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=== 2012 presidential run === {{Main|Newt Gingrich 2012 presidential campaign}} [[File:Gingrich Contract with America 004 (6196193276).jpg|thumb|Gingrich presenting his 21st Century Contract with America in [[Iowa]] in September 2011]] In late 2008, several political commentators, including [[Marc Ambinder]] in ''[[The Atlantic]]''<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://marcambinder.theatlantic.com/archives/2008/10/huck.php |title=So Why's Huck An Early '12 Frontrunner? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205101130/http://marcambinder.theatlantic.com/archives/2008/10/huck.php |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |first=Marc |last=Ambinder |magazine=[[The Atlantic]] |date=October 2, 2008 |access-date=November 8, 2008}}</ref> and [[Robert Novak]] in ''[[The Washington Post]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last=Novak |first=Robert |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postpartisan/2008/11/newt_in_2012.html |title=Newt in 2012? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=December 28, 2011 |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927171512/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postpartisan/2008/11/newt_in_2012.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> identified Gingrich as a top presidential contender in the [[2012 United States presidential election|2012 election]], with Ambinder reporting that Gingrich was "already planting some seeds in [[Iowa]], [[New Hampshire]]". A July 2010 poll conducted by Public Policy Polling indicated that Gingrich was the leading GOP contender for the Republican nomination with 23% of likely Republican voters saying they would vote for him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Release_National_716.pdf |title=Public Policy Polling |access-date=May 12, 2011 |archive-date=May 18, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518133629/http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Release_National_716.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Describing his views as a possible candidate during an appearance on ''[[On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren|On the Record]]'' with [[Greta Van Susteren]] in March 2009, Gingrich said, "I am very sad that a number of Republicans do not understand that this country is sick of [[Earmark (politics)|earmarks]]. [Americans] are sick of politicians taking care of themselves. They are sick of their money being spent in a way that is absolutely indefensible ... I think you're going to see a steady increase in the number of incumbents who have opponents because the American taxpayers are increasingly fed up."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Newt Gingrich for President in 2012?|publisher=[[Fox News]]|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/newt-gingrich-for-president-in-2012|last=Van Susteren|first=Greta|date=March 10, 2009|access-date=March 11, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090315021527/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,508628,00.html|archive-date=March 15, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 3, 2011, Gingrich officially announced a website entitled "Newt Exploratory 2012" in lieu of a formal [[exploratory committee]] for exploration of a potential presidential run.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2011/03/03/gingrich-dips-toe-in-2012-waterswith-a-website/ |title=Gingrich Dips Toe in 2012 Waters |last=King |first=Neil Jr. |date=March 3, 2011 |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=March 4, 2011 |archive-date=March 4, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304181126/http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2011/03/03/gingrich-dips-toe-in-2012-waterswith-a-website/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 11, 2011, Gingrich officially announced his intention to seek the GOP nomination in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karl |first1=Jonathan |last2=Simmons |first2=Gregory |title=Newt Gingrich Announces 2012 Presidential Campaign via Twitter |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/newt-gingrich-announces-2012-presidential-campaign-twitter/story?id=13578139 |website=abcnews.go.com |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] Internet Ventures |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=March 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305114346/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/newt-gingrich-announces-2012-presidential-campaign-twitter/story?id=13578139 |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 9, 2011, a group of Gingrich's senior campaign aides left the campaign en masse, leading to doubts about the viability of his presidential run.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/gingrich-senior-campaign-staff-resigns|first1=Jeff|last1=Zeleny|first2=Trip|last2=Gabriel|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Gingrich senior campaign staff resigns|date=June 9, 2011|access-date=June 9, 2011|archive-date=June 10, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610111525/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/09/gingrich-senior-campaign-staff-resigns/|url-status=live}}</ref> On June 21, 2011, two more senior aides left.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gingrich Loses Members of Finance Team |url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/gingrich-loses-members-of-finance-team |date=June 21, 2011 |first=Michael D. |last=Shear |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=June 21, 2011 |archive-date=June 22, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622085346/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/gingrich-loses-members-of-finance-team/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Newt2012 News |url=http://www.newt.org/news |access-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-date=July 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703145654/http://www.newt.org/news |url-status=live }}</ref> In response, Gingrich stated that he had not quit the race for the Republican nomination, and pointed to his experience running for 5 years to win his seat in Congress, spending 16 years helping to build a Republican majority in the house and working for decades to build a Republican majority in Georgia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Newt's Still In |first=Lloyd |last=Grove |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/07/22/newt-gingrich-still-running-for-president-in-2012.