Editing Passover Seder (section)

===''Bareich'' (Grace after Meals)===
The recital of [[Birkat Hamazon]].
[[File:Sederschälchen.jpg|thumb|Seder cups, dated between 1790 and 1810. In the [[Jewish Museum of Switzerland]]’s collection.]]

==== ''Kos Shlishi'' (the Third Cup of Wine) ====
The drinking of the Third Cup of Wine.

Note: The Third Cup is customarily poured before the [[Birkat Hamazon|Grace after Meals]] is recited because the Third Cup also serves as a [[Birkat Hamazon#Cup of Blessing|Cup of Blessing]] associated with the Grace after Meals on special occasions.

==== ''Kos shel Eliyahu ha-Navi'' (cup of Elijah the Prophet); Miriam's cup ====
In many traditions, the front door of the house is opened at this point. [[Psalms]] 79:6–7 is recited in both Ashkenazi and Sephardi traditions, plus [[Book of Lamentations|Lamentations]] 3:66 among Ashkenazim.

Most Ashkenazim have the custom to fill both a fourth and a fifth cup at this point. This relates to a Talmudic discussion that concerns the number of cups that are supposed to be drunk. Given that the four cups are in reference to the four expressions of redemption in Exodus 6:6–7, some rabbis felt that it was important to include a fifth cup for the fifth expression of redemption in Exodus 6:8. All agreed that five cups should be poured but the question as to whether or not the fifth should be drunk, given that the fifth expression of redemption concerned being brought into the Land of Israel, which – by this stage – was no longer possessed of an autonomous Jewish community, remained insoluble. The rabbis determined that the matter should be left until [[Elijah]] (in reference to the notion that Elijah's arrival would precipitate the coming of the [[Moshiach]] (Jewish Messiah), at which time all halakhic questions will be resolved) and the fifth cup came to be known as the ''Kos shel Eliyahu'' ("Cup of Elijah"). Over time, people came to relate this cup to the notion that Elijah will visit each Jewish home on Seder night as a foreshadowing of his future arrival at the end of the days, when he will come to announce the coming of the Moshiach, and that the door is opened for him to enter.<ref name=Trachtenberg>{{Cite book|last=Trachtenberg|first=Joshua|author-link=Joshua Trachtenberg|chapter=STRATAGEM|chapter-url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/jms/jms13.htm#page_166|title=Jewish Magic and Superstition|location=Philadelphia|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|year=2004|orig-date=Originally published 1939|isbn=9780812218626|pages=166–167|access-date=Mar 22, 2023}}</ref>

Some seders (including the original Women's Seder, but not limited to women-only seders) now set out a cup for the prophet Miriam as well as the traditional cup for the prophet Elijah, sometimes accompanied by a ritual to honor Miriam.<ref name="miriamscup.com">[http://www.miriamscup.com/RitualFirst.htm Miriam's Cup: Miriam's Cup rituals for the family Passover seder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504070956/http://www.miriamscup.com/RitualFirst.htm |date=2015-05-04 }}. Miriamscup.com. Retrieved on 18 October 2011.</ref> Miriam's cup originated in the 1980s in a Boston [[Rosh Chodesh]] group; it was invented by Stephanie Loo, who filled it with mayim hayim (living waters) and used it in a feminist ceremony of [[guided meditation]].<ref name="Jweekly.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/74341/why-miriams-cup-because-without-miriam-jewish-life-would-not-exist/ |title=Why Miriam's Cup? Because without Miriam, Jewish life would not exist &#124; j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California |newspaper=J |publisher=Jweekly.com |date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2015-04-13}}</ref> Miriam's cup is linked to the ''[[midrash]]'' of [[Miriam#Jewish culture|Miriam's well]], which "is a rabbinic legend that tells of a miraculous well that accompanied the Israelites during their 40 years in the desert at the Exodus from Egypt".<ref name="Esserman defrosting">{{cite news|last=Esserman|first=Rachel|title=Defrosting Judaism: A look at the Ritualwell Website|url=http://www.rrc.edu/sites/default/files/legacy/Defrosting%20Judaism%20-%20Esserman.pdf|access-date=29 January 2014|newspaper=The Reporter|date=1 September 2006|agency=Jewish Federation of Greater Binghamton|location=Binghamton, NY|page=5|format=Print|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064500/http://www.rrc.edu/sites/default/files/legacy/Defrosting%20Judaism%20-%20Esserman.pdf|archive-date=2014-04-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Miriam's Cup">{{cite web |url=http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Passover/The_Seder/Seder_Plate_and_Table/Miriams_Cup.shtml |title=Miriam's Cup |publisher=My Jewish Learning |date=2014-01-22 |access-date=2015-04-13 |archive-date=2015-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303203738/http://www.myjewishlearning.com/holidays/Jewish_Holidays/Passover/The_Seder/Seder_Plate_and_Table/Miriams_Cup.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>