Editing Ottawa (section)

==Culture and contemporary life==
[[File:Byward Market Sunset.jpg|thumb|[[ByWard Market]] is a retail and entertainment district in Downtown Ottawa.]]
Traditionally, the [[ByWard Market]] (in Lower Town), Parliament Hill and the [[Golden Triangle (Ottawa, Canada)|Golden Triangle]] (both in Centretown – Downtown) have been the focal points of the cultural scenes in Ottawa.{{sfn|Hale|2011|pp=59–60}} Modern thoroughfares such as [[Wellington Street (Ottawa)|Wellington Street]], [[Rideau Street]], [[Sussex Drive]], [[Elgin Street (Ottawa)|Elgin Street]], [[Bank Street (Ottawa)|Bank Street]], [[Somerset Street (Ottawa)|Somerset Street]], [[Preston Street (Ottawa)|Preston Street]], Richmond Road in [[Westboro, Ottawa|Westboro]], and [[Sparks Street]] are home to many boutiques, museums, theatres, galleries, landmarks and memorials in addition to eating establishments, cafes, bars and nightclubs.{{sfn|Hale|2011|pp=61–68}}

As Canada's capital, Ottawa has played host to many significant cultural events in [[Canadian history]], including the first visit of the reigning [[Monarchy of Canada|Canadian sovereign]]—[[George VI|King George VI]], with [[List of royal consorts of Canada|his consort]], [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]]—[[1939 royal tour of Canada|to his parliament, on 19 May 1939]].<ref name="BousfieldToffoli1989">{{cite book |author1=Arthur Bousfield |author2=Garry Toffoli |title=Royal spring: the royal tour of 1939 and the Queen Mother in Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Go5p_CN8UQC&pg=PA34 |year=1989 |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=978-1-55002-065-6 |page=34 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425102153/https://books.google.com/books?id=1Go5p_CN8UQC&pg=PA34 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Victory in Europe Day|VE Day]] was marked with a large celebration on 8 May 1945,<ref name="Granatstein2005n">{{cite book |author=J. L. Granatstein |title=The last good war: an illustrated history of Canada in the Second World War, 1939–1945 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastgoodwarillus0000gran |url-access=registration |date=21 March 2005 |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |isbn=978-1-55054-913-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lastgoodwarillus0000gran/page/223 223]– |access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> the first raising of [[Flag of Canada|the country's new national flag]] took place on 15 February 1965,<ref name="Solski2006">{{cite book |author=Ruth Solski |title=Big Book of Canadian Celebrations: Grades 4–6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8s7-m6yOnwC&pg=PA83 |year=2006 |publisher=S&S Learning Materials |isbn=978-1-55035-851-3 |page=83 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425091723/https://books.google.com/books?id=w8s7-m6yOnwC&pg=PA83 |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Canadian Centennial|centennial of Confederation]] was celebrated on 1 July 1967.<ref name="Ord2003">{{cite book |author=Douglas Ord |title=The National Gallery of Canada: ideas, art, architecture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIUPghtfGyIC&pg=PA369 |year=2003 |publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP |isbn=978-0-7735-2509-2 |page=369 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502120811/https://books.google.com/books?id=lIUPghtfGyIC&pg=PA369 |archive-date=2 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Queen [[Elizabeth II]] was in Ottawa on 17 April 1982, to issue a [[Proclamation|royal proclamation]] of the enactment of the [[Constitution Act, 1982|Constitution Act]].<ref name="Hayes2008">{{cite book |author=Derek Hayes |title=Canada: an illustrated history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hrkq7t_4080C&pg=PA271 |year=2008 |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |isbn=978-1-55365-259-5 |page=271 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020500/https://books.google.com/books?id=hrkq7t_4080C&pg=PA271 |archive-date=5 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1983, [[Prince Charles]] and [[Diana Princess of Wales]] came to Ottawa for a state dinner hosted by then Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/princess-di-across-canada/article2060598/ |title=Princess Di across Canada |work=Globe and Mail |date=22 June 2011 |access-date=25 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625121249/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/princess-di-across-canada/article2060598/ |archive-date=25 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Ottawa was selected as the first city to receive [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge]], and [[Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge]] during their [[2011 royal tour of Canada|tour of Canada]].<ref name="2011-06-30-HCH">{{cite news |title=Royal tour begins with unhurried walkabout |url=http://thechronicleherald.ca/Front/9021323.html |access-date=30 June 2011 |newspaper=The Chronicle-Herald |date=30 June 2011 |agency=The Canadian Press |location=Halifax NS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702195512/http://thechronicleherald.ca/Front/9021323.html |archive-date=2 July 2011}}</ref>

