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==References== {{refbegin|60em}} * {{cite journal |author=Armstrong, Dan |title=The Norman Conquest of England, the Papacy, and the Papal Banner |journal=The Haskins Society Journal |year=2021 |volume=32 |pages=47β72 |doi=10.1017/9781800104471.004|isbn=978-1-80010-447-1 }} * {{cite book |author=Bates, David |author-link=David Bates (historian) |title=Normandy Before 1066 |publisher=Longman |location=London |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-582-48492-4 }} * {{cite book |author=Bates, David |author-link=David Bates (historian) |title=William the Conqueror |publisher=Tempus |location=Stroud, UK |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7524-1980-0 }} * {{cite book |author=Bennett, Matthew |title= Campaigns of the Norman Conquest |series = Essential Histories |publisher=Osprey |location=Oxford, UK |year=2001 |isbn=978-1-84176-228-9}} * {{cite book |author=Carpenter, David |author-link= David Carpenter (historian) |title=The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066β1284 |publisher=Penguin |location= New York|year=2004 |isbn=978-0-14-014824-4 }} * {{cite book |author=Chibnall, Marjorie |author-link= Marjorie Chibnall |title=Anglo-Norman England 1066β1166 |publisher=Basil Blackwell |location=Oxford, UK |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-631-15439-6 }} * {{cite book |author=Chibnall, Marjorie |author-link= Marjorie Chibnall |title=The Debate on the Norman Conquest |series=Issues in Historiography |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=Manchester, UK |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-7190-4913-2 }} * {{cite book |author=Ciggaar, Krijna Nelly |title=Western Travellers to Constantinople: the West and Byzantium, 962β1204 |year=1996 |isbn=978-90-04-10637-6 |publisher= Brill |location= Leiden, Netherlands}} * {{cite book | author=Clanchy, M. T. |title=England and its Rulers: 1066β1307 |publisher= Blackwell |edition=Third |year=2006 |series=Blackwell Classic Histories of England |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-4051-0650-4}} * {{cite book |author=Crouch, David |author-link= David Crouch (historian) |title=The Normans: The History of a Dynasty |publisher=Hambledon & London |location=London |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-85285-595-6 }} * {{cite book |author=Crystal, David|title=The English Language: A Guided Tour of the Language |section=The Story of Middle English |publisher=Penguin |location=New York |edition=Second |date=2002 |isbn= 0-14-100396-0}} * {{cite book |author=Daniell, Christopher |title= From Norman Conquest to Magna Carta: England, 1066β1215 |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-415-22216-7 |publisher=Routledge |location= London}} * {{cite book |author= Douglas, David C. |author-link= David C. Douglas |title= William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England|year=1964 |publisher= University of California Press |location= Berkeley |oclc= 399137 }} * {{cite book |author=Gravett, Christopher |author-link=Christopher Gravett |title=Hastings 1066: The Fall of Saxon England |series= Campaign |volume=13 |publisher = Osprey |year=1992 |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-84176-133-6}} * {{cite book |author1=Hallam, Elizabeth M. |author2=Everard, Judith |title=Capetian France 987β1328 |edition=Second|publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-582-40428-1}} * {{cite book |author=Heath, Ian |title=Byzantine Armies AD 1118β1461 |publisher=Osprey |year=1995 |location=London |isbn=978-1-85532-347-6}} * {{cite book |author=Higham, Nick |title=The Death of Anglo-Saxon England |publisher=Sutton |location=Stroud, UK |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-7509-2469-6}} * {{cite book |author=Huscroft, Richard |title=The Norman Conquest: A New Introduction |publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4058-1155-2 }} * {{cite book |author=Huscroft, Richard |title=Ruling England 1042β1217 |publisher=Pearson/Longman |location=London |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-582-84882-5 }} * {{cite book |author1=Kaufman, J. E. |author2=Kaufman, H. W. |name-list-style=amp |title=The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts, and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=Cambridge, MA |year=2001|isbn=978-0-306-81358-0}} * {{cite encyclopedia |author=Keynes, Simon |author-link=Simon Keynes |title=Charters and Writs |encyclopedia = Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England |publisher = Blackwell|pages=99β100 |editor1=Lapidge, Michael |editor-link=Michael Lapidge |editor2=Blair, John |editor3=Keynes, Simon |editor4=Scragg, Donald |location=Malden, MA |isbn=978-0-631-22492-1 |year=2001}} * {{cite encyclopedia |author=Keynes, Simon |author-link=Simon Keynes |title=Harthacnut |encyclopedia = Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England |publisher = Blackwell|pages=229β230 |editor1=Lapidge, Michael |editor-link=Michael Lapidge |editor2=Blair, John |editor3=Keynes, Simon |editor4=Scragg, Donald |location=Malden, MA |isbn=978-0-631-22492-1 |year=2001}} * {{cite book |author=Lawson, M. K. |title=The Battle of Hastings: 1066 |publisher=Tempus |location=Stroud, UK |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7524-1998-5 }} * {{cite book |author=Liddiard, Robert |year=2005 |title=Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500 |publisher=Windgather Press |location=Macclesfield, UK |isbn=978-0-9545575-2-2}} * {{cite book |author=Loyn, H. R.|author-link= H. R. Loyn |title=The Governance of Anglo-Saxon England, 500β1087 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location=Stanford, CA |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-8047-1217-0}} * {{cite book |author=Marren, Peter |title=1066: The Battles of York, Stamford Bridge & Hastings |publisher=Leo Cooper |series = Battleground Britain |location=Barnsley, UK |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-85052-953-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia |author= Roffe, David |title=Hereward (fl. 1070β1071) |encyclopedia = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/13074 |access-date= 29 March 2013 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/13074}} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book |author=Singman, Jeffrey L. |title=Daily Life in Medieval Europe |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |series = Daily Life Through History | year=1999 |isbn=978-0-313-30273-2}} * {{cite book |author=Stafford, Pauline |author-link=Pauline Stafford |title= Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries |publisher=Edward Arnold |location=London |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-7131-6532-6 }} * {{cite book |author=Stenton, F. M. |author-link= Frank Stenton |title= Anglo-Saxon England|year= 1971|publisher= Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |edition=Third |isbn=978-0-19-280139-5}} * {{cite book |author=Thomas, Hugh M. |title=The English and the Normans |year=2003 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-925123-0}} * {{cite book |author=Thomas, Hugh |title=The Norman Conquest: England after William the Conqueror |series=Critical Issues in History |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc |location=Lanham, MD |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7425-3840-5 }} * {{cite journal|author=Thomas, Hugh M. |title=The Significance and Fate of the Native English Landowners of 1086 |date=April 2003 |journal=[[The English Historical Review]] |volume=118 |pages=303β333 |doi=10.1093/ehr/118.476.303 |issue=476 |jstor= 3490123}} * {{cite book |author=Walker, Ian |title=Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King |publisher=Wrens Park |location=Gloucestershire, UK |year=2000|isbn=978-0-905778-46-4 }} * {{cite book |author=Williams, Ann |author-link= Ann Williams (historian) |title= Γthelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King |publisher=Hambledon & London |location=London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85285-382-2 }} * {{cite encyclopedia| author= Williams, Ann |author-link= Ann Williams (historian) |title=Eadric the Wild (fl. 1067β1072) |encyclopedia =Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8512 |access-date= 29 March 2013 |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/8512}} {{ODNBsub}} * {{cite book |author=Williams, Ann |author-link= Ann Williams (historian) |title=The English and the Norman Conquest |publisher=Boydell Press |location=Ipswich, UK |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-85115-708-5 }} {{refend}}
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