Editing Norfolk, Virginia (section)

==Government==
Norfolk is heavily Democratic. Since 1900 it has only voted Republican in four elections, each of which was a national landslide. The last time it supported a Republican presidential candidate was in 1972, and since the turn of the century it has voted Democratic by over 60% in every election.<ref>https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/</ref>

{{PresHead|place=Norfolk, Virginia|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|website=uselectionatlas.org}} Retrieved 2020-12-08.</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Democratic|24,377|59,941|1,691|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2020|Democratic|23,443|64,440|1,998|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2016|Democratic|21,552|57,023|4,810|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2012|Democratic|23,147|62,687|1,209|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2008|Democratic|24,814|62,819|813|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2004|Democratic|26,401|43,518|651|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|21,920|38,221|1,805|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|18,693|37,655|3,776|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|22,362|37,602|9,063|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|30,538|37,778|575|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1984|Democratic|36,360|38,913|243|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|27,506|35,118|4,576|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|28,099|39,295|3,008|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|38,385|25,737|2,095|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|22,302|28,477|15,050|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|18,429|32,388|729|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|17,174|22,037|262|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|18,650|14,571|1,304|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|14,166|11,862|46|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|7,556|9,370|1,534|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|4,958|12,010|28|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|3,485|10,783|36|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|3,229|10,561|59|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|4,403|8,814|250|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|8,392|5,888|0|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|2,447|5,061|416|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|2,386|5,953|78|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|963|3,234|95|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|195|3,539|494|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1908|Democratic|991|2,271|30|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1904|Democratic|977|2,559|60|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|3,024|3,883|62|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|3,475|3,068|166|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1892|Democratic|2,452|2,587|97|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1888|Republican|3,741|1,969|23|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1884|Republican|2,913|2,392|0|Virginia}}
{{PresFoot|1880|Republican|2,047|2,012|0|Virginia}}

Norfolk is an [[independent city (United States)#Virginia|independent city]] with services that both counties and cities in Virginia provide, such as a [[Sheriffs in the United States|sheriff]], social services, and a court system. Norfolk operates under a council-manager form of government.