Ottawa was featured in the short story collection ''[[For Your Eyes Only (short story collection)|For Your Eyes Only]]'', by [[Ian Fleming]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrew King: For Our Eyes Only, tracking Bond in Ottawa |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/andrew-king-for-our-eyes-only-tracking-bond-in-ottawa |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=ottawacitizen |language=en-CA |archive-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316053149/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/andrew-king-for-our-eyes-only-tracking-bond-in-ottawa |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:War Memorial Guards Ottawa.jpg|alt=The National War Memorial|thumb|upright|The [[National War Memorial (Canada)|National War Memorial]]]]

===Landmarks===
{{main|List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Ottawa|List of designated heritage properties in Ottawa}}

There is one [[World Heritage Site]] in Ottawa, the [[Rideau Canal]], along with 25 [[National Historic Site of Canada|National Historic Sites of Canada]] in Ottawa, including the Château Laurier, the [[Parliament of Canada]], Confederation Square, the former Ottawa Teachers' College and [[Laurier House]]. Many other properties of cultural value have been designated as having "heritage elements" by the City of Ottawa under Part IV of the ''[[Ontario Heritage Act]]''.<ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Heritage Designation Program |url=http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/planning/built_heritage/designation/index_en.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617044338/http://www.ottawa.ca/residents/planning/built_heritage/designation/index_en.html |archive-date=17 June 2011 |access-date=8 June 2011 |publisher=City of Ottawa}}</ref>

===Arts===
{{See also|List of attractions in Ottawa|List of museums in Ottawa}}
[[File:CanadianMuseumofNature2010-05-19.JPG|thumb|The [[Canadian Museum of Nature]] is Canada's national museum of [[natural history]] and [[natural science]].]]

==== Performing and visual arts ====
The [[Ottawa Little Theatre]], founded in 1913 as the Ottawa Drama League, is Ottawa's longest-running community theatre company.{{sfn|Hale|2011|p=60}} Since 1969, Ottawa has been the home of the National Arts Centre, a major performing arts venue that houses four stages and is home to the [[National Arts Centre Orchestra]], the [[Ottawa Symphony Orchestra]] and [[Opera Lyra Ottawa]].<ref>{{cite web |date=17 March 1970 |title=NAC History |url=http://www.nac-cna.ca/en/about/nachistory/index.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621090354/http://nac-cna.ca/en/about/nachistory/index.cfm |archive-date=21 June 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |publisher=National Arts Centre}}</ref>

