Editing Punjab (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Punjabis}}

===Languages===
{{See also|Punjab Province (British India)#1931_Language_Census|Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjab, Pakistan#language}}
[[File:Mother Tongue by Pakistani District - 2017 Census.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.6|
<div style="text-align: center">The dominant [[mother tongue]] in each [[District of Pakistan]], according to the [[2017 Pakistan Census]]</div>]]
The major language is [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], which is written in India with the [[Gurmukhi]] script, and in Pakistan using the [[Shahmukhi]] script.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm|title=Punjabi language, alphabets and pronunciation|access-date=13 April 2020|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101213732/http://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The Punjabi language has official status and is widely used in education and administration in Indian Punjab, whereas in Pakistani Punjab these roles are instead fulfilled by the [[Urdu]] language.

Several languages closely related to Punjabi are spoken in the various parts of the region. [[Dogri language|Dogri]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogri |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Dogri/Dogri.html |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=lisindia.ciil.org |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023902/http://lisindia.ciil.org/Dogri/Dogri.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kangri language|Kangri]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language {{!}} District Kangra, Government of Himachal Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://hpkangra.nic.in/language/ |access-date=2022-08-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816202002/https://hpkangra.nic.in/language/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and other [[western Pahari]] dialects are spoken in the north-central and northeastern parts of the region, while [[Bagri language|Bagri]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2013 |title=Bagri of Rajasthan, Punjab, and Haryana: A Sociolinguistic Survey |url=https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/43105 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=SIL International |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606040411/https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/43105 |url-status=live }}</ref> is spoken in south-central and southeastern sections. Meanwhile, [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]] is generally spoken across a wide belt covering the southwest, while in the northwest there are large pockets containing speakers of [[Hindko]] and [[Pothwari language|Pothwari]].{{sfn|Shackle|1979|p=198}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Linguistic demographics of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]]
! rowspan="2" |[[First language|Language]]
! colspan="1" |Percentage
|-
!1911<ref name="punjab1911" />{{rp|370}}
|-
! [[Punjabi dialects and languages|Punjabi]]{{efn|[[Standard Punjabi]]: 58.34%<br />[[Lahnda]]:{{efn|name=lahnda|Western Punjabi languages and dialects including [[Saraiki language|Saraiki]], [[Hindko]] and [[Pahari-Pothwari]], and other related languages or dialects}} 17.59%}}
| 75.93%
|-
! [[Western Hindi]]{{efn|name=westernhindi|Including [[Hindustani language|Hindustani]] ([[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]]), [[Braj Bhasha]], [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]], and other related languages or dialects}}
| 15.82%
|-
! [[Western Pahari]]
| 4.11%
|-
! [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]]
| 3.0%
|-
! [[Balochi language|Balochi]]
| 0.29%
|-
! [[Pashto]]
| 0.28%
|-
! English
| 0.15%
|-
! Other
| 0.42%
|}

=== Religions ===
{{Main|Religion in the Punjab}}

==== Background ====
[[File:1500-1200 BCE Rigveda, manuscript page sample i, Mandala 1, Hymn 1 (Sukta 1), Adhyaya 1, lines 1.1.1 to 1.1.9, Sanskrit, Devanagari.jpg|thumb|[[Rig Veda]], the oldest known Hindu text, originated in the Punjab region.]]

[[Hinduism]] is the oldest of the religions practised by Punjabi people, however, the term ''Hindu'' was also applied over a vast territory with much regional diversity.<ref name="Nayar12">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA7 |title=The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism |date=2012 |page=7 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-4070-5 |language=en}}</ref> The [[historical Vedic religion]] constituted the religious ideas and practices in the Punjab during the [[Vedic period]] ({{BCE|1500–500}}), centered primarily in the worship of [[Indra]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wheeler |first=James Talboys |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSFGIqjWG14C&q=punjab |title=The History of India from the Earliest Ages: Hindu Buddhist Brahmanical revival |date=1874 |publisher=N. Trübner |page=330 |language=en |quote=The Punjab, to say the least, was less Brahmanical. It was an ancient centre of the worship of Indra, who was always regarded as an enemy by the Bráhmans; and it was also a stronghold of Buddhism. |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003135341/https://books.google.com/books?id=xSFGIqjWG14C&q=punjab |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hunter |first=W. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vdv7AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 |title=The Indian Empire: Its People, History and Products |date=2013-11-05 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-38301-4 |page=80 |language=en |quote=In the settlements of the Punjab, Indra thus advanced to the first place among the Vedic divinities. |access-date=9 September 2022 |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128002436/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vdv7AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Virdee |first=Pippa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |title=From the Ashes of 1947 |date=February 2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42811-8 |page=24 |language=en |quote=The Rig Veda and the Upanishads, which belonged to the Vedic religion, were a precursor of Hinduism, both of which were composed in Punjab. |access-date=30 January 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164803/https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Michaels|2004|p=38}}: "The legacy of the Vedic religion in Hinduism is generally overestimated. The influence of the mythology is indeed great, but the religious terminology changed considerably: all the key terms of Hinduism either do not exist in Vedic or have a completely different meaning. The religion of the Veda does not know the ethicised migration of the soul with retribution for acts (''karma''), the cyclical destruction of the world, or the idea of salvation during one's lifetime (''jivanmukti; moksa; nirvana''); the idea of the world as illusion (''maya'') must have gone against the grain of ancient India, and an omnipotent creator god emerges only in the late hymns of the rgveda. Nor did the Vedic religion know a caste system, the burning of widows, the ban on remarriage, images of gods and temples, Puja worship, Yoga, pilgrimages, vegetarianism, the holiness of cows, the doctrine of stages of life (''asrama''), or knew them only at their inception. Thus, it is justified to see a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions."<br />{{cite web |first1=Stephanie |last1=Jamison |first2=Michael |last2=Witzel |year=1992 |title=Vedic Hinduism |url=http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/vedica.pdf |publisher=Harvard University |page=3 |access-date=5 August 2022 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413055150/http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~witzel/vedica.pdf |url-status=live }}: "... to call this period Vedic Hinduism is a contradictio in terminis since Vedic religion is very different from what we generally call Hindu religion – at least as much as Old Hebrew religion is from medieval and modern Christian religion. However, Vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism."<br />See also {{harvnb|Halbfass|1991|pp=1–2}}</ref> The bulk of the [[Rigveda]] was composed in the Punjab region between circa 1500 and 1200 BCE,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |url=https://archive.org/details/anintroductiontohinduismgavinfloodd.oupseeotherbooks_355_z/page/37/mode/2up |title=An Introduction to Hinduism |date=13 July 1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43878-0}}</ref> while later Vedic scriptures were composed more eastwards, between the [[Yamuna]] and [[Ganges]] rivers. An ancient Indian law book called the [[Manusmriti]], developed by Brahmin Hindu priests, shaped Punjabi religious life from 200 BCE onward.<ref name="Nayar">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA7 |title=The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism |date=2012 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-4070-5 |pages=7–8 |language=en}}</ref>

Later, the [[History of Buddhism in India|spread of Buddhisim]] and Jainism in the Indian subcontinent saw the growth of [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] in the Punjab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-03 |title=In ancient Punjab, religion was fluid, not watertight, says Romila Thapar |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/in-ancient-punjab-religion-was-fluid-not-watertight-says-romila-thapar-5709145/ |access-date= |website=The Indian Express |language=en |quote=Thapar said Buddhism was very popular in Punjab during the Mauryan and post-Mauryan period. Bookended between Gandhara in Taxila on the one side where Buddhism was practised on a large scale and Mathura on another side where Buddhism, Jainism and Puranic religions were practised, this religion flourished in the state. But after the Gupta period, Buddhism began to decline. |archive-date=3 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143856/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/in-ancient-punjab-religion-was-fluid-not-watertight-says-romila-thapar-5709145/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Islam]] was introduced via southern Punjab in the 8th century, becoming the majority by the 16th century, via local conversion.<ref name="oxford22">{{Cite book |last1=Rambo |first1=Lewis R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion |last2=Farhadian |first2=Charles E. |date=2014-03-06 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-971354-7 |pages=489–491 |language=en |quote=First, Islam was introduced into the southern Punjab in the opening decades of the eighth century. By the sixteenth century, Muslims were the majority in the region and an elaborate network of mosques and mausoleums marked the landscape. Local converts constituted the majority of this Muslim community, and as far for the mechanisms of conversion, the sources of the period emphasize the recitation of the Islamic confession of faith (shahada), the performance of the circumsicion (indri vaddani), and the ingestion of cow-meat (bhas khana). |access-date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082337/https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chhabra |first=G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vF9DAAAAYAAJ |title=Advanced History of the Punjab: Guru and post-Guru period upto Ranjit Singh |date=1968 |publisher=New Academic Publishing Company |page=37 |language=en |access-date=26 November 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082337/https://books.google.com/books?id=vF9DAAAAYAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> There was a small Jain community left in Punjab by the 16th century, while the Buddhist community had largely disappeared by the turn of the 10th century.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rambo |first1=Lewis R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion |last2=Farhadian |first2=Charles E. |date=2014-03-06 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-971354-7 |page=490 |language=en |quote=While Punjabi Hindu society was relatively well established, there was also a small but vibrant Jain community in the Punjab. Buddhist communities, however, had largely disappeared by the turn of the tenth century. |access-date=23 November 2021 |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927082337/https://books.google.com/books?id=U03gAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA490#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> The region became predominantly [[Muslim]] due to missionary [[Sufi]] saints whose [[dargah]]s dot the landscape of the Punjab region.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nicholls |first1=Ruth J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gdz0DwAAQBAJ&q=islam+punjab+sufi |title=Insights into Sufism: Voices from the Heart |last2=Riddell |first2=Peter G. |date=2020-07-31 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-5748-2 |language=en |quote=With the Muslim conquest of Punjab there was a flow of Sufis and other preachers who came to spread Islam. Much of the advance of Islam was due to these preachers.}}</ref>

