Editing Pope Pius IX (section)

===England and Wales===
England for centuries was considered missionary territory for the Catholic Church.{{sfn|Franzen|Bäumer|1988|p=363}} In the wake of [[Catholic emancipation]] in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] (which included all of Ireland), Pius IX changed that with the bull ''[[Universalis Ecclesiae]]'' (29 September 1850). He re-established the Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales, under the newly appointed Archbishop and Cardinal [[Nicholas Wiseman]] with 12 additional episcopal seats: [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark|Southwark]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle|Hexham]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Beverley|Beverley]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool|Liverpool]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford|Salford]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury|Shrewsbury]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Newport and Menevia|Newport]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Clifton|Clifton]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Plymouth|Plymouth]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nottingham|Nottingham]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham|Birmingham]], and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Northampton|Northampton]].{{sfn|Shea|1877|p=195}} Some violent street protests against the "papal aggression" resulted in the passage of the [[Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851]], which forbade any Catholic bishop to use an episcopal title "of any city, town or place, or of any territory or district (under any designation or description whatsoever), in the United Kingdom".<ref name=Act>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RylcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA89 |page=89 |title=Reports from Committees |year=1867 }}</ref> The law was never enforced and was [[repeal]]ed twenty years later.<ref>{{UK-LEG|title=Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1871}}</ref>