Editing Pope Pius X (section)

==Canonization==
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix = [[Pope]] [[Saint]]
|name             = Pius X
|honorific_suffix = [[Bishop of Rome]]
|feast_day       = [[21 August]]<br />[[3 September]] (General Roman Calendar 1955–1969)
|venerated_in    = Catholic Church
|image           = Pius X, by Francesco De Federicis, 1903 (retouched, colorized).tif
|imagesize       = 
|caption         = Pius X in 1903
|birth_name      = Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto
|birth_date      = {{birth date|1835|6|2|df=y}}
|birth_place     = Riese, Treviso, Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire
|death_date      = {{death date and age|1914|8|20|1835|6|2|df=y}}
|death_place     = Apostolic Palace, Rome, Kingdom of Italy
|titles          = Pope, Confessor
|beatified_date  = 3 June 1951
|beatified_place = [[Saint Peter's Basilica]], [[Vatican City]]
|beatified_by    = [[Pope Pius XII]]
|canonized_date  = 29 May 1954
|canonized_place = [[Saint Peter's Basilica]], [[Vatican City]]
|canonized_by    = Pope Pius XII
|attributes      =
|patronage       = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Atlanta|Archdiocese of Atlanta, Georgia]]; [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Des Moines|diocese of Des Moines, Iowa]]; first communicants; [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Great Falls-Billings|Diocese of Great Falls-Billings, Montana]]; [[Changanassery#Archdiocese of Changanacherry|archdiocese of Kottayam, India]]; pilgrims; [[Santa Luċija|Santa Luċija, Malta]]; [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau|Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau, Missouri]]; [[Archdiocese of Zamboanga|Archdiocese of Zamboanga, Philippines]]; emigrants from Treviso; [[Patriarch of Venice|Patriarchate of Venice]]; [[St. Pius X Seminary (Dubuque, Iowa)]]
}}
[[File:0 Statue de Pie X - Basilique St-Pierre - Vatican.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The statue of Pius X in St. Peter's Basilica]]

Although Pius X's canonization took place in 1954, the events leading up to it began immediately with his death. A letter of 24 September 1916 by Monsignor Leo, [[Bishop of Nicotera and Tropea]], referred to Pius X as "a great Saint and a great Pope." To accommodate the large number of pilgrims seeking access to his tomb, more than the crypt would hold, "a small metal cross was set into the floor of the basilica," which read ''Pius Papa X'', "so that the faithful might kneel down directly above the tomb".<ref name="angelusonline.org">{{cite news|last=Thouvenot|first=Fr. Christian
|title=Canonization of Pope Pius X by Pope Pius XII|work=The Angelus|access-date=3 November 2013|date=April 2004|url=http://www.angelusonline.org/index.php?section=articles&subsection=show_article&article_id=2290}}</ref> Masses were held near his tomb until 1930.

Devotion to Pius X between the two [[world war]]s remained high. On 14 February 1923, in honor of the 20th anniversary of his accession to the papacy, the first moves toward his [[canonisation|canonization]] began with the formal appointment of those who would carry out his cause. The event was marked by the erecting of a monument in his memory in [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. On 19 August 1939, [[Pope Pius XII]] (1939–58) delivered a tribute to Pius X at [[Castel Gandolfo]]. On 12 February 1943, a further development of Pius X's cause was achieved, when he was declared to have displayed [[heroic virtue]]s, gaining therefore the title "Venerable".

On 19 May 1944, Pius X's coffin was exhumed and was taken to the Chapel of the Holy Crucifix in St. Peter's Basilica for the canonical examination.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.museosanpiox.it/sanpiox/50annispietro.html | title = Saint Pius X: since 50 years in St. Peter | language = it | publisher = Museum "San Pio X" | archive-url = https://archive.today/20070206071314/http://www.museosanpiox.it/sanpiox/50annispietro.html | archive-date = 6 February 2007 | url-status = live | access-date = 4 September 2020 }}</ref>
Upon opening the coffin, the examiners found the body of Pius X remarkably well preserved, despite the fact that he had died 30 years before and had made wishes not to be embalmed. According to Jerome Dai-Gal, "all of the body" of Pius X "was in an excellent state of conservation".<ref name="angelusonline.org"/> At the canonical recognition of his mortal body were present the Italian cardinals [[Alfredo Ottaviani]] and [[Nicola Canali]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.fondazionegiuseppesarto.it/files/supplemento-a-ORIZZONTI-dedicato-a-PIO-X.pdf | title = Pius X saint | language= it | page = 17 | publisher= "Giuseppe Sarto" Foundation | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200802200821/http://www.fondazionegiuseppesarto.it/files/supplemento-a-ORIZZONTI-dedicato-a-PIO-X.pdf | archive-date= August 2, 2020 | url-status= live}}</ref>

After the examination and the end of the apostolic process towards Pius X's cause, Pius XII bestowed the title of [[Venerable]] Servant of God upon Pius X. His body was exposed for 45 days (Rome was liberated by the Allies during this time), before being placed back in his tomb.