The rise of [[Sikhism]] in the 1700s saw some Punjabis, both Hindu and Muslim, accepting the new Sikh faith.<ref name="Nayar" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Pritam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lQpswqcdDLIC&pg=PA25 |title=Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy |date=2008-02-19 |page=25 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-04946-2 |language=en}}</ref> A number of Punjabis during the [[Colonial India|colonial period of India]] became Christians, with all of these religions characterizing the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region.<ref name="Nayar" />

==== Colonial era ====
{{Main|Religion in the Punjab#Subregions}}
A number of Punjabis during the [[Colonial India|colonial period of India]] became Christians, with all of these religions characterizing the religious diversity now found in the Punjab region.<ref name="Nayar2">{{Cite book |last=Nayar |first=Kamala Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7pO-IZY218C&pg=PA7 |title=The Punjabis in British Columbia: Location, Labour, First Nations, and Multiculturalism |date=2012 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-4070-5 |pages=7–8 |language=en}}</ref> Additionally during the colonial era, the practice of [[religious syncretism]] among [[Punjabi Muslims]] and [[Punjabi Hindus]] was noted and documented by officials in census reports:
{{blockquote|{{smaller|''"In other parts of the Province, too, traces of Hindu festivals are noticeable among the Muhammadans. In the western Punjab, [[Vaisakhi|Baisakhi]], the new year's day of the Hindus, is celebrated as an agricultural festival, by all Muhammadans, by racing bullocks yoked to the well gear, with the beat of tom-toms, and large crowds gather to witness the show, The race is called Baisakhi and is a favourite pastime in the well-irrigated tracts. Then the processions of [[Ta'zieh#Ta'zīya in South Asia|Tazias]], in [[Muharram]], with the accompaniment of tom-toms, fencing parties and bands playing on flutes and other musical instruments (which is disapproved by the orthodox Muhammadans) and the establishment of [[Sebil (fountain)|Sabils]] (shelters where water and [[Sharbat (beverage)|sharbat]] are served out) are clearly influenced by similar practices at Hindu festivals, while the illuminations on occasions like the [[Mela Chiraghan|Chiraghan fair]] of [[Shalimar Gardens, Lahore|Shalamar (Lahore)]] are no doubt practices answering to the holiday-making instinct of the converted Hindus."''<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|174}}<br>''"Besides actual conversion, Islam has had a considerable influence on the Hindu religion. The sects of reformers based on a revolt from the orthodoxy of [[Varnashrama Dharma]] were obviously the outcome of the knowledge that a different religion could produce equally pious and right thinking men. Laxity in social restrictions also appeared simultaneously in various degrees and certain customs were assimilated to those of the Muhammadans. On the other hand the miraculous powers of Muhammadan saints were enough to attract the saint worshiping Hindus, to allegiance, if not to a total change of faith... The [[Punjabi Saudagaran-e-Delhi|Shamsis]] are believers in [[Shamsuddin Sabzwari|Shah Shamas Tabrez]] of [[Multan]], and follow the [[Imam]], for the time being, of the [[Isma'ilism|Ismailia]] sect of [[Shias]]... they belong mostly to the [[Sunar|Sunar caste]] and their connection with the sect is kept a secret, like Freemasonry. They pass as ordinary Hindus, but their devotion to the Imam is very strong."''<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|130}}}}
|Excerpts from the [[Census of India]] ([[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]])|1911}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Population trends for major religious groups in the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] of the [[British Raj|British India]](1881–1941)<ref name="krishan2004">{{cite journal |url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume11/no1/6_krishan.pdf |title=Demography of the Punjab (1849–1947) |first=Gopal |last=Krishan |journal=Journal of Punjab Studies |volume=11 |issue=1 |year=2004 |pages=77–89 |access-date=16 August 2022 |archive-date=9 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209003014/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_sp/files/sitefiles/journals/volume11/no1/6_krishan.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|46}}
|- style="text-align: left;"
! Religious<br/>group
! Population <br/>% 1881{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! Population <br/>% 1891
! Population <br/>% 1901{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! Population <br/>% 1911{{efn|name=Delhi|Including Delhi district, which was later made into a separate province in 1912, following [[Delhi#Colonial period|the transfer from Calcutta to Delhi as capital of India in 1911]].}}
! Population <br/>% 1921
! Population <br/>% 1931
! Population <br/>% 1941
|-
! style="background: green; color: white;"| Islam
| 47.6% || 47.8% || 49.2% || 50.8% || 51.1% || 52.4% ||53.2%
|-
! style="background: OrangeRed; color: white;"| Hinduism{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 43.8% || 43.6% || 41.8% || 36.3% || 35.1% || 31.7% || 30.1%
|-
! style="background: orange;"| Sikhism
| 8.2% || 8.2% || 8.5% || 11.9% || 12.4% || 14.3% || 14.9%
|-
! style="background: DodgerBlue; color: white;"| Christianity
| 0.1% || 0.2% || 0.3% || 0.8% || 1.3% || 1.5% || 1.5%
|-
! style="background: GreenYellow;"| Other religions / No religion
| 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2% || 0.2%
|}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref>{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128154853/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|34}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |archive-date=9 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109220619/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=3 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=17 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083309/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=4 February 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031110212/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=22 July 2022 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |year=1941 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002225000/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |url-status=live |author1=India Census Commissioner |volume=6 }}</ref>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 9,872,745
| {{Percentage | 9872745 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 12,183,345
| {{Percentage | 12183345 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 12,275,477
| {{Percentage | 12275477 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 12,813,383
| {{Percentage | 12813383 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 14,929,896
| {{Percentage | 14929896 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 18,259,744
| {{Percentage | 18259744 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931 & 1941 censuses: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 9,095,175
| {{Percentage | 9095175 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 10,344,469
| {{Percentage | 10344469 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 8,773,621
| {{Percentage | 8773621 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 8,799,651
| {{Percentage | 8799651 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 9,018,509
| {{Percentage | 9018509 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 10,336,549
| {{Percentage | 10336549 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 1,706,165
| {{Percentage | 1706165 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 2,102,896
| {{Percentage | 2102896 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 2,883,729
| {{Percentage | 2883729 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 3,107,296
| {{Percentage | 3107296 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 4,071,624
| {{Percentage | 4071624 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 5,116,185
| {{Percentage | 5116185 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 42,572
| {{Percentage | 42572 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 49,983
| {{Percentage | 49983 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 46,775
| {{Percentage | 46775 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 41,321
| {{Percentage | 41321 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 43,140
| {{Percentage | 43140 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 45,475
| {{Percentage | 45475 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 28,054
| {{Percentage | 28054 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 66,591
| {{Percentage | 66591 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 199,751
| {{Percentage | 199751 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 332,939
| {{Percentage | 332939 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 419,353
| {{Percentage | 419353 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 512,466
| {{Percentage | 512466 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 3,251
| {{Percentage | 3251 | 20748432 | 2 }}
| 6,940
| {{Percentage | 6940 | 24754737 | 2 }}
| 7,690
| {{Percentage | 7690 | 24187750 | 2 }}
| 5,912
| {{Percentage | 5912 | 25101060 | 2 }}
| 7,753
| {{Percentage | 7753 | 28490857 | 2 }}
| 854
| {{Percentage | 854 | 34309861 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 413
| {{Percentage | 413 | 20748432 | 3 }}
| 477
| {{Percentage | 477 | 24754737 | 3 }}
| 653
| {{Percentage | 653 | 24187750 | 3 }}
| 526
| {{Percentage | 526 | 25101060 | 3 }}
| 569
| {{Percentage | 569 | 28490857 | 3 }}
| 4,359
| {{Percentage | 4359 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 24
| {{Percentage | 24 | 24754737 | 4 }}
| 54
