Editing Pontius Pilate (section)

====Post-medieval art====
[[File:What-is-truth02.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nikolai Ge]], ''What is truth?'', 1890]]
After the Middle Ages, depictions of Pilate become less frequent, though depictions are still made of his encounter with Jesus,{{sfn|Kirschbaum|1971|p=438}} especially in prints.  In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Pilate was frequently dressed as a Turk or Asian of no specific culture, wearing a turban, long robes, and a long beard, given the same characteristics as the Jews. Notable paintings of this era include [[Tintoretto]]'s ''Christ before Pilate'' (1566/67), in which Pilate is given the forehead of a philosopher, and [[Gerrit van Honthorst]]'s 1617 ''Christ before Pilate'', which was later recatalogued as ''Christ before the High Priest'' due to Pilate's Jewish appearance.{{sfn|Wroe|1999|p=38}}

Following this longer period in which few depictions of Pilate were made, the increased religiosity, and artistic productivity, of the mid-nineteenth century caused a slew of new depictions of Pontius Pilate to be created, now depicted as a Roman.{{sfn|Wroe|1999|p=38}} In 1830, [[J. M. W. Turner]] painted ''Pilate Washing His Hands'', in which the governor himself is not visible, but rather only the back of his chair,{{sfn|Wroe|1999|p=185}} with lamenting women in the foreground. One famous nineteenth-century painting of Pilate is ''Christ before Pilate'' (1881) by the Hungarian painter [[Mihály Munkácsy]]: the work brought Munkácsy great fame and celebrity in his lifetime, making his reputation and being popular in the United States in particular, where the painting was purchased.{{sfn|Morowitz|2009|pp=184–186}} In 1896, Munkácsy painted a second painting featuring Christ and Pilate, ''Ecce homo'', which however was never exhibited in the United States; both paintings portray Jesus's fate as in the hands of the crowd rather than Pilate.{{sfn|Morowitz|2009|p=191}} The "most famous of nineteenth-century pictures"{{sfn|Wroe|1999|p=182}} of Pilate is ''What is truth?'' ({{Lang|ru|"Что есть истина?"|italics=yes}}) by the Russian painter [[Nikolai Ge]], which was completed in 1890; the painting was banned from exhibition in Russia in part because the figure of Pilate was identified as representing the [[tsarist]] authorities.{{sfn|Wroe|1999|pp=182–185}} In 1893, Ge painted another painting, ''Golgotha'', in which Pilate is represented only by his commanding hand, sentencing Jesus to death.{{sfn|Wroe|1999|p=185}} The [[Scala sancta]], supposedly the staircase from Pilate's praetorium, now located in Rome, is flanked by a life-sized sculpture of Christ and Pilate in the ''Ecce homo'' scene made in the nineteenth century by the Italian sculptor [[Ignazio Jacometti]].{{sfn|Hourihane|2009|p=392}}

[[File:Pasión-Ecce_Homo.jpg|thumb|right|''Ecce Homo'' by [[Josep Maria Subirachs|Subirachs]] from [[Sagrada Familia|Basilica of the Sagrada Familia]] in Barcelona.]]
The image of Pilate condemning Jesus to death is commonly encountered today as the first scene of the [[Stations of the Cross]], first found in [[Franciscan]] [[Catholic church]]es in the seventeenth century and found in almost all Catholic churches since the nineteenth century.{{sfn|MacAdam|2001|p=90}}{{sfn|MacAdam|2017|pp=138–139}}<ref>''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' (1907). s.v. [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15569a.htm "The Way of the Cross"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091210/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15569a.htm |date=27 March 2019 }}.</ref>