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=July 22, 2011 |access-date=August 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807214115/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/07/22/newt-gingrich-still-running-for-president-in-2012.html |archive-date=August 7, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Some commentators noted Gingrich's resilience throughout his career, in particular with regard to his presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite news |title=Inside the Beltway |first=Jennifer |last=Harper |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/5/inside-the-beltway-607052627 |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=July 5, 2011 |access-date=August 8, 2011 |archive-date=July 31, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110731032107/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/5/inside-the-beltway-607052627// |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Troubles aside, Gingrich shows confidence in campaign |first=Meghan |last=Malloy |url=http://iowaindependent.com/58359/troubles-aside-gingrich-shows-confidence-in-campaign |newspaper=Iowa Independent |date=July 12, 2011 |access-date=August 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720010243/http://iowaindependent.com/58359/troubles-aside-gingrich-shows-confidence-in-campaign |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Newt Gingrich Speaking at CPAC 2012, UNEDITED. (6854524645).jpg|thumb|Gingrich speaking at [[Conservative Political Action Conference|CPAC]] in February 2012]] After then-front-runner [[Herman Cain]] was damaged by allegations of past [[sexual harassment]], Gingrich gained support, and quickly became a contender in the race, especially after Cain suspended his campaign. By December 4, 2011, Gingrich was leading in the national polls.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iadRlJ45WWnO0flE_EZ86dD104bg?docId=CNG.8f17da86e52ecbcd28cd3a3c9304ac70.1c1|title=Gingrich takes Republican lead in presidential race|date=December 4, 2011|access-date=December 28, 2011|archive-date=January 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130224005/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iadRlJ45WWnO0flE_EZ86dD104bg?docId=CNG.8f17da86e52ecbcd28cd3a3c9304ac70.1c1|url-status=dead}}</ref> However, after an abundance of negative ads run by his opponents throughout December, Gingrich's national polling lead had fallen to a tie with [[Mitt Romney]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Montopoli, Brian |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/poll-newt-gingrichs-lead-over-romney-is-gone/ |title=Poll: Newt Gingrich's lead over Romney is gone |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021193924/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57345145-503544/poll-newt-gingrichs-lead-over-romney-is-gone |archive-date=October 21, 2013 |work=[[CBS News]] |url-status=live |date=December 19, 2011}}</ref> On January 3, 2012, Gingrich finished in fourth place in the [[Iowa Republican caucuses, 2012|Iowa Republican caucuses]], far behind [[Rick Santorum]], Romney, and [[Ron Paul]].<ref name=iowaresults>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/election/2012/primaries/state/ia?hpt=hp_pc1 |title=CNN Election Center β Iowa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126135925/http://www.cnn.com/election/2012/primaries/state/ia?hpt=hp_pc1 |archive-date=November 26, 2013 |publisher=[[CNN]]|date=January 4, 2012}}</ref> On January 10, Gingrich finished in fifth place in the [[New Hampshire Republican primary, 2012|New Hampshire Republican primary]], far behind Romney, Santorum, [[Jon Huntsman, Jr.|Jon Huntsman]], and Paul.<ref>{{cite news|last=Epstein|first=Reid|title=New Hampshire makes primary date official|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/67441.html|newspaper=[[Politico]]|access-date=November 2, 2011|date=November 2, 2011|archive-date=November 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103012347/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1111/67441.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/01/10/new-hampshire-republican-primary|title=Romney Wins New Hampshire Primary|date=January 10, 2012|publisher=[[Fox News]]|access-date=January 16, 2012|archive-date=January 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117094953/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/01/10/new-hampshire-republican-primary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the field narrowed with the withdrawal from the race of Huntsman and [[Rick Perry]], Gingrich won the [[South Carolina]] [[South Carolina Republican primary, 2012|Republican primary]] on January 21, obtaining about 40% of the vote, considerably ahead of Romney, Santorum and Paul.<ref>Khan, Huma (January 21, 2012). [https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/south-carolina-primary-newt-gingrich-defeat-mitt-romney/story?id=15411865#.Txt5ifnNkqN "South Carolina Primary: Newt Gingrich Defeats Mitt Romney"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203005426/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/south-carolina-primary-newt-gingrich-defeat-mitt-romney/story?id=15411865 |date=February 3, 2012 }}. [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]].</ref> This surprise victory allowed Gingrich to reemerge as the frontrunner once again heading into Florida.