| {{Percentage | 54 | 24187750 | 4 }}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 25101060 | 4 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 28490857 | 4 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 34309861 | 4 }}
|-
! Others
| 57
| {{Percentage | 57 | 20748432 | 4 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 24754737 | 4 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 24187750 | 4 }}
| 13
| {{Percentage | 13 | 25101060 | 4 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 28490857 | 4 }}
| 34,190
| {{Percentage | 34190 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 20,748,432
! {{Percentage | 20748432 | 20748432 | 2 }}
! 24,754,737
! {{Percentage | 24754737 | 24754737 | 2 }}
! 24,187,750
! {{Percentage | 24187750 | 24187750 | 2 }}
! 25,101,060
! {{Percentage | 25101060 | 25101060 | 2 }}
! 28,490,857
! {{Percentage | 28490857 | 28490857 | 2 }}
! 34,309,861
! {{Percentage | 34309861 | 34309861 | 2 }}
|}
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in West Punjab (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/><ref name="Shakargarh1881">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35264 |access-date=7 April 2024 |title=Gazetteers Of Gurdaspur District, 1883-84 |year=1884}}</ref>{{efn|name=WestPunjab1881|1881 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), and one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1881 census data here:<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/><br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105602 |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Punjab District Gazetteers Gurdaspur District Vol.21 Statistical Tables |year=1913}}</ref>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1901|1901 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]] (inscribed as the ''[[Punjab Canal Colonies#Chenab Colony|Chenab Colony]]'' on the 1901 census), [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1901 census data here:<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1911|1911 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1911 census data here:<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1921|1921 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1921 census data here:<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1931|1931 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1931 census data here:<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=WestPunjab1941|1941 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Lahore District|Lahore]], [[Sialkot District|Sialkot]], [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Sheikhupura District|Sheikhupura]], [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]], [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]], [[Jhelum District|Jhelum]], [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]], [[Attock District|Attock]], [[Mianwali District|Mianwali]], [[Montgomery District|Montgomery]], [[Lyallpur District|Lyallpur]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Multan District|Multan]], [[Muzaffargarh District|Muzaffargargh]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District|Dera Ghazi Khan]]), one [[tehsil]] ([[Shakargarh Tehsil|Shakargarh]] – then part of [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur District]]), one [[princely state]] ([[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]), and one tract (Biloch Trans–Frontier) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the western side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1941 census data here:<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and tract would ultimately make up the subdivision of West Punjab, which also later included [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]]. The state that makes up this region in the contemporary era is [[Punjab, Pakistan]].}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 6,201,859
|{{Percentage | 6201859 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 7,951,155
|{{Percentage | 7951155 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 8,494,314
|{{Percentage | 8494314 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 8,975,288
|{{Percentage | 8975288 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 10,570,029
|{{Percentage | 10570029 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 13,022,160
|{{Percentage | 13022160 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 1,449,913
|{{Percentage | 1449913 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 1,944,363
|{{Percentage | 1944363 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 1,645,758
|{{Percentage | 1645758 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 1,797,141
|{{Percentage | 1797141 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 1,957,878
|{{Percentage | 1957878 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 2,373,466
|{{Percentage | 2373466 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 272,908
|{{Percentage | 272908 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 483,999
|{{Percentage | 483999 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 813,441
|{{Percentage | 813441 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 863,091
|{{Percentage | 863091 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 1,180,789
|{{Percentage | 1180789 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 1,520,112
|{{Percentage | 1520112 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 12,992
|{{Percentage | 12992 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 42,371
|{{Percentage | 42371 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 144,514
|{{Percentage | 144514 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 247,030
|{{Percentage | 247030 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 324,730
|{{Percentage | 324730 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 395,311
|{{Percentage | 395311 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 4,352
|{{Percentage | 4352 | 7942399 | 2 }}
| 5,562
|{{Percentage | 5562 | 10427765 | 2 }}
| 5,977
|{{Percentage | 5977 | 11104585 | 2 }}
| 5,930
|{{Percentage | 5930 | 11888985 | 2 }}
| 6,921
|{{Percentage | 6921 | 14040798 | 2 }}
| 9,520
|{{Percentage | 9520 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 354
|{{Percentage | 354 | 7942399 | 3 }}
| 300
|{{Percentage | 300 | 10427765 | 3 }}
| 377
|{{Percentage | 377 | 11104585 | 3 }}
| 309
|{{Percentage | 309 | 11888985 | 3 }}
| 413
|{{Percentage | 413 | 14040798 | 3 }}
| 312
|{{Percentage | 312 | 17340103 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 7942399 | 4 }}
| 6
|{{Percentage | 6 | 10427765 | 4 }}
| 168
|{{Percentage | 168 | 11104585 | 3 }}
| 172
|{{Percentage | 172 | 11888985 | 3 }}
| 32
|{{Percentage | 32 | 14040798 | 4 }}
| 87
|{{Percentage | 87 | 17340103 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 9
|{{Percentage | 9 | 10427765 | 4 }}
| 36
|{{Percentage | 36 | 11104585 | 4 }}
| 16
|{{Percentage | 16 | 11888985 | 4 }}
| 6
|{{Percentage | 6 | 14040798 | 4 }}
| 7
|{{Percentage | 7 | 17340103 | 4 }}
|-
! Others
| 21
|{{Percentage | 21 | 7942399 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 10427765 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 11104585 | 4 }}
| 8
|{{Percentage | 8 | 11888985 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 14040798 | 4 }}
| 19,128
|{{Percentage | 19128 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|-
! Total Population
! 7,942,399
!{{Percentage | 7942399 | 7942399 | 2 }}
! 10,427,765
!{{Percentage | 10427765 | 10427765 | 2 }}
! 11,104,585
!{{Percentage | 11104585 | 11104585 | 2 }}
! 11,888,985
!{{Percentage | 11888985 | 11888985 | 2 }}
! 14,040,798
!{{Percentage | 14040798 | 14040798 | 2 }}
! 17,340,103
!{{Percentage | 17340103 | 17340103 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="14" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, Pakistan]] and [[Islamabad Capital Territory]].}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in East Punjab (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/><ref name="Shakargarh1881"/>{{efn|name=EastPunjab1881|1881 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], and [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1881 census data here:<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/><br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<ref name="Shakargarh1901"/>{{rp|62}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1901|1901 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1901 census data here:<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1911|1911 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1911 census data here:<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}{{efn|name=Delhi}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1921|1921 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Nahan]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1921 census data here:<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1931|1931 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1931 census data here:<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}{{efn|name=EastPunjab1941|1941 figure taken from [[Census in British India|census data]] by combining the total population of all [[Districts of British India|districts]] ([[Hisar district|Hisar]], [[Rohtak district|Rohtak]], [[Gurgaon district|Gurgaon]], [[Karnal district|Karnal]], [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Firozpur district|Firozpur]], [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]], [[Simla District|Simla]], [[Kangra district|Kangra]], [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Hoshiarpur district|Hoshiarpur]], and [[Gurdaspur district|Gurdaspur]] (minus [[Shakargarh Tehsil]])), and [[princely state]]s ([[Loharu State|Loharu]], [[Dujana]], [[Pataudi State|Pataudi]], [[Kalsia State|Kalsia]], [[Kapurthala State|Kapurthala]], [[Malerkotla State|Malerkotla]], [[Faridkot State|Faridkot]], [[Patiala State|Patiala]], [[Jind State|Jind]], [[Nabha State|Nabha]], [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor]], [[Simla Hill States|Simla Hill]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur]], [[Mandi State|Mandi]], [[Suket State|Suket]], and [[Chamba State|Chamba]]) in Punjab Province, British India that ultimately fell on the eastern side of the [[Radcliffe Line]]. See 1941 census data here:<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}<br>Immediately following the partition of India in 1947, these districts and princely states would ultimately make up the subdivision of East Punjab, which also included [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]], [[Chief Commissioner's Province of Himachal Pradesh]], and [[Bilaspur State (1950–1954)|Bilaspur State]]. The states that make up this region in the contemporary era are [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 7,645,262
|{{Percentage | 7645262 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 8,400,106
|{{Percentage | 8400106 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 7,127,863
|{{Percentage | 7127863 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 7,002,510
|{{Percentage | 7002510 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 7,060,631
|{{Percentage | 7060631 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 7,963,083
|{{Percentage | 7963083 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 3,670,886
|{{Percentage | 3670886 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 4,232,190
|{{Percentage | 4232190 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 3,781,163
|{{Percentage | 3781163 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 3,838,095
|{{Percentage | 3838095 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 4,359,867