Norfolk city government consists of a [[city council]] with representatives from seven districts serving in a [[Legislature|legislative]] and oversight capacity, as well as a popularly elected, at-large [[mayor]]. The [[city manager]] serves as head of the [[Executive (government)|executive branch]] and supervises all city departments and executing policies adopted by the council. Citizens in each of the five wards elect one council representative each to serve a four-year term. There are two additional council members elected from two citywide "superwards." The city council meets at City Hall weekly<ref name="Norfolk City Council"/> and, as of May 2023, consists of: Mayor Kenneth Cooper Alexander; Mamie Johnson, Ward 3; Danica Royster, Superward 7; John E. Paige, Ward 4; Courtney Doyle, Ward 2; Vice-Mayor Martin Thomas, Ward 1; Andria McClellan, Superward 6; Thomas R. Smigiel Jr. Ward 5.<ref name="Norfolk City Council">{{cite web |url=http://www.norfolk.gov/City_Hall/ |title=Norfolk City Hall |access-date=October 13, 2010 |publisher=Norfolk City Council |archive-date=February 9, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209133614/http://www.norfolk.gov/City_Hall/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{hidden begin
|title=List of mayors of Norfolk, Virginia<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/home/showdocument?id=258 |title=The Mayors of Norfolk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223223758/https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/home/showdocument?id=258 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 23, 2018 |date=December 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/historynorfolkv01burtgoog/page/n256 <!-- pg=228 quote=Hunter Woodis mayor. --> The Mayors of Norfolk: Their Names, Time of Election and Terms of Service], ''The History of Norfolk, Virginia'', by Harrison W. Burton. Norfolk, Va., 1877.</ref>
|titlestyle=background:#F8F8FF;width:60%
}}
* Samuel Boush, 1736 (died in office)<ref>{{cite web |title=Boush Family |publisher=Norfolk Public Library |url=http://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/local-history-genealogy/smc-collection/historic-norfolk-pages-from-norfolk-s-past- |series=Pages from Norfolk's Past |author=Peggy Haile McPhillips |access-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317054430/http://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/local-history-genealogy/smc-collection/historic-norfolk-pages-from-norfolk-s-past- |archive-date=March 17, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* George Newton, 1736 etc.
* John Hutchings, 1737 etc.<ref name="Tyler1915">{{cite book |editor=Lyon Gardiner Tyler |title=Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediavir03unkngoog |year=1915 |publisher=Lewis Historical Publishing Company |location=New York}}</ref>
* John Taylor, 1739 etc.
* Samuel Smith
* Josiah Smith, 1741 etc.
* John Phripp, 1744 etc.
* Edward Pugh
* Thomas Newton
* John Tucker, 1748 etc.
* Robert Tucker, 1749 etc.
* Durham Hall
* Wilson Newton, 1751 etc.
* Christopher Perkins, 1752 etc.
* George Abyvon, 1754 etc.
* Richard Kelsick
* John Phripp
* Paul Loyall, 1762 etc.
* Archibald Campbell
* Lewis Hansford
* Maximilian Calvert, 1765 etc.
* James Taylor, 1766 etc.
* Cornelius Calvert, 1768 etc.
* Charles Thomas, 1770 etc.
* Thomas Newton, Jr., 1780 etc.
* George Kelly, 1783 and 1788
* Robert Taylor, 1784
* Cary H. Hansford
* Benjamin Pollard, 1787
* Robert Taylor, 1789 and 1793
* John Boush
* Cary H. Hansford
* Thomas Newton, Jr., 1792 etc.
* John Ramsay
* Seth Foster
* Samuel Moseley
* George Loyall
* [[Baylor Hill]]
* John K. Read
* Seth Foster
* John Cowper
* William Vaughan
* Thomas H. Parker
* Miles King, Sr., 1804 etc.
* Luke Wheeler, 1805
* Thomas H. Parker, 1806
* Richard E. Lee, 1807
* John E. Holt, 1808–1832, various nonsequential years<ref>* {{cite book |author=William S. Forrest |title=Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Norfolk and Vicinity |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalandde00forrgoog |year=1853 |publisher=Lindsay and Blakiston |location=Philadelphia}}</ref>
* William Boswell Lamb, 1810, 1812, 1814, 1816, and 1823<ref>[https://mesda.org/item/collections/william-boswell-lamb-and-family/1464/ William Boswell Lamb and Family] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223221505/https://mesda.org/item/collections/william-boswell-lamb-and-family/1464/ |date=December 23, 2018 }}, ''MESDA''</ref>
* John Tabb, 1818 etc.
* Wright Southgate, 1819 etc.
* George W. Camp
* William A. Armistead
* Isaac Talbot
* Daniel C. Barraud
* George T. Kennon
* Thomas Williamson
* Giles B. Cook
* Miles King, Jr., 1832
* W.D. Delaney, 1843
* Simon S. Stubbs, 1851 etc.
* Hunter Woodis, 1853, 1855 (died in office)
* Ezra T. Summers
* Finlay F. Ferguson
* William Wilson Lamb, 1858–1863<ref name="Stewart1902">{{cite book |author=William H. Stewart |title=History of Norfolk County, Virginia and Representative Citizens |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofnorfolk01stew |year=1902 |publisher=Biographical Publishing Company |location=Chicago}}</ref>
* William H. Brooks, 1863
* James L. Belote, 1864
* Thomas C. Tabb
* John R. Ludlow, 1866 etc.
* Francis DeCordy<ref>{{Citation |publisher=Norfolk Virginian |author=H. W. Burton |title=History of Norfolk, Virginia |date=1877 |chapter=Mayors of Norfolk|chapter-url=https://www.archive.org/stream/historyofnorfolk01burt#page/228/mode/2up |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
* John B. Whitehead, 1870 etc.
* John S. Tucker, 1876–1880
* [[William Lamb (Confederate States Army officer)|William Lamb]], 1880–1886
* Barton Myers, 1886–1888<ref name=Brant1893 />
* Richard G. Banks, 1888–1890<ref name=Brant1893>{{cite book |title=Eminent and Representative Men of Virginia and the District of Columbia in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/eminentrepresent00henr |year=1893 |publisher=Brant & Fuller |location=Madison, Wisconsin}}</ref>
* E.M. Henry
* Frank Morris
* S. Marx
* A.B. Cooke
* Charles W. Pettit<ref>{{cite book |title=Ordinances of the City of Norfolk, Va. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pJHGWizVosC |publisher=Burke & Gregory |location=Norfolk |year=1902 |chapter=Mayors of Norfolk|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pJHGWizVosC&pg=PA807}}</ref>
* Wyndham R. Mayo, 1896–1898 and 1912–1918
* C. Brooks Johnston, 1898–1901<ref name="Stewart1902" />
* Nathaniel Beaman, 1901<ref name="Stewart1902" />
* James Gregory Riddick, 1901–1912<ref name="Tyler1906">{{cite book |author=[[Lyon Gardiner Tyler]] |title=Men of Mark in Virginia |year=1906 |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008686750 |via=[[HathiTrust]] |publisher=Men of Mark Publishing Company |location=Washington, DC}}. 1906–1908 (5 volumes)</ref>
* Albert L. Roper, 1918–1924
* S. Heth Tyler, 1924–1932
* E. Jeff Robertson, 1932
* Phillip H. Mason, 1932–1933
* S.L. Slover, 1933
* [[W. R. L. Taylor]], 1934–1938
* [[John A. Gurkin]], 1938–1940
* [[Joseph D. Wood]], 1940–1944
* James W. Reed, 1944–1946
* R.D. Cooke, 1946–1949
* Pretlow Darden, 1949–1950
* W. Fred Duckworth, 1950–1962<ref name=VFH>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopediavirginia.org |title=Encyclopedia Virginia |publisher=[[Virginia Foundation for the Humanities]] |access-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503103811/http://encyclopediavirginia.org/ |archive-date=May 3, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Roy Martin (politician)|Roy Martin]], 1962–1974
* [[Irvine B. Hill]], 1974–1976
* [[Vincent Thomas (mayor)|Vincent J. Thomas]], 1976–1984
* Joseph A. Leafe, 1984–1992
* [[Mason Andrews]], 1992–1994<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayors of Norfolk |publisher=Norfolk Public Library |url=http://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/home/showdocument?id=258 |access-date=March 16, 2017 |archive-date=November 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103052620/http://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/home/showdocument?id=258 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Paul D. Fraim]], 1994–2016<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970119153726/http://www.norfolk.va.us/council_members/index.html |url=http://www.norfolk.va.us/council_members/index.html |archive-date=January 19, 1997 |title=City Council |publisher=City of Norfolk |via=Internet Archive, [[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref>
* [[Kenny Alexander|Kenneth Cooper Alexander]], 2016–
{{hidden end}}