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jensen |first1=Tom |title=Gingrich takes the lead in Florida |url=https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/polls/gingrich-takes-the-lead-in-florida/ |website=publicpolicypolling.com |date=January 23, 2012 |publisher=Public Policy Polling |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225012842/https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/polls/gingrich-takes-the-lead-in-florida/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On January 31, 2012, Gingrich placed second in the [[Florida Republican primary, 2012|Republican Florida primary]], losing by a fifteen percentage point margin, 47% to 32%. Some factors that contributed to this outcome include two strong debate performances by Romney (which were typically Gingrich's strong suit), the wide margin by which the Gingrich campaign was outspent in television ads,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/28/mitt-romney-florida-primary-newt-gingrich-super-pac_n_1239002.html |newspaper=[[HuffPost]] |first=Paul |last=Blumenthal |title=How Money Helped Romney's Florida Comeback |date=January 28, 2012 |access-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-date=January 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119104601/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/28/mitt-romney-florida-primary-newt-gingrich-super-pac_n_1239002.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and a widely criticized proposal by Gingrich to have a permanent colony on the moon by 2020 to reinvigorate the American Space Program.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/science/space/for-a-moon-colony-technology-is-the-easy-part.html?pagewanted=all |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Kenneth |last=Chang |title=For a Moon Colony, Technology is the Easy Part |date=January 27, 2012 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227071035/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/science/space/for-a-moon-colony-technology-is-the-easy-part.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live }}</ref> It was later revealed Romney had hired a debate coach to help him perform better in the Florida debates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wset.com/story/16619489/romneys-new-debate-coach |title=Romney's New Debate Coach Worked at Liberty University |publisher=WSET.com |date=January 27, 2012 |access-date=November 14, 2012 |archive-date=May 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504004727/http://www.wset.com/story/16619489/romneys-new-debate-coach |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0212/72433.html|title=Mitt Romney splits with Brett O'Donnell|date=February 3, 2012 |work=[[Politico]]|access-date=November 14, 2012|archive-date=November 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127060151/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0212/72433.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Gingrich did, however, significantly outvote Santorum and Paul. On February 4, 2012, Gingrich placed a distant second in the [[Nevada Republican caucuses, 2012|Nevada Republican caucuses]] with 21%, losing to Romney who received over 50% of the total votes cast.<ref name="COUNTY">{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/elections/ed/us/results/2012/gop-primary/nv |title=AP Results via Google |access-date=February 6, 2012 |archive-date=February 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207140955/http://www.google.com/elections/ed/us/results/2012/gop-primary/nv |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 7, 2012, Gingrich came in last place in the [[Minnesota Republican caucuses, 2012|Minnesota Republican caucuses]] with about 10.7% of the vote. Santorum won the caucus, followed by Paul and Romney.<ref name="startribune020812">{{Cite news |last=Stassen-Berger |first=Rachel |title=Santorum sweeps to victory in Minnesota, Colorado, Missouri |work=Star Tribune |location=Minneapolis |url=http://www.startribune.com/politics/138890764.html |date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=February 8, 2012 |archive-date=February 8, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208150721/http://www.startribune.com/politics/138890764.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Minnesota Secretary of State]] |title=Statewide Results for Republican Party |url=https://electionresults.sos.mn.gov/Results/Caucus?ersElectionId=84&partyid=2&Scenario=CaucusForSingleParty |date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=February 8, 2012 |archive-date=February 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211034945/http://caucusresults.sos.state.mn.us/ElecRsltsCaucus.asp?M=PTY&PtyCd=R |url-status=live }}</ref> On [[Super Tuesday]] Gingrich won his home state, Georgia, which has the most delegates, in "an otherwise dismal night for him". Santorum took Tennessee and Oklahoma, where Gingrich had previously performed well in the polls, though Gingrich managed a close third behind Romney.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Oklahoma Republican Primary - Election Results|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/2012/primaries/states/oklahoma.html|access-date=April 19, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> On April 4, the Rick Santorum campaign shifted its position and urged Gingrich to drop out of the race and support Santorum.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Amy |last1=Gardner |first2=Karen |last2=Tumulty |name-list-style=amp |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/more-republicans-calling-for-newt-gingrich-to-leave-gop-race/2012/03/14/gIQAY01qCS_story.html?tid=pm_politics_pop |title=More Republicans calling for Newt Gingrich to leave GOP race |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=July 15, 2011 |access-date=May 27, 2012 |archive-date=March 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316023428/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/more-republicans-calling-for-newt-gingrich-to-leave-gop-race/2012/03/14/gIQAY01qCS_story.html?tid=pm_politics_pop |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 10, Santorum announced the suspension of his campaign.