Editing Piezoelectricity (section)

===Impact Energy Absorption and Smart Sensing Devices===
Recent advancements in piezoelectric materials have led to the development of multifunctional composites that integrate mechanical protection with sensing capabilities.<ref name="Kim2020">{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Dong Wook |display-authors=etal |title=Material aspects of triboelectric energy generation and sensors |journal=NPG Asia Materials |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=6 |year=2020 |doi=10.1038/s41427-019-0176-0 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="Safaei2019">{{cite journal |last1=Safaei |first1=Mohsen |last2=Sodano |first2=Henry A. |last3=Anton |first3=Steven R. |title=A review of energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials: state-of-the-art a decade later (2008–2018) |journal=Smart Materials and Structures |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=113001 |year=2019 |doi=10.1088/1361-665X/ab36e4 |bibcode=2019SMaS...28k3001S |doi-access=free }}</ref>

One notable innovation involves the growth of [[Potassium sodium tartrate|Rochelle salt]]<ref name="RochelleSalt">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-012396561-5/50014-1 |chapter=Ferroelectrics, Piezoelectrics, and Pyroelectrics |title=Dielectric Phenomena in Solids |date=2004 |last1=Kao |first1=Kwan Chi |pages=213–282 |isbn=978-0-12-396561-5 }}</ref> (RS) crystals within 3D-printed, bioinspired structures. Researchers have used [[Cuttlebone|cuttlefish bone]] as a model for designing porous frameworks, which provide high stiffness and impact absorption due to their chambered microstructure. By growing RS crystals within these structures, the resulting composite achieves enhanced piezoelectric properties while maintaining significant mechanical strength.<ref name="He 2023">{{cite journal |last1=He |first1=Qingqing |last2=Zeng |first2=Yushun |last3=Jiang |first3=Laiming |last4=Wang |first4=Ziyu |title=Growing recyclable and healable piezoelectric composites in 3D printed bioinspired structure for protective wearable sensors |journal=Nature Communications |volume=14 |pages=6477 |year=2023 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-41740-6 |pmid=37838708 |pmc=10576793 |bibcode=2023NatCo..14.6477H }}</ref>

These RS-based composites demonstrate remarkable impact energy absorption and real-time sensing capabilities. Under cyclic impacts, they maintain stable piezoelectric output for thousands of cycles, with peak output voltages reaching approximately 8 V and a measured piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of around 30 pC/N.<ref name="He 2023" /> Such performance enables the detection of both the magnitude and location of impacts, making the material suitable for applications in wearable protective gear, including smart armor for athletes and fall detection devices for elderly individuals.

A distinguishing feature of these composites is their sustainability and recyclability. Rochelle salt crystals can be dissolved and regrown within the structure, allowing damaged materials to be repaired. Recycled samples retain up to 95% of their original performance, significantly extending the material's lifespan and promoting eco-friendly usage.
Applications extend beyond sports and medical devices, with potential use in aerospace, military armor, and structural health monitoring systems. These advancements highlight the evolving versatility of piezoelectric materials in modern technology.<ref name="He 2023" />