Editing Old Norse (section)

==== Old Norwegian ====
{{Further|Old Norwegian}}

Around the 11th century, Old Norwegian {{angbr IPA|hl}}, {{angbr IPA|hn}}, and {{angbr IPA|hr}} became {{angbr IPA|l}}, {{angbr IPA|n}} and {{angbr IPA|r}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/Ling450ch/reports/norwegian.html |title=Introduction – History of Norwegian up to 1349 |access-date=21 May 2023 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131064838/https://linguistics.byu.edu/classes/Ling450ch/reports/norwegian.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=February 2024}}<ref name=Hagland2002>{{Cite book |last=Hagland |first=Jan Ragnar |title=The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2002 |isbn=3-11-014876-5 |volume=1 |location=Berlin |pages=1015–1017 |chapter=Dialects and written language in Old Nordic I: Old Norwegian and Old Icelandic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Faarlund |first=Jan Terje |title=The Germanic Languages |publisher=Routledge |year=1995 |editor-last=Konig |editor-first=Ekkehard |edition=1st |location=London |pages=38–71 |chapter=Old and Middle Scandinavian |doi=10.4324/9781315812786 |isbn=978-1-315-81278-6 |editor-last2=Auwera |editor-first2=Johan van der}}</ref> It is debatable whether the {{angbr IPA|hC}} sequences represented a consonant cluster ({{IPA|/hC/}}) or devoicing ({{IPA|/C̥/}}).

Orthographic evidence suggests that in a confined dialect of Old Norwegian, {{IPA|/ɔ/}} may have been unrounded before {{IPA|/u/}} and that ''u''-umlaut was reversed unless the ''u'' had been eliminated: {{lang|non|ǫll}}, {{lang|non|ǫllum}} > {{lang|non|ǫll}}, {{lang|non|allum}}.<ref>{{citation|author-link = Hans Henrich Hock| last = Hock | first = Hans Henrich | title = Principles of Historical Linguistics | year = 1986 |page = 149 }}</ref>