|{{Percentage | 4359867 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 5,237,584
|{{Percentage | 5237584 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 1,433,257
|{{Percentage | 1433257 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 1,618,897
|{{Percentage | 1618897 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 2,070,288
|{{Percentage | 2070288 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 2,244,205
|{{Percentage | 2244205 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 2,890,835
|{{Percentage | 2890835 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 3,596,073
|{{Percentage | 3596073 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 38,220
|{{Percentage | 38220 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 44,421
|{{Percentage | 44421 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 40,798
|{{Percentage | 40798 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 35,391
|{{Percentage | 35391 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 36,219
|{{Percentage | 36219 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 35,955
|{{Percentage | 35955 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 15,062
|{{Percentage | 15062 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 24,220
|{{Percentage | 24220 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 55,237
|{{Percentage | 55237 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 85,909
|{{Percentage | 85909 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 94,623
|{{Percentage | 94623 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 117,155
|{{Percentage | 117155 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 3,251
|{{Percentage | 3251 | 12806033 | 2 }}
| 6,934
|{{Percentage | 6934 | 14326972 | 2 }}
| 7,522
|{{Percentage | 7522 | 13083165 | 2 }}
| 5,740
|{{Percentage | 5740 | 13212075 | 2 }}
| 7,721
|{{Percentage | 7721 | 14450059 | 2 }}
| 767
|{{Percentage | 767 | 16969758 | 3 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 59
|{{Percentage | 59 | 12806033 | 4 }}
| 177
|{{Percentage | 177 | 14326972 | 3 }}
| 276
|{{Percentage | 276 | 13083165 | 3 }}
| 217
|{{Percentage | 217 | 13212075 | 3 }}
| 156
|{{Percentage | 156 | 14450059 | 3 }}
| 4,047
|{{Percentage | 4047 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 15
|{{Percentage | 15 | 14326972 | 4 }}
| 18
|{{Percentage | 18 | 13083165 | 4 }}
| 3
|{{Percentage | 3 | 13212075 | 4 }}
| 7
|{{Percentage | 7 | 14450059 | 4 }}
| 32
|{{Percentage | 32 | 16969758 | 4 }}
|-
! Others
| 36
|{{Percentage | 36 | 12806033 | 4 }}
| 12
|{{Percentage | 12 | 14326972 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 13083165 | 4 }}
| 5
|{{Percentage | 5 | 13212075 | 4 }}
| 0
|{{Percentage | 0 | 14450059 | 4 }}
| 15,062
|{{Percentage | 15062 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|-
! Total Population
! 12,806,033
!{{Percentage | 12806033 | 12806033 | 2 }}
! 14,326,972
!{{Percentage | 14326972 | 14326972 | 2 }}
! 13,083,165
!{{Percentage | 13083165 | 13083165 | 2 }}
! 13,212,075
!{{Percentage | 13212075 | 13212075 | 2 }}
! 14,450,059
!{{Percentage | 14450059 | 14450059 | 2 }}
! 16,969,758
!{{Percentage | 16969758 | 16969758 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="14" | {{small|Territory comprises the contemporary subdivisions of [[Punjab, India]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Haryana]], and [[Himachal Pradesh]].}}
|}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Indo—Gangetic Plain West geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 4,975,901
| {{Percentage | 4975901 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 5,825,964
| {{Percentage | 5825964 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 4,790,624
| {{Percentage | 4790624 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 4,735,960
| {{Percentage | 4735960 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 4,709,545
| {{Percentage | 4709545 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 5,314,610
| {{Percentage | 5314610 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 3,751,891
| {{Percentage | 3751891 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 4,481,366
| {{Percentage | 4481366 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 4,144,971
| {{Percentage | 4144971 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 4,350,186
| {{Percentage | 4350186 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 5,112,215
| {{Percentage | 5112215 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 6,247,791
| {{Percentage | 6247791 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 1,390,873
| {{Percentage | 1390873 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 1,605,457
| {{Percentage | 1605457 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 1,993,750
| {{Percentage | 1993750 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 2,186,429
| {{Percentage | 2186429 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 2,816,785
| {{Percentage | 2816785 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 3,576,659
| {{Percentage | 3576659 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 36,479
| {{Percentage | 36479 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 41,877
| {{Percentage | 41877 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 39,111
| {{Percentage | 39111 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 33,515
| {{Percentage | 33515 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 34,806
| {{Percentage | 34806 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 34,744
| {{Percentage | 34744 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 11,729
| {{Percentage | 11729 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 22,103
| {{Percentage | 22103 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 58,462
| {{Percentage | 58462 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 140,104
| {{Percentage | 140104 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 198,081
| {{Percentage | 198081 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 247,028
| {{Percentage | 247028 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 139
| {{Percentage | 139 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 299
| {{Percentage | 299 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 412
| {{Percentage | 412 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 318
| {{Percentage | 318 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 314
| {{Percentage | 314 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 235
| {{Percentage | 235 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 132
| {{Percentage | 132 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 184
| {{Percentage | 184 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 23
| {{Percentage | 23 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 39
| {{Percentage | 39 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 19
| {{Percentage | 19 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 28
| {{Percentage | 28 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 14
| {{Percentage | 14 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 49
| {{Percentage | 49 | 10167062 | 2 }}
| 12
| {{Percentage | 12 | 11977100 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 11027490 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 11446716 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 12871774 | 2 }}
| 14,844
| {{Percentage | 14844 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal|See total breakdowns in tables on [[Religion in the Punjab#Subregions|Religion in the Punjab]] page.}}
! 10,167,062
! {{Percentage | 10167062 | 10167062 | 2 }}
! 11,977,100
! {{Percentage | 11977100 | 11977100 | 2 }}
! 11,027,490
! {{Percentage | 11027490 | 11027490 | 2 }}
! 11,446,716
! {{Percentage | 11446716 | 11446716 | 2 }}
! 12,871,774
! {{Percentage | 12871774 | 12871774 | 2 }}
! 15,435,980
! {{Percentage | 15435980 | 15435980 | 2 }}
|}
The ''Indo−Gangetic Plain West geographical division'' included [[Hisar district]], [[Loharu State]], [[Rohtak district]], [[Dujana|Dujana State]], [[Gurgaon district]], [[Pataudi State]], [[Delhi]], [[Karnal district]], [[Jalandhar district]], [[Kapurthala State]], [[Ludhiana district]], [[Malerkotla State]], [[Firozpur district]], [[Faridkot State]], [[Patiala State]], [[Jind State]], [[Nabha State]], [[Lahore District]], [[Amritsar district]], [[Gujranwala District]], and [[Sheikhupura District]].<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Himalayan geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 1,458,481
| {{Percentage | 1458481 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 1,598,853
| {{Percentage | 1598853 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 1,630,084
| {{Percentage | 1630084 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 1,642,176
| {{Percentage | 1642176 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 1,729,008
| {{Percentage | 1729008 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 1,929,634
| {{Percentage | 1929634 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 70,642
| {{Percentage | 70642 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 76,480
| {{Percentage | 76480 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 74,205
| {{Percentage | 74205 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 77,425
| {{Percentage | 77425 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 82,711
| {{Percentage | 82711 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 87,485
| {{Percentage | 87485 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 3,840
| {{Percentage | 3840 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 3,415
| {{Percentage | 3415 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 4,400
| {{Percentage | 4400 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 4,471
| {{Percentage | 4471 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 2,586
| {{Percentage | 2586 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 2,129
| {{Percentage | 2129 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 3,250
| {{Percentage | 3250 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 6,931
| {{Percentage | 6931 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 7,518
| {{Percentage | 7518 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 5,718
| {{Percentage | 5718 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 7,705
| {{Percentage | 7705 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 614
| {{Percentage | 614 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 2,680
| {{Percentage | 2680 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 3,897
| {{Percentage | 3897 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 7,894
| {{Percentage | 7894 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 7,610
| {{Percentage | 7610 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 8,948
| {{Percentage | 8948 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 12,245
| {{Percentage | 12245 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 536
| {{Percentage | 536 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 483
| {{Percentage | 483 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 358
| {{Percentage | 358 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 356
| {{Percentage | 356 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 291
| {{Percentage | 291 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 425
| {{Percentage | 425 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 40
| {{Percentage | 40 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 3,895