Established in 1975, the [[Great Canadian Theatre Company]] specializes in the production of Canadian plays at a local level.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2011 |title=Great Canadian Theatre Company |url=http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Great%20Canadian%20Theatre%20Company |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204044118/http://www.canadiantheatre.com/dict.pl?term=Great%20Canadian%20Theatre%20Company |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=1 September 2011 |publisher=Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia}}</ref> The cities museum landscape is notable for containing six of Canada's nine national museums, the [[Canada Agriculture Museum|Canada Agriculture and Food Museum]], the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]], the [[Canada Science and Technology Museum]], Canadian Museum of Nature, [[Canadian War Museum]] and National Gallery of Canada.<ref>{{cite web |title=City of Ottawa – Museums and History |url=http://ottawa.ca/visitors/what_to_do/museums_history_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530162324/http://www.ottawa.ca/visitors/what_to_do/museums_history_en.html |archive-date=30 May 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |publisher=City of Ottawa}}</ref> The [[National Gallery of Canada]]; designed by famous architect [[Moshe Safdie]], it is a permanent home to the [[Maman (sculpture)|''Maman'']] sculpture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ottawatourism.ca/old/de/visitors/attractions/fast-facts-ottawa/366-fast-facts-national-gallery |title=National Gallery of Canada – Ottawa Tourism Official Site |publisher=Ottawatourism.ca |access-date=7 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006194316/http://www.ottawatourism.ca/old/de/visitors/attractions/fast-facts-ottawa/366-fast-facts-national-gallery |archive-date=6 October 2011}}</ref> The [[Canadian War Museum]] houses over 3.75&nbsp;million artifacts and was moved to an expanded facility in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.warmuseum.ca/about-us/corporation/about-the-corporation/about-the-canadian-museum-of-civilization-corporation/ |title=WarMuseum.ca – About the Museum – Mission |publisher=Civilization.ca |access-date=7 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027150013/http://www.warmuseum.ca/about-us/corporation/about-the-corporation/about-the-canadian-museum-of-civilization-corporation/ |archive-date=27 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Canadian Museum of Nature was built in 1905, and underwent a major renovation between 2004 and 2010, leading to a centrepiece Blue Whale skeleton, and the creation of a monthly nightclub experience, ''Nature Nocturne''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Canada |url=http://nature.ca/en/about-us/history-buildings/museum-history |title=Museum History &#124; Canadian Museum of Nature |publisher=Nature.ca |date=19 January 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109032533/http://nature.ca/en/about-us/history-buildings/museum-history |archive-date=9 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=CBC News Ottawa |date=2012 |title=Museum of Nature to transform into nightclub |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/museum-of-nature-to-transform-into-nightclub-1.1242324 |access-date=25 July 2022 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725022939/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/museum-of-nature-to-transform-into-nightclub-1.1242324 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2010 |title=Rare blue whale skeleton on display at Ottawa's Canadian Museum of Nature |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/travel/2010/06/04/rare_blue_whale_skeleton_on_display_at_ottawas_canadian_museum_of_nature.html |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=thestar.com |language=en |archive-date=25 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725022939/https://www.thestar.com/life/travel/2010/06/04/rare_blue_whale_skeleton_on_display_at_ottawas_canadian_museum_of_nature.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
Ottawa is home to several regional dishes. As a city with traditional French-Canadian roots, staples such as [[poutine]] are served throughout the city. However, many consider [[shawarma]] Ottawa's official dish;<ref name="Official dish">{{cite news |title=Ottawa's official food: What dish defines us? |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-official-food-donair-shawarma-1.3356996 |access-date=20 August 2022 |agency=CBC |publisher=CBC News |date=9 December 2015 |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820051943/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-official-food-donair-shawarma-1.3356996 |url-status=live}}</ref> the city contains more shawarma restaurants than anywhere else in Canada.<ref name="Shawarma Capital">{{cite web |last1=Deachman |first1=Bruce |title=Shawarma: the staple of Ottawa cuisine |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/shawarma-the-staple-of-ottawa-cuisine |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |access-date=20 August 2022 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119004455/https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/shawarma-the-staple-of-ottawa-cuisine |url-status=live}}</ref> The city is also home to "Ottawa-style" [[pizza]], consisting usually of a thicker doughy crust and slightly spicy pizza sauce, with the toppings baked under a heavy layer of cheese, keeping the toppings soft.<ref name="Ottawa style pizza.">{{cite web |last1=Gankina |first1=Sonya |title=Ottawa Pizza Podcast celebrates the uniqueness of Ottawa-style pizza |url=https://apt613.ca/ottawa-pizza-podcast-celebrates-the-uniqueness-of-ottawa-style-pizza/ |website=Apt 613 |access-date=20 August 2022 |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810070716/https://apt613.ca/ottawa-pizza-podcast-celebrates-the-uniqueness-of-ottawa-style-pizza/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fried dough|Beaver tails]], a fried dough pastry, were first created in Ottawa in the 1970s. [[Le Cordon Bleu]] has a long-established culinary arts institute in the central Ottawa neighbourhood of Sandy Hill, the only Le Cordon Bleu campus in North America.<ref name="Le Cordon Bleu">{{cite web |title=Le Cordon Bleu |url=https://www.cordonbleu.edu/ottawa/en |website=Le Cordon Bleu |access-date=22 August 2022 |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816035134/https://www.cordonbleu.edu/ottawa/en |url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Ice slide Winterlude Ottawa 2007.jpg|thumb|[[Winterlude]] is an annual [[winter festival]] held in Ottawa.]]

===Festivals===
{{See also|List of festivals in Ottawa}}

Ottawa hosts a variety of annual seasonal activities—such as [[Winterlude]], the largest festival in Canada,<ref>{{cite web |last=Buckland |first=Jason |date=4 July 2010 |title=2. Winterlude – Biggest festivals in Canada |url=http://money.ca.msn.com/savings-debt/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=24740236&page=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009153634/http://money.ca.msn.com/savings-debt/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=24740236&page=7 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=13 July 2011 |publisher=Money.ca.msn.com}}</ref> and [[Canada Day]] celebrations on Parliament Hill and surrounding downtown area, as well as [[Ottawa Bluesfest|Bluesfest]], [[Canadian Tulip Festival]], [[Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival]], [[Ottawa International Jazz Festival]], [[Ottawa Fringe Festival|Fringe Festival]], [[Capital Pride (Ottawa)|Capital Pride]], and [[CityFolk Festival]], that have grown to become some of the largest festivals of their kind in the world.<ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Ottawa Bluesfest |url=http://www.ottawa-information-guide.com/ottawa-bluesfest.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110704093409/http://www.ottawa-information-guide.com/ottawa-bluesfest.html |archive-date=4 July 2011 |access-date=29 June 2011 |publisher=Ottawa-Information-Guide}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Clapperton |first1=Nina |title=Ottawa Tulip Festival |url=https://ninaoutandabout.ca/canadian-ottawa-tulip-festival/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410012548/https://ninaoutandabout.ca/canadian-ottawa-tulip-festival/ |archive-date=10 April 2022 |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=Nina Out and About}}</ref> In 2010, Ottawa's Festival industry received the [[International Festivals and Events Association|IFEA]] "World Festival and Event City Award" for the category of North American cities with a population between 500,000 and 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 September 2010 |title=2010 IFEA World Festival & Event City Award |url=http://www.ifea.com/joomla1_5/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=244&Itemid=476 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713003630/http://www.ifea.com/joomla1_5/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=244&Itemid=476 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=29 June 2011 |publisher=International Festivals and Events Association}}</ref>