |url= http://www.janes.com/article/33428/saab-confirms-twin-seat-gripen-f-development-for-brazil |place= Rio de Janeiro |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date= 4 February 2014 |via=IHS Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140309040226/http://www.janes.com/article/33428/saab-confirms-twin-seat-gripen-f-development-for-brazil |archive-date=9 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> planned for pilot training and combat, being optimized for back seat air battle management, with jamming, [[information warfare]] and network attack, besides weapon system officer and electronic warfare roles.<ref>{{Citation |contribution= Top Stories So Far: Some Things You Ought to Know About Gripen NG |date= 16 July 2015 |title= Gripen, the wings of your nation |publisher= Saab |format= official [[World Wide Web]] log |access-date= 16 July 2015 |url= http://www.gripenblogs.com/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=1d32d33f%2D2d8a%2D4254%2Dba7e%2D7f020e980176&ID=1217&Web=f4e358e9%2D9737%2D43b1%2Db2f9%2Dc11c7b4ca9fa |quote= A two-seater version of Gripen NG is in development and will be used for both pilot training and combat missions. For the combat role, this version will be optimised to enable air battle management from the back seat, including jamming, information warfare and network attack capabilities. Weapon System Officer (WSO) and EW roles can also be facilitated from this position.}}</ref> Brazil's designation for the variant is '''F-39F'''.<ref name=FG_F-39_designation/><ref name=Embraer_F-39_designation/>

===Upgrades===
Gripen aircraft are continually upgraded with hardware and software. Configurations are known as MS## or Materialsystem ##. Configurations are further subdivided in blocks.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/siteassets/2-om-forsvarsmakten/dokument/arsredovisningar/arsredovisning-2024/forsvarsmaktens-arsredovisning-2024-bilaga-1-2-och-5.pdf |title= Försvarsmaktens årsredovisning 2024 Bilaga 2. |date= 25 February 2025}}</ref>

Examples are:

Gripen C/D
* MS20 Block 2.1: Introduced 2024
* MS20 Block 3: To be introduced 2025
* MS20 Block 4: To be introduced 2028 (system refresh, AMRAAM C8, Britecloud, [[Taurus KEPD 350]], Enhanced Performance RM12, Upgraded data link)

Gripen E
* MS21 Initial Air to Air version to be introduced 2025
* MS22 Air to Ground version
* MS23 Enhanced Version (link 16 upgrade, AMRAAM C8, [[Taurus KEPD 350]], GPS M-Code)
* IOC (Initial Operational Capability) 2027
* FOC (Full Operational Capability) 2030

===Proposals===
* '''Gripen Aggressor''': 'red team' weaponless variant of the Gripen C & possibly D<ref>{{cite web |quote= The Gripen Aggressor is essentially a newbuild Gripen C that has had its offensive weapons capability (including the internal cannon) removed. While it is currently modelled on the single-seat Gripen C, Smith noted that a twin-seat Gripen D version could be offered if a customer requested it. |url= http://www.janes.com/article/73993/dsei-2017-saab-presents-new-gripen-aggressor |title= DSEI 2017: Saab presents new Gripen Aggressor |first= Gareth |last= Jennings |work= IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |date= 14 September 2017 |access-date= 21 December 2018 |via=Jane's 360 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180429001443/http://www.janes.com/article/73993/dsei-2017-saab-presents-new-gripen-aggressor |archive-date= 29 April 2018 |url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.saab.com/globalassets/products/aeronautics/gripen-c-series/20190219_aggressor-v18-final.pdf |title=Gripen Aggressor for the US, Train like you fight | publisher = Saab |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210318190220/https://www.saab.com/globalassets/products/aeronautics/gripen-c-series/20190219_aggressor-v18-final.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> intended for the UK's [[Air Support to Defence Operational Training]] (ASDOT) requirement, and part of the US Air Force's adversary air (AdAir) opportunity.<ref>{{cite web |title= Gripen Aggressor targets UK, US requirements |date= 12 September 2017 |work= FlightGlobal |first= Craig |last= Hoyle |place= London |quote= Saab has launched a new derivative of its Gripen C, which it believes is ideally suited to meeting the future adversary training needs of the UK and USA |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gripen-aggressor-targets-uk-us-requirements-441052/}}</ref>
* '''Gripen Maritime''': proposed [[Carrier-based aircraft|carrier-based]] version based on the Gripen E.<ref>{{cite web |title= Gripen M In Brief |url=http://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/pdf-files-download-section/facts/gripen_m_factsheet.pdf |publisher= Saab |access-date= 26 July 2017 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170726145323/http://saab.com/globalassets/commercial/air/gripen-fighter-system/pdf-files-download-section/facts/gripen_m_factsheet.pdf |archive-date= 26 July 2017 |date= April 2017}}</ref><ref name= naval_Gripen>{{cite web |url= http://www.stratpost.com/saab-offers-naval-gripen-to-india |title= Saab offers naval Gripen to India |work= Strat Post |date= 28 December 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130523034409/http://www.stratpost.com/saab-offers-naval-gripen-to-india |archive-date= 23 May 2013 |access-date= 23 March 2010}}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, its development was underway.<ref name= sea_gripen_1411 /> {{As of|2013}}, Brazil and India<ref name=Jennings-2013/> were interested. This variant has also been named ''Sea Gripen''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |place=London |date= 15 March 2017 |url= http://www.janes.com/article/68734/saab-shifts-gripen-m-focus-from-brazil-to-india |title= Saab shifts Gripen M focus from Brazil to India |work= IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=IHS Jane's 360 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170325211840/http://www.janes.com/article/68734/saab-shifts-gripen-m-focus-from-brazil-to-india |archive-date= 25 March 2017}}</ref> In July 2017, the Brazilian Navy began studying the Gripen Maritime for naval purposes and is looking to replace its fleet of [[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk|Douglas A-4KU Skyhawk II]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barreira |first= Victor |date=20 July 2017 |title= Brazilian Navy makes moves towards potential new Gripen maritime fighters |url= http://www.janes.com/article/72490/ |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |via=Jane's 360 |access-date=26 July 2017 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://archive.today/20170726145218/http://www.janes.com/article/72490/ |archive-date= 26 July 2017}}</ref>
* '''Gripen UCAV''': proposed unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) variant of the Gripen E.<ref name="UAV" />
* '''Gripen EA''': proposed [[electronic warfare]] (EW) or Electronic Attack variant of the Gripen F.{{Sfn|Mader|2015 |ps=: 'One of the ideas, once we have that F-model […] is that the future market will need a dedicated electronic-attack version…'}}