| {{Percentage | 3895 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1539433 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1690066 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1724480 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 1737801 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 1831253 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal}}
! 1,539,433
! {{Percentage | 1539433 | 1539433 | 2 }}
! 1,690,066
! {{Percentage | 1690066 | 1690066 | 2 }}
! 1,724,480
! {{Percentage | 1724480 | 1724480 | 2 }}
! 1,737,801
! {{Percentage | 1737801 | 1737801 | 2 }}
! 1,831,253
! {{Percentage | 1831253 | 1831253 | 2 }}
! 2,036,428
! {{Percentage | 2036428 | 2036428 | 2 }}
|}
The ''Himalayan geographical division'' included [[Sirmur State|Sirmoor State]], [[Simla District]], [[Simla Hill States]], [[Bilaspur State (princely state)|Bilaspur State]], [[Kangra district]], [[Mandi State]], [[Suket State]], and [[Chamba State]].<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Sub—Himalayan geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 3,511,174
| {{Percentage | 3511174 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 3,741,759
| {{Percentage | 3741759 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 3,551,989
| {{Percentage | 3551989 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 3,587,246
| {{Percentage | 3587246 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 4,009,166
| {{Percentage | 4009166 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 4,751,911
| {{Percentage | 4751911 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 2,159,634
| {{Percentage | 2159634 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 2,042,505
| {{Percentage | 2042505 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 1,588,097
| {{Percentage | 1588097 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 1,556,703
| {{Percentage | 1556703 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 1,565,034
| {{Percentage | 1565034 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 1,799,915
| {{Percentage | 1799915 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 284,592
| {{Percentage | 284592 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 350,587
| {{Percentage | 350587 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 565,596
| {{Percentage | 565596 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 570,759
| {{Percentage | 570759 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 753,168
| {{Percentage | 753168 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 906,802
| {{Percentage | 906802 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 10,363
| {{Percentage | 10363 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 29,930
| {{Percentage | 29930 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 92,524
| {{Percentage | 92524 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 117,172
| {{Percentage | 117172 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 132,500
| {{Percentage | 132500 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 155,386
| {{Percentage | 155386 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 5,231
| {{Percentage | 5231 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 7,278
| {{Percentage | 7278 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 6,695
| {{Percentage | 6695 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 6,866
| {{Percentage | 6866 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 7,299
| {{Percentage | 7299 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 9,172
| {{Percentage | 9172 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 200
| {{Percentage | 200 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 117
| {{Percentage | 117 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 152
| {{Percentage | 152 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 111
| {{Percentage | 111 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 76
| {{Percentage | 76 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 141
| {{Percentage | 141 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 11
| {{Percentage | 11 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 22
| {{Percentage | 22 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 171
| {{Percentage | 171 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 5
| {{Percentage | 5 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 17
| {{Percentage | 17 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 5971195 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6172187 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5805081 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 5838869 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6467272 | 2 }}
| 1,681
| {{Percentage | 1681 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal}}
! 5,971,195
! {{Percentage | 5971195 | 5971195 | 2 }}
! 6,172,187
! {{Percentage | 6172187 | 6172187 | 2 }}
! 5,805,081
! {{Percentage | 5805081 | 5805081 | 2 }}
! 5,838,869
! {{Percentage | 5838869 | 5838869 | 2 }}
! 6,467,272
! {{Percentage | 6467272 | 6467272 | 2 }}
! 7,625,185
! {{Percentage | 7625185 | 7625185 | 2 }}
|}
The ''Sub−Himalayan geographical division'' included [[Ambala district]], [[Kalsia State]], [[Hoshiarpur district]], [[Gurdaspur district]], [[Sialkot District]], [[Gujrat District]], [[Jhelum District]], [[Rawalpindi District]], and [[Attock District]].<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}
{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the North—West Dry Area geographical division of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1941)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881"/><ref name="Census1881B"/><ref name="Census1881C"/>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901"/>{{rp|34}}
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911"/>{{rp|27}}<ref name="Census1911B"/>{{rp|27}}
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921"/>{{rp|29}}
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931"/>{{rp|277}}
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|42}}
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 2,539,038
| {{Percentage | 2539038 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 3,883,740
| {{Percentage | 3883740 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 4,504,312
| {{Percentage | 4504312 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 4,798,526
| {{Percentage | 4798526 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 5,725,804
| {{Percentage | 5725804 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 7,172,557
| {{Percentage | 7172557 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
| 501,159
| {{Percentage | 501159 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 877,147
| {{Percentage | 877147 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 764,816
| {{Percentage | 764816 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 864,812
| {{Percentage | 864812 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 1,014,922
| {{Percentage | 1014922 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 1,292,390
| {{Percentage | 1292390 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 28,020
| {{Percentage | 28020 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 142,955
| {{Percentage | 142955 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 316,489
| {{Percentage | 316489 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 342,498
| {{Percentage | 342498 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 492,723
| {{Percentage | 492723 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 620,479
| {{Percentage | 620479 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 2,122
| {{Percentage | 2122 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 11,143
| {{Percentage | 11143 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 44,365
| {{Percentage | 44365 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 71,192
| {{Percentage | 71192 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 86,186
| {{Percentage | 86186 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 107,923
| {{Percentage | 107923 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 326
| {{Percentage | 326 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 345
| {{Percentage | 345 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 611
| {{Percentage | 611 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 584
| {{Percentage | 584 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 744
| {{Percentage | 744 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 1,134
| {{Percentage | 1134 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 70
| {{Percentage | 70 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 54
| {{Percentage | 54 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 71
| {{Percentage | 71 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 57
| {{Percentage | 57 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 176
| {{Percentage | 176 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 88
| {{Percentage | 88 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 29
| {{Percentage | 29 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 2
| {{Percentage | 2 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 30
| {{Percentage | 30 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 6
| {{Percentage | 6 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 3
| {{Percentage | 3 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 7
| {{Percentage | 7 | 3070742 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 4915384 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 5630699 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 6077674 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 7320558 | 2 }}
| 17,664
| {{Percentage | 17664 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population{{efn|name=GeoDivisionTotal}}
! 3,070,742
! {{Percentage | 3070742 | 3070742 | 2 }}
! 4,915,384
! {{Percentage | 4915384 | 4915384 | 2 }}
! 5,630,699
! {{Percentage | 5630699 | 5630699 | 2 }}
! 6,077,674
! {{Percentage | 6077674 | 6077674 | 2 }}
! 7,320,558
! {{Percentage | 7320558 | 7320558 | 2 }}
! 9,212,268
! {{Percentage | 9212268 | 9212268 | 2 }}
|}
The ''North−West Dry Area geographical division'' included [[Montgomery District]], [[Shahpur District]], [[Mianwali District]], [[Lyallpur District]], [[Jhang District]], [[Multan District]], [[Bahawalpur State]], [[Muzaffargarh District]], [[Dera Ghazi Khan District]], and the Biloch Trans–Frontier Tract.<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|2}}<ref name="punjab1941"/>{{rp|4}}

==== Post-partition ====
In the present-day, the vast majority of Pakistani Punjabis are Sunni Muslim by faith, but also include significant minority faiths, such as Shia Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims, [[Hindus]], [[Sikhs]] and Christians.

Sikhism, founded by [[Guru Nanak]] is the main religion practised in the post-1966 Indian Punjab state. About 57.7% of the population of Punjab state is [[Sikh]], 38.5% is [[Hindu]], with the remaining population including [[Islam in Punjab, India|Muslims]], [[Christianity in Punjab, India|Christians]], and [[Jainism|Jains]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm| title=Census Reference Tables, C-Series Population by religious communities| publisher=Census of India| year=2001| access-date=25 July 2010| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701214405/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_data_finder/C_Series/Population_by_religious_communities.htm| archive-date=1 July 2010}}</ref> Punjab state contains the holy Sikh cities of [[Amritsar]], [[Anandpur Sahib]], [[Tarn Taran Sahib]], [[Fatehgarh Sahib]] and [[Chamkaur Sahib]].

