Editing Natural gas (section)

===Greenhouse gas emissions===
When refined and burned, natural gas can produce 25–30% less carbon dioxide per [[joule]] delivered than oil, and 40–45% less than coal.<ref name="NGandE">{{Cite web |title=Natural Gas and the Environment |url=http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503132200/http://www.naturalgas.org/environment/naturalgas.asp |archive-date=2009-05-03 |access-date=2013-06-11 |publisher=NaturalGas.org}}</ref> It can also produce potentially fewer toxic [[pollutant]]s than other hydrocarbon fuels.<ref name=NGandE/><ref name="NGinASIA">{{Cite web |last=Mikkal Herberg |others=(written for 2011 Pacific Energy Summit) |title=Natural Gas in Asia: History and Prospects |url=http://www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/eta/PES_2011_Herberg.pdf |website=The National Bureau of Asian Research}}</ref> However, compared to other major fossil fuels, natural gas causes more emissions in relative terms during the production and transportation of the fuel, meaning that the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions are about 50% higher than the direct emissions from the site of consumption.<ref>Cooney et al. (2014): [https://www.energy.gov/fe/downloads/life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-perspective-exporting-liquefied-natural-gas-united-states Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Perspective on Exporting Liquefied Natural Gas from the United States]. National Energy Technology Laboratory, US Department of Energy.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rosselot |first1=Kirsten S. |last2=Allen |first2=David T. |last3=Ku |first3=Anthony Y. |date=2021-07-05 |title=Comparing Greenhouse Gas Impacts from Domestic Coal and Imported Natural Gas Electricity Generation in China |journal=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering |language=en |volume=9 |issue=26 |pages=8759–8769 |doi=10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01517 |issn=2168-0485 |s2cid=237875562|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In terms of the warming effect over 100 years, natural gas production and use comprises about one fifth of human [[greenhouse gas emissions]], and this contribution is growing rapidly. Globally, natural gas use emitted about 7.8&nbsp;billion tons of {{chem|C|O|2}} in 2020 (including flaring), while coal and oil use emitted 14.4 and 12&nbsp;billion tons, respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ritchie |first1=Hannah |last2=Roser |first2=Max |date=2020-05-11 |title=CO2 emissions by fuel |url=https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel |journal=Our World in Data |access-date=2021-01-22}}</ref> The IEA estimates the energy sector (oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy) to be responsible for about 40% of human methane emissions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Methane Tracker 2022 – Analysis |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2022 |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=IEA |date=23 February 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref>  According to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]], natural gas consumption grew by 15% between 2015 and 2019, compared to a 5% increase in oil and oil product consumption.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Canadell |first1=Josep G. |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} |last2=Scheel Monteiro |first2=Pedro |last3=Costa |first3=Marcos H. |last4=Cotrim da Cunha |first4=Leticia |last5=Cox |first5=Peter M. |last6=Eliseev |first6=Alexey V. |last7=Henson |first7=Stephanie |last8=Ishii |first8=Masao |last9=Jaccard |first9=Samuel |year=2021 |chapter=Chapter 5: Global carbon and other biogeochemical cycles and feedbacks |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021}} |display-authors=4 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_05.pdf |last10=Koven |first10=Charles |last11=Lohila |first11=Annalea |last12=Patra |first12=Prabir K. |last13=Piao |first13=Shilong}}</ref>

The continued financing and construction of new gas [[pipeline transport|pipelines]] indicates that huge emissions of fossil greenhouse gases could be locked-in for 40 to 50 years into the future.<ref name="GEM2019">{{Cite news |date=2019-04-25 |title=North American drilling boom threatens big blow to climate efforts, study finds |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/25/us-oil-gas-boom-climate-change-report}}</ref> In the U.S. state of [[Texas]] alone, five new long-distance gas pipelines have been under construction, with the first entering service in 2019,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-24 |title=Gulf Coast Express Pipeline placed in service ahead of schedule |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20190924006044/en/Gulf-Coast-Express-Pipeline-Service-Schedule |access-date=2019-12-31 |publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> and the others scheduled to come online during 2020–2022.<ref name="DOE-GFV-2019">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-01 |title=Natural Gas Flaring and Venting: State and Federal Regulatory Overview, Trends, and Impacts |url=https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/08/f65/Natural%20Gas%20Flaring%20and%20Venting%20Report.pdf |access-date=2019-12-29 |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy}}</ref>{{rp|23}}

====Installation bans====
To reduce its greenhouse emissions, the [[Netherlands]] is subsidizing a transition away from natural gas for all homes in the country by 2050. In [[Amsterdam]], no new residential gas accounts have been allowed since 2018, and all homes in the city are expected to be converted by 2040 to use the excess heat from adjacent industrial buildings and operations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-01 |title=Van der Pekbuurt gaat als eerste Amsterdamse wijk van het aardgas af |url=https://www.at5.nl/artikelen/186860/maandag-1000-uur-van-der-pekbuurt-gaat-als-eerste-wijk-van-het-aardgas-af-2 |language=nl}}</ref>
Some cities in the United States have started prohibiting gas hookups for new houses, with state laws passed and under consideration to either require electrification or prohibit local requirements.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-09 |title=Dozens Of US Cities Are Banning Natural Gas Hookups In New Buildings — #CancelGas #ElectrifyEverything |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2021/03/09/dozens-of-us-cities-are-banning-natural-gas-hookups-in-new-buildings-cancelgas-electrifyeverything/}}</ref> New gas appliance hookups are banned in [[New York State]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/05/02/environment-gas-ban-stoves/239e436e-e92c-11ed-869e-986dd5713bc8_story.html |agency=[[Associated Press]] |title=Bye-bye blue flame? NY to require gas-free new buildings |author=Michael Hill |date=2 May 2023}}</ref> and the [[Australian Capital Territory]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canberra Natural Gas Bans To Hit Appliance Retailers |url=https://www.channelnews.com.au/canberra-natural-gas-bans-to-hit-appliance-retailers/ |access-date=2023-01-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, the state of [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] in Australia has implemented a ban on new natural gas hookups starting from January 1, 2024, as part of its gas substitution roadmap.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.energy.vic.gov.au/renewable-energy/victorias-gas-substitution-roadmap |title=Victoria's Gas Substitution Roadmap |publisher=Victorian Government |access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref>  This followed campaigning which resulted in a prohibition on onshore gas exploration and production in Victoria in 2014. This was partially lifted in 2021 but a constitutional ban remains on fracking.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rooney |first=Millie |date=2022-06-01 |title='Always look up': Connecting Community for a Win against Gas |url=https://commonslibrary.org/always-look-up-connecting-community-for-a-win-against-gas/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref>

The UK government is also experimenting with alternative home heating technologies to meet its climate goals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heat in Buildings |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/heat-in-buildings |access-date=2021-08-09}}</ref> To preserve their businesses, natural gas utilities in the United States have been lobbying for laws preventing local electrification ordinances, and are promoting [[renewable natural gas]] and [[hydrogen fuel]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jeff Brady |last2=Dan Charles |date=2021-02-22 |title=As Cities Grapple With Climate Change, Gas Utilities Fight To Stay In Business |publisher=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/02/22/967439914/as-cities-grapple-with-climate-change-gas-utilities-fight-to-stay-in-business}}</ref>