Editing Romansh language (section)

=== Morphosyntax ===
Apart from vocabulary, the influence of German is noticeable in grammatical constructions, which are sometimes closer to German than to other Romance languages.

For instance, Romansh is the only Romance language in which [[indirect speech]] is formed using the [[subjunctive mood]], as in Sursilvan {{lang|rm|El di ch'el seigi malsauns}}, Putèr {{lang|rm|El disch ch'el saja amalo}}, "He says that he is sick", as compared to Italian {{lang|it|Dice che è malato}} or French {{lang|fr|Il dit qu'il est malade}}. Ricarda Liver attributes this to the influence of German.{{sfn|Liver|2009|p=137}} Limited to Sursilvan is the insertion of entire phrases between auxiliary verbs and participles as in {{lang|rm|Cun Mariano Tschuor ha Augustin Beeli discurriu}} "Mariano Tschuor has spoken with Augustin Beeli" as compared to Engadinese {{lang|rm|Cun Rudolf Gasser ha discurrü Gion Peider Mischol}} "Rudolf Gasser has spoken with Gion Peider Mischol".{{sfn|Liver|2009|p=138}}

In contemporary spoken language, adjective forms are often not distinguished from adverbs, as in Sursilvan {{lang|rm|Jeu mon direct}} "I am going directly", rather than {{lang|rm|Jeu mon directamein}}. This usage is rare in most other Romance languages with a few sporadic exceptions as in French {{lang|fr|parler haut}} or Italian {{lang|it|vosà fort}} "speak aloud", and the common usage in colloquial Romansh is likely an influence from German.{{sfn|Liver|2009|p=137}}

Especially noticeable and often criticized by language purists are particles such as {{lang|rm|aber}}, {{lang|rm|schon}}, {{lang|rm|halt}}, {{lang|rm|grad}}, {{lang|rm|eba}}, or {{lang|rm|zuar}}, which have become an integral part of everyday Romansh speech, especially in Sursilvan.{{sfn|Liver|2009|p=145}}

Negation was originally formed by a double negative in all Romansh dialects. Today, this usage is limited to Surmiran as in {{lang|rm|ia na sa betg}} "I do not know" (it has also been included in panregional Rumantsch Grischun). While the first particle was lost in Sursilvan, where negation is now formed only with {{lang|rm|buc}} as in {{lang|rm|jeu sai buc}}, the Ladin varieties lost the second particle {{lang|rm|brich(a)}}, apparently under the influence of Italian, as in Putér {{lang|rm|eau nu se}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Uffer |first=Leza |year=1948 |title=La Negaziun an Rumantsch-Surmeir: cuntribuziun agls studis da morfologia e sintaxa digl lungatg rumantsch |journal=Annalas da la Societad Retorumantscha |page=93 |doi=10.5169/seals-216932}}</ref>