Editing Political history of France (section)

===July Monarchy===
{{main|July Monarchy}}

After the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, royal power was once again secured and the July Monarchy was established. The July Monarchy governed under principles of moderate conservatism, and improved relations with the [[United Kingdom|UK]]. The July Revolution was a second French Revolution. It led to the overthrow of King [[Charles X of France|Charles X]], the French [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] monarch, and the ascent of his cousin [[Louis Philippe I|Louis Philippe]], Duke of Orléans. After 18 precarious years on the throne, Louis-Philippe was overthrown in the [[French Revolution of 1848]].

The 1830 Revolution marked a shift from one [[constitutional monarchy]], under the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|restored House of Bourbon]], to another, the July Monarchy; the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to its [[cadet branch]], the [[House of Orléans]]; and the replacement of the principle of [[hereditary right]] by that of [[popular sovereignty]]. Supporters of the Bourbons would be called [[Legitimist]]s, and supporters of Louis Philippe were known as [[Orléanist]]s. In addition, there continued to be [[Bonapartists]] supporting the return of Napoleon's descendants.

The July Monarchy, officially the Kingdom of France, was a [[liberalism|liberal]] [[constitutional monarchy]] in France under {{lang|fr|[[Louis Philippe I]]|italic=no}}, starting on 26 July 1830, with the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, and ending 23 February 1848, with the [[French Revolution of 1848|Revolution of 1848]]. It marks the end of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1814–1830). It began with the overthrow of the conservative government of [[Charles X of France|Charles X]], the last king of the main line [[House of Bourbon]].
 
{{lang|fr|Louis Philippe|italic=no}}, a member of the more liberal [[House of Orléans|Orléans branch]] of the House of Bourbon, proclaimed himself as {{lang|fr|Roi des Français}} ("[[popular monarchy|King of the French]]") rather than "King of France", emphasizing the popular origins of his reign. The king promised to follow the ''[[juste milieu]]'', or the middle-of-the-road, avoiding the extremes of both the conservative supporters of Charles X and radicals on the left.

The July Monarchy was dominated by wealthy [[bourgeoisie]] and numerous former [[Napoleon]]ic officials. It followed conservative policies, especially under the influence (1840–48) of {{lang|fr|[[François Guizot]]|italic=no}}. The king promoted friendship with the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and sponsored colonial expansion, notably the [[French conquest of Algeria]]. By 1848, [[revolutions of 1848|a year in which many European states had a revolution]], the king's popularity had collapsed, and he abdicated.