Editing Romeo and Juliet (section)

===Music===
{{quote box|<poem>
"Romeo loved Juliet
Juliet, she felt the same
When he put his arms around her
He said Julie, baby, you're my flame
Thou givest fever&nbsp;..."
</poem>|—[[Peggy Lee]]'s rendition of "[[Fever (1956 song)|Fever]]"{{sfn|Buhler|2007|p=156}}{{sfn|Sanders|2007|p=187}}
}}

At least 24 operas have been based on ''Romeo and Juliet''.{{sfn|Meyer|1968|pp=38}} The earliest, ''[[Romeo und Julie]]'' in 1776, a [[Singspiel]] by [[Georg Benda]], omits much of the action of the play and most of its characters and has a happy ending. It is occasionally revived. The best-known is [[Charles Gounod|Gounod]]'s 1867 ''[[Roméo et Juliette]]'' (libretto by [[Jules Barbier]] and [[Michel Carré]]), a critical triumph when first performed and frequently revived today.{{sfn|Huebner|2002}}{{sfn|Holden|1993|p=393}} [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini's]] ''[[I Capuleti e i Montecchi]]'' is also revived from time to time, but has sometimes been judged unfavourably because of its perceived liberties with Shakespeare; however, Bellini and his librettist, [[Felice Romani]], worked from Italian sources—principally Romani's libretto for ''[[Giulietta e Romeo (Vaccai)|Giulietta e Romeo]]'' by [[Nicola Vaccai]]—rather than directly adapting Shakespeare's play.{{sfn|Collins|1982|pp=532–38}} Among later operas, there is [[Heinrich Sutermeister]]'s 1940 work ''[[Romeo und Julia]]''{{sfn|Levi|2002}} and [[Pascal Dusapin]]'s first opera {{ill|Roméo et Juliette (Dusapin)|lt=Roméo et Juliette|italic=yes|fr}} on a libretto by [[Olivier Cadiot]] (1988).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakespeare and Opera {{!}} Music, Plays & Adaptations {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shakespeare-and-Opera-1369569 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

''[[Roméo et Juliette (symphony)|Roméo et Juliette]]'' by [[Hector Berlioz|Berlioz]] is a "symphonie dramatique", a large-scale work in three parts for mixed voices, chorus, and orchestra, which premiered in 1839.{{sfn|Sanders|2007|pp=43–45}} [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]]'s [[Romeo and Juliet (Tchaikovsky)|''Romeo and Juliet'' Fantasy-Overture]] (1869, revised 1870 and 1880) is a 20-minute [[symphonic poem]], containing the famous melody known as the "love theme".{{sfn|Stites|1995|p=5}} Tchaikovsky's device of repeating the same musical theme at the ball, in the balcony scene, in Juliet's bedroom and in the tomb<ref>''Romeo and Juliet'', I.v, II.ii, III.v, V.iii.</ref> has been used by subsequent directors: for example, [[Nino Rota]]'s love theme is used in a similar way in the 1968 film of the play, as is [[Des'ree]]'s "[[Kissing You (Des'ree song)|Kissing You]]" in the 1996 film.{{sfn|Sanders|2007|pp=42–43}} Other classical composers influenced by the play include [[Henry Hugh Pearson]] (''Romeo and Juliet, overture for orchestra'', Op. 86), [[Johan Svendsen|Svendsen]] (''Romeo og Julie'', 1876), [[Frederick Delius|Delius]] (''[[A Village Romeo and Juliet]]'', 1899–1901), [[Wilhelm Stenhammar|Stenhammar]] (''Romeo och Julia'', 1922), and [[Dmitri Kabalevsky|Kabalevsky]] (''Incidental Music to Romeo and Juliet'', Op. 56, 1956).{{sfn|Sanders|2007|p=42}}

The play influenced several [[jazz]] works, including [[Peggy Lee]]'s "[[Fever (1956 song)|Fever]]".{{sfn|Sanders|2007|p=187}} [[Duke Ellington]]'s ''[[Such Sweet Thunder]]'' contains a piece entitled "The Star-Crossed Lovers"<ref>''Romeo and Juliet'', I.0.6.</ref> in which the pair are represented by tenor and alto saxophones: critics noted that Juliet's sax dominates the piece, rather than offering an image of equality.{{sfn|Sanders|2007|p=20}} The play has frequently influenced [[popular music]], including works by [[The Supremes]], [[Bruce Springsteen]], [[Tom Waits]], [[Lou Reed]],{{sfn|Sanders|2007|p=187–88}} and [[Taylor Swift]].{{sfn|Swift|2009}} The most famous such track is [[Dire Straits]]' "[[Romeo and Juliet (Dire Straits song)|Romeo and Juliet]]".{{sfn|Buhler|2007|p=157}}

The most famous musical theatre adaptation is ''[[West Side Story]]'' with music by [[Leonard Bernstein]] and lyrics by [[Stephen Sondheim]]. It débuted on Broadway in 1957 and in the West End in 1958 and was twice adapted as popular films in [[West Side Story (1961 film)|1961]] and in [[West Side Story (2021 film)|2021]]. This version updated the setting to mid-20th-century New York City and the warring families to ethnic gangs.{{sfn|Sanders|2007|pp=75–76}} Other musical adaptations include [[Terrence Mann]]'s 1999 rock musical ''William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet'', co-written with Jerome Korman;{{sfn|Ehren|1999}} Gérard Presgurvic's 2001 ''[[Roméo et Juliette, de la Haine à l'Amour]]''; [[Riccardo Cocciante]]'s 2007 ''[[Giulietta e Romeo (musical)|Giulietta & Romeo]]''{{sfn|Arafay|2005|p=186}} and [[Johan Christher Schütz]]; and Johan Petterssons's 2013 adaptation ''Carnival Tale ([[:sv:Tivolisaga|Tivolisaga]])'', which takes place at a travelling carnival.<ref>Review from NT: {{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/jcschutz/photos/a.528350423902821/528350467236150/?type=3&theater|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618205504/https://www.facebook.com/jcschutz/photos/a.528350423902821/528350467236150/?type=3&theater|archive-date=2020-06-18|title=Den fina recensionen i NT :) Skriver... - Johan Christher Schütz {{!}} Facebook| website=[[Facebook]] }}</ref>