The Punjab was home to several [[List of Sufi saints|Sufi saints]], and Sufism is [[Sufism in Punjab|well established in the region]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.punjabics.com/SufiSaintsOfPunjab/ |title=Sufi Saints of the Punjab |website=Punjabics.com |access-date=1 July 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230010342/http://punjabics.com/SufiSaintsOfPunjab/ |archive-date=30 December 2013}}</ref> Also, [[Kirpal Singh]] revered the Sikh Gurus as saints.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ruhanisatsangusa.org/indian/sant_kirpal_singh_history/punjab_home_of_master_saints.htm |title=The Punjab – Home of Master Saints |last1=Kirpal Singh |first1=Sant |access-date=1 July 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924092640/http://www.ruhanisatsangusa.org/indian/sant_kirpal_singh_history/punjab_home_of_master_saints.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015|author1-link=Kirpal Singh }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in the Punjab Region ([[2011 Census of India]] & [[2017 Census of Pakistan]])<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/pakistan/Table09n.pdf|title=TABLE 9 - POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN|access-date=13 February 2023|archive-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809195627/https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/tables/pakistan/Table09n.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="EastPunjabReligions">{{cite web |title=Population by religion community – 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230423/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=Census of India, 2011 |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>{{efn|name=2011&2017Census|Estimates from combining [[2011 Indian census]] and [[2017 Pakistani Census|2017 Pakistani census]] with religious data amalgamated from [[Punjab, India]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]], [[Haryana]], [[Delhi]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Islamabad]], and [[Chandigarh]].<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions"/><ref name="EastPunjabReligions"/><ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>}}
! rowspan="2" |Religious<br>group
! colspan="2" |Punjab<br>Region
! colspan="2" |[[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab<br>(Pakistan)]]<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Punjab, India|Punjab<br>(India)]]<ref name="EastPunjabReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Haryana]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Delhi]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Himachal Pradesh|Himachal<br>Pradesh]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Islamabad Capital Territory|Islamabad]]<ref name="WestPunjab&IslamabadReligions"/>
! colspan="2" |[[Chandigarh]]<ref name="Haryana&Himachal&Delhi&ChandigarhReligions"/>
|-
!Total<br>population
!Percentage
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! 114,130,322
! {{Percentage | 114130322 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 107,541,602
| {{Percentage | 107541602 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 535,489
| {{Percentage | 535489 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 1,781,342
| {{Percentage | 1781342 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 2,158,684
| {{Percentage | 2158684 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 149,881
| {{Percentage | 149881 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 1,911,877
| {{Percentage | 1911877 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 51,447
| {{Percentage | 51447 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! 54,159,083
! {{Percentage | 54159083 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 211,641
| {{Percentage | 211641 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 10,678,138
| {{Percentage | 10678138 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 22,171,128
| {{Percentage | 22171128 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 13,712,100
| {{Percentage | 13712100 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 6,532,765
| {{Percentage | 6532765 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 737
| {{Percentage | 737 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 852,574
| {{Percentage | 852574 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! 18,037,312
! {{Percentage | 18037312 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 16,004,754
| {{Percentage | 16004754 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 1,243,752
| {{Percentage | 1243752 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 570,581
| {{Percentage | 570581 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 79,896
| {{Percentage | 79896 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 138,329
| {{Percentage | 138329 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! 2,715,952
! {{Percentage | 2715952 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 2,063,063
| {{Percentage | 2063063 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 348,230
| {{Percentage | 348230 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 50,353
| {{Percentage | 50353 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 146,093
| {{Percentage | 146093 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 12,646
| {{Percentage | 12646 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 86,847
| {{Percentage | 86847 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 8,720
| {{Percentage | 8720 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg|15px]]
! 267,649
! {{Percentage | 267649 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 45,040
| {{Percentage | 45040 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 52,613
| {{Percentage | 52613 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 166,231
| {{Percentage | 166231 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 1,805
| {{Percentage | 1805 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,960
| {{Percentage | 1960 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Ahmadiyya]] [[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya 1-2.svg|15px]]
! 160,759
! {{Percentage | 160759 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 158,021
| {{Percentage | 158021 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 2,738
| {{Percentage | 2738 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma Wheel (2).svg|15px]]
! 139,019
! {{Percentage | 139019 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 33,237
| {{Percentage | 33237 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 7,514
| {{Percentage | 7514 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 18,449
| {{Percentage | 18449 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 78,659
| {{Percentage | 78659 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,160
| {{Percentage | 1160 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
| Others
! 185,720
! {{Percentage | 185720 | 189795816 | 2 }}
| 15,328
| {{Percentage | 15328 | 109989655 | 2 }}
| 98,450
| {{Percentage | 98450 | 27743338 | 2 }}
| 44,760
| {{Percentage | 44760 | 25351462 | 2 }}
| 15,803
| {{Percentage | 15803 | 16787941 | 2 }}
| 8,950
| {{Percentage | 8950 | 6864602 | 2 }}
| 1,169
| {{Percentage | 1169 | 2003368 | 2 }}
| 1,260
| {{Percentage | 1260 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 189,795,816
! {{Percentage | 189795816 | 189795816 | 2 }}
! 109,989,655
! {{Percentage | 109989655 | 109989655 | 2 }}
! 27,743,338
! {{Percentage | 27743338 | 27743338 | 2 }}
! 25,351,462
! {{Percentage | 25351462 | 25351462 | 2 }}
! 16,787,941
! {{Percentage | 16787941 | 16787941 | 2 }}
! 6,864,602
! {{Percentage | 6864602 | 6864602 | 2 }}
! 2,003,368
! {{Percentage | 2003368 | 2003368 | 2 }}
! 1,055,450
! {{Percentage | 1055450 | 1055450 | 2 }}
|}

=== Tribes ===
{{See also|List of Punjabi tribes}}
[[File:JatsAroundDelhi1868.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Jats in Delhi (1868)]]
[[File:Charles Shepherd and Arthur Robertson01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Rajputs in Delhi (1868)]]
[[File:Grey-scale scan of a painting of a Hindu official or courtier (possibly identifiable as Misr Diwan Chand) of the court of the Sikh Empire.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Brahmin in Lahore (c.&nbsp;1799–1849)]]
[[File:From left to right- A Gurkha, a Brahmin and a Sood.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Left to right: Gurkha, Brahmin and Shudra (Chuhra-Chamar) in Shimla (1868)]]
[[File:Arain men in Lahore.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Arains in Lahore (1868)]]
[[File:Portrait of three unidentified Lahore carpenters (likely Tarkhan) with tools, ca.1862–72.png|thumb|upright=0.7|Tarkhans in Lahore (c.&nbsp;1862–1872)]]
[[File:Two Gurjar (also transliterated as Gujjar, Gujar, Gurjara, & Gujjer) Men on a Pavement and a Woman in a Doorway in Delhi, Shepherd & Robertson (possibly), ca.1859–69.png|thumb|upright=0.7|Gujjars in Delhi (c.&nbsp;1859–1869)]]
[[File:Portrait of an unidentified Arora Storekeeper from Lahore with coins in hand and in front of him, ca.1862–72.png|thumb|upright=0.7|Arora in Lahore (c.&nbsp;1862–1872)]]
[[File:Portrait of two unknown Kumhar potters from Lahore, ca.1859–69.png|thumb|upright=0.7|Kumhars in Lahore (c.&nbsp;1859–1869)]]
The Punjab region is diverse. Historic census reports taken in the [[British Raj|colonial era]] details the main [[Caste system in India|castes]] are represented, alongside numerous subcastes and [[List of Scheduled Tribes in India|tribes]] (also known as ''[[Jāti]]'' or ''[[Baradari (brotherhood)|Barādarī]]''), formed parts of the various ethnic groups in the region, contemporarily known as [[Punjabis]], [[Saraiki people|Saraikis]], [[Haryanvi people|Haryanvis]], [[Hindkowans]], [[Dogras]], [[Pahari people (Kashmir)|Paharis]], and more.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Tribes of [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] (1881–1931)<ref name="punjab1911"/>{{rp|478}}<ref name="punjab1921A">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430164 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430164 |access-date=26 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 1, Report. |year=1921 |volume=15 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083309/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430164 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|348}}<ref name="punjab1921B">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=26 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |volume=15 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326083306/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|193–254}}<ref name="punjab1931A">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793222 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793222 |access-date=21 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 1, Report. |year=1931 |volume=17 |archive-date=22 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322030701/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793222 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|367}}<ref name="punjab1931B">{{cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=21 March 2023 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |volume=17 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326084838/https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|281–309}}
! rowspan="2" |Tribe
! colspan="2" |1881
! colspan="2" |1891
! colspan="2" |1901
! colspan="2" |1911
! colspan="2" |1921
! colspan="2" |1931
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Jats|Jat]]
| 4,223,885
| {{Percentage | 4223885 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 4,500,340
| {{Percentage | 4500340 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 4,884,285
| {{Percentage | 4884285 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 4,891,060
| {{Percentage | 4891060 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 5,453,747
| {{Percentage | 5453747 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 6,070,032
| {{Percentage | 6070032 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Rajput]]
| 1,648,426
| {{Percentage | 1648426 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,747,989
| {{Percentage | 1747989 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,784,402
| {{Percentage | 1784402 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 1,586,274
| {{Percentage | 1586274 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,853,025
| {{Percentage | 1853025 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 2,792,060
| {{Percentage | 2792060 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Brahmin|Brahman]]
| 1,040,771
| {{Percentage | 1040771 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,069,132
| {{Percentage | 1069132 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,077,252
| {{Percentage | 1077252 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 985,901
| {{Percentage | 985901 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 994,529
| {{Percentage | 994529 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 1,058,598
| {{Percentage | 1058598 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Chuhra]]
| 1,039,039
| {{Percentage | 1039039 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,175,504
| {{Percentage | 1175504 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,175,003
| {{Percentage | 1175003 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 912,998
| {{Percentage | 912998 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 750,596
| {{Percentage | 750596 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 681,359
| {{Percentage | 681359 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Chamar]]
| 1,033,727
| {{Percentage | 1033727 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 1,147,913
| {{Percentage | 1147913 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,172,118
| {{Percentage | 1172118 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 1,075,941
| {{Percentage | 1075941 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,134,700
| {{Percentage | 1134700 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 1,102,465
| {{Percentage | 1102465 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Arain]]
| 795,471
| {{Percentage | 795471 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 890,264
| {{Percentage | 890264 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 1,003,698
| {{Percentage | 1003698 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 973,888
| {{Percentage | 973888 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,086,455
| {{Percentage | 1086455 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 1,331,295
| {{Percentage | 1331295 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Julaha]]
| 593,199
| {{Percentage | 593199 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 620,401
| {{Percentage | 620401 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 651,800
| {{Percentage | 651800 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 626,960