Following this, the process towards [[beatification]] began, and investigations by the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints|Sacred Congregation of Rites]] (SCR) into [[miracle]]s performed by intercessory work of Pius X took place. The SCR would eventually recognize two miracles. The first involved Marie-Françoise Deperras, a nun who had [[bone cancer]] and was cured on 7 December 1928 during a [[novena]] in which a relic of Pius X was placed on her chest. The second involved the nun Benedetta De Maria, who had cancer, and in a novena started in 1938, she eventually touched a relic statue of Pius X and was cured.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=APRyDaWqHYQC&q=Pope+Pius+X+miracles&pg=PA160|author=Walter Diethelm |title=Saint Pius X: The Farm Boy who Became Pope|year=1956|pages=160–161|publisher=Ignatius Press |isbn=978-0-89870-469-3}}</ref>

Pope Pius XII officially approved the two miracles on 11 February 1951; and on 4 March, Pius XII, in his ''De Tuto'', declared that the Church could continue in the beatification of Pius X. His beatification took place on 3 June 1951<ref name="index">{{cite book |title=Index ac status causarum beatificationis servorum dei et canonizationis beatorum |date=January 1953 |publisher=Typis polyglottis vaticanis |page=195 |language=Latin}}</ref> at St. Peter's before 23 cardinals, hundreds of bishops and archbishops, and a crowd of 100,000 faithful. During his beatification decree, Pius XII referred to Pius X as "Pope of the Eucharist", in honor of Pius X's expansion of the rite to children.

[[File:piusxtomb.jpg|thumb|left|The tomb of Pope Pius X under the altar of the Chapel of the Presentation in St. Peter's Basilica]]

The cause for Pius X's canonization was opened on 24 November 1951.<ref name="index" /> On 17 February 1952, Pius X's body was transferred from its tomb to the Vatican basilica and placed under the altar of the Chapel of the Presentation in St. Peter's Basilica. The pontiff's body lies within a glass and bronze-work sarcophagus for the faithful to see.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VP2JxzGGlNwC&q=Pope+Pius+X+beatification&pg=PA204|author= Christine Quigley|title=Modern Mummies: The Preservation of the Human Body in the Twentieth Century|publisher=[[McFarland & Company]]|orig-year=First published 1998|year=2006|page=204|isbn=978-0-7864-2851-9}}</ref>

On 29 May 1954, less than three years after his beatification, Pius X was canonized, following the SCR's recognition of two more miracles. The first involved Francesco Belsami, an attorney from [[Naples]] who had a [[human lung|pulmonary]] [[abscess]], who was cured upon placing a picture of Pope Pius X upon his chest. The second miracle involved Sr. Maria Ludovica Scorcia, a nun who was afflicted with a serious [[Nervous system|neurotropic]] virus, and who, upon several novenas, was entirely cured. The canonization Mass was presided over by Pius XII at Saint Peter's Basilica before a crowd of about 800,000<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.museosanpiox.it/international/eng/engpio_x8.html|title=The Canon Process&nbsp;– Museo San Pio X|publisher=Museo san Pio X|place=IT|access-date=23 June 2013}}</ref> of the faithful and Church officials at St. Peter's Basilica. Pius X became the first pope to be canonized since [[Pius V]] in 1712.<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wUgEAAAAMBAJ&q=Pius+X+became+the+first+pope+to+be+canonized+since+Pius+V&pg=PA42|title=Life on the Newsfronts of the World|magazine=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|date=18 January 1954 |page=42}}</ref>

His canonization ceremony was taped and recorded by [[television]] news broadcasters, including [[NBC]].

Prayer cards often depict the sanctified pontiff with instruments of [[Eucharist|Holy Communion]]. In addition to being celebrated as the "Pope of the Blessed Sacrament", Pius X is also the patron saint of emigrants from Treviso. He is honored in numerous parishes in Italy, Germany, Belgium, Canada, and the United States.

The number of parishes, schools, seminaries and retreat houses named after him in Western countries is very large, partly because he was very well known, and his beatification and canonization in the early 1950s was during a period of time following [[World War II]] when there was a great deal of new construction in cities and population growth in the era of the baby boom, thus leading to Catholic institutional expansion that correlated with the growing society.<ref name="Steven M 1997 pp.57-80"/>

Pius X's feast day was assigned in 1955 to 3 September, to be celebrated as a Double. It remained thus for 15 years. In the 1960 calendar, the rank was changed to Third-Class Feast. The rank in the [[General Roman Calendar]] since 1969 is that of [[memorial (liturgy)|Memorial]] and the feast day is obligatorily celebrated on 21 August, closer to the day of his death (20 August, impeded by the feast day of St Bernard).<ref>''Calendarium Romanum'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), pp. 101, 137</ref>

The [[Confraternity of Christian Doctrine]] was a big supporter of his canonization, partly because he had ordained the need for its existence in every diocese and because it had received a great deal of episcopal criticism, and it was thought that by canonizing the pope who gave them their mandate, this would help inoculate against this criticism.<ref name="Steven M 1997 pp.57-80"/> They initiated a prayer crusade for his canonization that achieved the participation of over two million names.<ref name="Steven M 1997 pp.57-80"/>

After the Pope's canonization, another miracle is said to have taken place when a Christian family activist named Clem Lane suffered a major heart attack and was placed in an oxygen tent, where he was given extreme unction. A relic of the Pope was placed over his tent, and he recovered to the great surprise of his doctors.<ref name = "Steven M 1997 pp.57-80"/> A sister of Loretto at Webster College in St Louis, Missouri, claimed that her priest brother had been cured through the Pope's intercession as well.<ref name="Steven M 1997 pp.57-80"/>