The city government has an infrastructure to create close working relationships with its citizens. Norfolk's city government provides services for neighborhoods, including service centers and civic leagues that interact directly with members of city council. Such services include preserving area histories, home rehabilitation centers, outreach programs, and a university that trains citizens in neighborhood clean-up, event planning, neighborhood leadership, and financial planning.<ref name="Neighborhoods">{{cite web |url=http://www.norfolk.gov/Neighborhoods/Services/NSCBerkley.asp |title=Neighborhood Service Center |access-date=February 25, 2008 |publisher=City of Norfolk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121114648/http://www.norfolk.gov/Neighborhoods/Services/NSCBerkley.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=January 21, 2008}}</ref> [[Norfolk Police Department|Norfolk's police department]] also provides support for neighborhood watch programs including a citizens' training academy, security design, a police athletic program for youth, and business watch programs.<ref name="Neighborhood Police">{{cite web |url=http://www.norfolk.gov/Police/Crime_Prevention.asp#safer |title=Norfolk Police |access-date=February 25, 2008 |publisher=City of Norfolk |archive-date=February 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214135210/http://www.norfolk.gov/POLICE/Crime_Prevention.asp#safer |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Norfolk also has a federal courthouse for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia]]. The [[Walter E. Hoffman U.S. Courthouse]] in Norfolk has four judges, four magistrate judges, and two bankruptcy judges.<ref>[http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/locations/nor.htm U.S. Courts] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516063711/http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/locations/nor.htm|date=May 16, 2008 }} – Norfolk courthouse</ref> Additionally, Norfolk has its own [[District court|general district]] and [[circuit court]]s, which convene downtown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norfolk.gov/circuit_court/dockets.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527084209/http://www.norfolk.gov/circuit_court/dockets.asp |url-status=dead |title=Norfolk Courts Dockets |archive-date=May 27, 2010}}</ref> It is considered a Democratic stronghold.

Since redistricting Norfolk is located in {{ushr|Virginia|3}}, served by U.S. representative [[Robert C. Scott]] (Democrat).