| {{Percentage | 626960 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 643,403
| {{Percentage | 643403 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 672,243
| {{Percentage | 672243 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Tarkhan (Punjab)|Tarkhan]]
| 564,385
| {{Percentage | 564385 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 621,718
| {{Percentage | 621718 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 675,361
| {{Percentage | 675361 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 637,971
| {{Percentage | 637971 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 614,912
| {{Percentage | 614912 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 654,053
| {{Percentage | 654053 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Gurjar|Gujjar]]
| 539,251
| {{Percentage | 539251 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 600,198
| {{Percentage | 600198 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 611,904
| {{Percentage | 611904 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 595,598
| {{Percentage | 595598 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 627,451
| {{Percentage | 627451 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 696,442
| {{Percentage | 696442 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Arora]]
| 538,465
| {{Percentage | 538465 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 603,131
| {{Percentage | 603131 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 647,945
| {{Percentage | 647945 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 667,943
| {{Percentage | 667943 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 707,495
| {{Percentage | 707495 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 775,734
| {{Percentage | 775734 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kumhar]]
| 465,676
| {{Percentage | 465676 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 515,331
| {{Percentage | 515331 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 561,298
| {{Percentage | 561298 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 542,906
| {{Percentage | 542906 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 570,158
| {{Percentage | 570158 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 620,402
| {{Percentage | 620402 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]
| 437,000
| {{Percentage | 437000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 442,000
| {{Percentage | 442000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 452,000
| {{Percentage | 452000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 404,000
| {{Percentage | 404000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 374,169
| {{Percentage | 374169 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Jhinwar]]
| 418,499
| {{Percentage | 418499 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 458,702
| {{Percentage | 458702 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 450,362
| {{Percentage | 450362 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 331,951
| {{Percentage | 331951 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 371,418
| {{Percentage | 371418 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 281,512
| {{Percentage | 281512 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Khatri]]
| 392,413
| {{Percentage | 392413 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 418,517
| {{Percentage | 418517 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 433,579
| {{Percentage | 433579 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 423,704
| {{Percentage | 423704 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 452,902
| {{Percentage | 452902 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 516,207
| {{Percentage | 516207 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Awan (tribe)|Awan]]
| 350,848
| {{Percentage | 350848 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 389,402
| {{Percentage | 389402 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 420,504
| {{Percentage | 420504 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 425,450
| {{Percentage | 425450 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 439,975
| {{Percentage | 439975 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 539,242
| {{Percentage | 539242 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kanet]]
| 346,000
| {{Percentage | 346000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 370,000
| {{Percentage | 370000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 390,000
| {{Percentage | 390000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 404,000
| {{Percentage | 404000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 288,159
| {{Percentage | 288159 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 305,814
| {{Percentage | 305814 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Mochi (disambiguation)#People|Mochi]]
| 334,034
| {{Percentage | 334034 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 384,179
| {{Percentage | 384179 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 408,314
| {{Percentage | 408314 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 410,977
| {{Percentage | 410977 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 429,242
| {{Percentage | 429242 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 472,616
| {{Percentage | 472616 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Baloch people in Punjab|Baloch]]
| 331,851
| {{Percentage | 331851 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 383,138
| {{Percentage | 383138 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 466,645
| {{Percentage | 466645 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 530,976
| {{Percentage | 530976 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 531,084
| {{Percentage | 531084 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 624,695
| {{Percentage | 624695 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Nai (caste)|Nai]]
| 323,703
| {{Percentage | 323703 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 371,144
| {{Percentage | 371144 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 370,019
| {{Percentage | 370019 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 344,845
| {{Percentage | 344845 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 360,653
| {{Percentage | 360653 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 380,657
| {{Percentage | 380657 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Shaikhs in South Asia|Sheikh]]
| 293,606
| {{Percentage | 293606 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 287,778
| {{Percentage | 287778 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 264,656
| {{Percentage | 264656 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 276,687
| {{Percentage | 276687 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 244,800
| {{Percentage | 244800 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 414,623
| {{Percentage | 414623 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Lohar (caste)|Lohar]]
| 291,506
| {{Percentage | 291506 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 323,420
| {{Percentage | 323420 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 347,099
| {{Percentage | 347099 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 319,847
| {{Percentage | 319847 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 322,195
| {{Percentage | 322195 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 333,910
| {{Percentage | 333910 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Teli]]
| 250,544
| {{Percentage | 250544 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 291,513
| {{Percentage | 291513 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 309,433
| {{Percentage | 309433 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 284,505
| {{Percentage | 284505 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 305,122
| {{Percentage | 305122 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 346,342
| {{Percentage | 346342 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Pathans of Punjab|Pathan]]
| 210,613
| {{Percentage | 210613 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 221,262
| {{Percentage | 221262 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 246,790
| {{Percentage | 246790 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 272,547
| {{Percentage | 272547 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 261,729
| {{Percentage | 261729 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 350,008
| {{Percentage | 350008 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sayyid#South Asia|Sayyid]]
| 200,728
| {{Percentage | 200728 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 217,034
| {{Percentage | 217034 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 230,802
| {{Percentage | 230802 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 239,160
| {{Percentage | 239160 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 247,087
| {{Percentage | 247087 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 294,223
| {{Percentage | 294223 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Mirasi]]
| 192,107
| {{Percentage | 192107 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 230,700
| {{Percentage | 230700 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 244,506
| {{Percentage | 244506 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 223,093
| {{Percentage | 223093 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 232,280
| {{Percentage | 232280 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 244,726
| {{Percentage | 244726 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Machiyar|Machhi]]
| 167,882
| {{Percentage | 167882 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 196,574
| {{Percentage | 196574 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 236,122
| {{Percentage | 236122 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 239,702
| {{Percentage | 239702 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 280,956
| {{Percentage | 280956 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 314,862
| {{Percentage | 314862 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ahir]]
| 165,878
| {{Percentage | 165878 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 188,838
| {{Percentage | 188838 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 197,805
| {{Percentage | 197805 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 201,299
| {{Percentage | 201299 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 201,539
| {{Percentage | 201539 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 221,933
| {{Percentage | 221933 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kashmiris in Punjab|Kashmiri]]
| 149,733
| {{Percentage | 149733 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 141,280
| {{Percentage | 141280 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 189,878
| {{Percentage | 189878 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 175,334
| {{Percentage | 175334 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 166,449
| {{Percentage | 166449 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 202,920
| {{Percentage | 202920 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Saini]]
| 147,183
| {{Percentage | 147183 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 120,507
| {{Percentage | 120507 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 121,722
| {{Percentage | 121722 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 107,759
| {{Percentage | 107759 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 120,376
| {{Percentage | 120376 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 165,190
| {{Percentage | 165190 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sunar]]
| 145,903
| {{Percentage | 145903 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 164,087
| {{Percentage | 164087 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 174,628
| {{Percentage | 174628 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 155,993
| {{Percentage | 155993 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 127,090
| {{Percentage | 127090 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 159,655
| {{Percentage | 159655 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kamboj|Kamboh]]
| 129,468
| {{Percentage | 129468 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 150,646
| {{Percentage | 150646 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 173,780
| {{Percentage | 173780 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 171,536
| {{Percentage | 171536 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 180,870
| {{Percentage | 180870 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 239,582
| {{Percentage | 239582 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Dhobi]]
| 123,767
| {{Percentage | 123767 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 139,421
| {{Percentage | 139421 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 142,342
| {{Percentage | 142342 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 151,566
| {{Percentage | 151566 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 163,908
| {{Percentage | 163908 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 175,557
| {{Percentage | 175557 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Meo (ethnic group)|Meo]]
| 112,566
| {{Percentage | 112566 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 115,916
| {{Percentage | 115916 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 133,300
| {{Percentage | 133300 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 120,752
| {{Percentage | 120752 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 111,564
| {{Percentage | 111564 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 133,089
| {{Percentage | 133089 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Faqir (clan)|Faqir]]
| 111,995
| {{Percentage | 111995 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 300,214
| {{Percentage | 300214 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 362,266
| {{Percentage | 362266 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 262,511
| {{Percentage | 262511 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 270,070
| {{Percentage | 270070 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 287,445
| {{Percentage | 287445 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ghirth|Ghirath]]
| 110,507
| {{Percentage | 110507 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 118,631
| {{Percentage | 118631 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 121,718
| {{Percentage | 121718 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 121,107
| {{Percentage | 121107 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 117,949
| {{Percentage | 117949 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 124,340
| {{Percentage | 124340 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Chhimba]]
| 100,448
| {{Percentage | 100448 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 141,819