<ref>{{cite news|first=Kasie|last=Hunt|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/presidentelect/ci_20364338/rick-santorum-ending-his-campaign-sources-say|title=Rick Santorum Ending His Campaign, Sources Say|work=Mercurynews.com|access-date=May 27, 2012|archive-date=May 18, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518123237/http://www.mercurynews.com/presidentelect/ci_20364338/rick-santorum-ending-his-campaign-sources-say|url-status=live}}</ref> Following this announcement, The Newt 2012 campaign used a new slogan referring to Gingrich as "the last conservative standing". Despite this, on April 19, Gingrich told Republicans in New York that he would work to help Romney win the general election if Romney secured the nomination.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gingrich tells NY GOP he would support Romney|url=http://www.onlinewsj.com/article/AP15cf32ce979243c883f8d13f2c084e5a.html|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=April 19, 2012|archive-date=May 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508133232/http://www.onlinewsj.com/article/AP15cf32ce979243c883f8d13f2c084e5a.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After a disappointing second place showing in the Delaware primary on April 24, and with a campaign debt in excess of $4 million,<ref name="NYTimes04272012">{{Cite news | last = Leibovich | first = Mark | title = Newt Gingrich Is Quitting the Race (Just Give Him a Little Time) | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/us/politics/newt-gingrich-is-quitting-the-race-just-give-him-a-little-time.html | newspaper = New York Times | date = April 26, 2012 | access-date = April 27, 2012 | archive-date = April 27, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120427044452/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/us/politics/newt-gingrich-is-quitting-the-race-just-give-him-a-little-time.html | url-status = live }}</ref> Gingrich suspended his campaign and endorsed front-runner Mitt Romney on May 2, 2012,<ref>{{cite news|last=Elliot|first=Philip (Associated Press)|title=Gingrich Exits Race, Endorses Romney|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0502/Gingrich-exits-race-endorses-Romney|access-date=May 28, 2012|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|date=May 2, 2012|archive-date=May 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528061505/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0502/Gingrich-exits-race-endorses-Romney|url-status=live}}</ref> on whose behalf he subsequently campaigned (i.e. stump speeches and television appearances).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Levinthal|first=Dave|title=Gingrich says he's endorsed Romney|url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/politico-now/2012/05/gingrich-says-hes-endorsed-romney-122577|access-date=April 19, 2021|website=[[Politico]]|date=May 6, 2012 |language=en}}</ref> Gingrich later hosted a number of policy workshops at the [[2012 Republican National Convention|GOP Convention in Tampa]] presented by the [[National Republican Committee]] called "Newt University".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gopconvention2012.com/news-press/press-releases/newt-u-details-announced/ |title=Newt U Details Announced |date= August 26, 2012 |website=Republican National Convention 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902031740/http://www.gopconvention2012.com/news-press/press-releases/newt-u-details-announced/ |archive-date=September 2, 2012}}</ref> He and his wife Calista addressed the convention on its final day with a Ronald Reagan-themed introduction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Newt and Callista Gingrich RNC speech |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/newt-and-callista-gingrich-rnc-speech-transcript-text-video-080492 |date=August 30, 2012 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225012541/https://www.politico.com/story/2012/08/newt-and-callista-gingrich-rnc-speech-transcript-text-video-080492 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Bill |title=Newt, you're no Ronald Reagan |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/02/newt-gingrich-youre-no-ronald-reagan-072378 |date=February 2, 2012 |work=[[Politico]] |access-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-date=February 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225012542/https://www.politico.com/story/2012/02/newt-gingrich-youre-no-ronald-reagan-072378 |url-status=live }}</ref> Because FEC regulations prevent campaigns from ceasing operations until they settle their debts, the Newt Gingrich campaign was never formally dissolved. In 2016, the campaign filed a proposal to shut down without paying back its outstanding debt to 114 businesses and consultants; the FEC rejected this proposal. By then, the campaign still owed $4.6 million in debt, with only $17,000 being raised by the campaign committee over the previous year.<ref>{{cite news|title=Newt Gingrich Will Never Pay His 2012 Campaign Debt|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/newt-gingrich-campaign-debt_us_57a4d293e4b03ba6801241c7?rd5f80k9|newspaper=[[HuffPost]]|date=August 5, 2016|access-date=August 6, 2016|archive-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810180844/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/newt-gingrich-campaign-debt_us_57a4d293e4b03ba6801241c7?rd5f80k9|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://about.bgov.com/news/unpaid-bills-keep-gingrich-judge-jeanine-from-closing-campaigns/ |title=Unpaid Bills Keep Gingrich, Judge Jeanine From Closing Campaigns |date=November 20, 2019 |first=Kenneth P. |last=Doyle |publisher=Bloomberg Government |website=about.bgov.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/politics/newt-gingrich-can-shake-his-campaign-debt-from-2012-presidential-bid/q3JYfe8qt1BF7YqLtgpILP/ |title=Newt Gingrich can't shake his campaign debt from 2012 presidential bid |first=Greg |last=Bluestein |website=www.ajc.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222234234/https://www.ajc.com/blog/politics/newt-gingrich-can-shake-his-campaign-debt-from-2012-presidential-bid/q3JYfe8qt1BF7YqLtgpILP/ |archive-date=December 22, 2019}}</ref>
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