| {{Percentage | 141819 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 147,152
| {{Percentage | 147152 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 124,090
| {{Percentage | 124090 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 120,695
| {{Percentage | 120695 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 96,269
| {{Percentage | 96269 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Qassab]]
| 92,571
| {{Percentage | 92571 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 109,435
| {{Percentage | 109435 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 114,158
| {{Percentage | 114158 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 117,363
| {{Percentage | 117363 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 120,820
| {{Percentage | 120820 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 127,198
| {{Percentage | 127198 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Rath tribe|Rathi]]
| 82,957
| {{Percentage | 82957 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 100,656
| {{Percentage | 100656 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 37,793
| {{Percentage | 37793 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 97,763
| {{Percentage | 97763 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 118,015
| {{Percentage | 118015 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 134,096
| {{Percentage | 134096 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Dhagi|Dagi]] & [[Koli people|Koli]]
| 78,559
| {{Percentage | 78559 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 167,772
| {{Percentage | 167772 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 153,990
| {{Percentage | 153990 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 172,269
| {{Percentage | 172269 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 165,159
| {{Percentage | 165159 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 182,235
| {{Percentage | 182235 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Mughal people|Mughal]]
| 92,000
| {{Percentage | 92000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 118,000
| {{Percentage | 118000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 98,000
| {{Percentage | 98000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 99,000
| {{Percentage | 99000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 88,951
| {{Percentage | 88951 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Jogi (caste)|Jogi]]-[[Rawal (caste)|Rawal]]
| 90,000
| {{Percentage | 90000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 91,000
| {{Percentage | 91000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 76,000
| {{Percentage | 76000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 83,000
| {{Percentage | 83000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 80,577
| {{Percentage | 80577 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[List of Scheduled Castes|Dumna]]
| 66,169
| {{Percentage | 66169 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 64,046
| {{Percentage | 64046 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 53,394
| {{Percentage | 53394 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 72,250
| {{Percentage | 72250 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 36,669
| {{Percentage | 36669 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 37,541
| {{Percentage | 37541 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Dhanuk]]
| 66,000
| {{Percentage | 66000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 74,000
| {{Percentage | 74000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 77,000
| {{Percentage | 77000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 83,000
| {{Percentage | 83000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 87,278
| {{Percentage | 87278 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Dogar]]
| 63,000
| {{Percentage | 1881 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 70,000
| {{Percentage | 1891 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 75,000
| {{Percentage | 1901 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 68,000
| {{Percentage | 68000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 74,369
| {{Percentage | 74369 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Khoja]]
| 62,000
| {{Percentage | 62000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 90,000
| {{Percentage | 90000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 99,000
| {{Percentage | 99000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 63,000
| {{Percentage | 63000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 87,461
| {{Percentage | 87461 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mallaah|Mallah]]
| 62,000
| {{Percentage | 62000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 77,000
| {{Percentage | 77000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 73,000
| {{Percentage | 73000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 78,000
| {{Percentage | 78000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 74,233
| {{Percentage | 74233 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mali caste|Mali]]
| 58,672
| {{Percentage | 58672 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 95,989
| {{Percentage | 95989 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 105,956
| {{Percentage | 105956 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 96,883
| {{Percentage | 96883 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 92,933
| {{Percentage | 92933 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 85,758
| {{Percentage | 85758 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Bharai]]
| 56,000
| {{Percentage | 56000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 67,000
| {{Percentage | 67000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 66,000
| {{Percentage | 66000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 58,000
| {{Percentage | 58000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 61,721
| {{Percentage | 61721 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! Barwala
| 55,000
| {{Percentage | 55000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 64,000
| {{Percentage | 64000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 69,000
| {{Percentage | 69000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 64,000
| {{Percentage | 64000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 65,907
| {{Percentage | 65907 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Mahtam]]
| 50,313
| {{Percentage | 50313 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 56,982
| {{Percentage | 56982 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 82,719
| {{Percentage | 82719 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 81,805
| {{Percentage | 81805 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 94,325
| {{Percentage | 94325 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 65,262
| {{Percentage | 65262 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Labana]]
| 47,000
| {{Percentage | 47000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 55,000
| {{Percentage | 55000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 56,000
| {{Percentage | 56000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 58,000
| {{Percentage | 58000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 56,316
| {{Percentage | 56316 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Meghwal|Megh]]
| 37,373
| {{Percentage | 37373 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 41,068
| {{Percentage | 41068 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 44,315
| {{Percentage | 44315 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 39,549
| {{Percentage | 39549 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 30,465
| {{Percentage | 30465 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 23,207
| {{Percentage | 23207 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Khokhar]]
| 36,000
| {{Percentage | 36000 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 130,000
| {{Percentage | 130000 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 108,000
| {{Percentage | 108000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 60,000
| {{Percentage | 60000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 69,169
| {{Percentage | 69169 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Darzi]]
| 30,190
| {{Percentage | 30190 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 36,919
| {{Percentage | 36919 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 39,164
| {{Percentage | 39164 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 35,508
| {{Percentage | 35508 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 38,256
| {{Percentage | 38256 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 45,688
| {{Percentage | 45688 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Bawaria]]
| 22,013
| {{Percentage | 22013 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 26,420
| {{Percentage | 26420 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 29,112
| {{Percentage | 29112 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 32,849
| {{Percentage | 32849 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 34,807
| {{Percentage | 34807 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 32,527
| {{Percentage | 32527 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sansi people|Sansi]]
| 19,920
| {{Percentage | 19920 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 22,218
| {{Percentage | 22218 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 26,000
| {{Percentage | 26000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 24,439
| {{Percentage | 24439 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 17,402
| {{Percentage | 17402 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 165,190
| {{Percentage | 165190 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Orh|Od]]
| 15,652
| {{Percentage | 15652 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 22,450
| {{Percentage | 22450 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 26,160
| {{Percentage | 26160 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 31,690
| {{Percentage | 31690 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 28,502
| {{Percentage | 28502 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 32,719
| {{Percentage | 32719 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Saryara|Sarera]]
| 10,792
| {{Percentage | 10792 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 11,366
| {{Percentage | 11366 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 9,587
| {{Percentage | 9587 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 10,743
| {{Percentage | 10743 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 9,873
| {{Percentage | 9873 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 11,230
| {{Percentage | 11230 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Pakhiwara
| 3,741
| {{Percentage | 3741 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 3,674
| {{Percentage | 3674 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 3,595
| {{Percentage | 3595 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 3,711
| {{Percentage | 3711 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 2,801
| {{Percentage | 2801 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 4,540
| {{Percentage | 4540 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ghosi tribe|Ghosi]]
| 2,221
| {{Percentage | 2221 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 2,652
| {{Percentage | 2652 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 3,012
| {{Percentage | 3012 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 2,419
| {{Percentage | 2419 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 502
| {{Percentage | 502 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 3,853
| {{Percentage | 3853 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Harni]]
| 1,318
| {{Percentage | 1318 | 20800995 | 2 }}
| 4,157
| {{Percentage | 4157 | 22915894 | 2 }}
| 3,462
| {{Percentage | 3462 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 3,360
| {{Percentage | 3360 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 2,988
| {{Percentage | 2988 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 3,928
| {{Percentage | 3928 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Maliar]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 81,000
| {{Percentage | 81000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 90,000
| {{Percentage | 90000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 88,755
| {{Percentage | 88755 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Chuhra#In Islam|Mussalli]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 57,367
| {{Percentage | 57367 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 309,543
| {{Percentage | 309543 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 323,549
| {{Percentage | 323549 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 412,300
| {{Percentage | 412300 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Qureshi]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 53,000
| {{Percentage | 53000 | 24367113 | 2 }}
| 71,000
| {{Percentage | 71000 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 97,625
| {{Percentage | 97625 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
|-
! [[Agrawal|Aggarwal]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 339,494
| {{Percentage | 339494 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 349,322
| {{Percentage | 349322 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 379,068
| {{Percentage | 379068 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Bagaria
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 1,262
| {{Percentage | 1262 | 23791841 | 2 }}
| 1,619
| {{Percentage | 1619 | 25101514 | 2 }}
| 2,446
| {{Percentage | 2446 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Ramdasia]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 126,487
| {{Percentage | 126487 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Kahar]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 88,656
| {{Percentage | 88656 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Tank Kshatrya
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 37,376
| {{Percentage | 37376 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Dhiman Brahman
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 13,533
| {{Percentage | 13533 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! No tribe
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 6,816
| {{Percentage | 6816 | 25569792 | 2 }}
|-
! Total responses
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! {{N/a}}
! 25,569,792
! {{Percentage | 25569792 | 28490869 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total population
! 20,800,995
! {{Percentage | 20800995 | 20800995 | 2 }}
! 22,915,894
! {{Percentage | 22915894 | 22915894 | 2 }}
! 24,367,113
! {{Percentage | 24367113 | 24367113 | 2 }}
! 23,791,841
! {{Percentage | 23791841 | 23791841 | 2 }}
! 25,101,514
! {{Percentage | 25101514 | 25101514 | 2 }}
! 28,490,869
! {{Percentage | 28490869 | 28490869 | 2 }}
|}