Editing Mozambique (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Mozambique}}

The north-central provinces of Zambezia and Nampula are the most populous, with about 45% of the population. The estimated four million [[Makua people|Makua]] are the dominant group in the northern part of the country; the [[Sena people|Sena]] and [[Shona people|Shona]] (mostly [[Ndau people|Ndau]] and [[Manyika]]) are prominent in the Zambezi valley,<ref name=BilateralRelationsFactSheet/> and the [[Tsonga people|Tsonga]] people dominate southern Mozambique. Other groups include [[Makonde people|Makonde]], [[Yao people (East Africa)|Yao]], [[Swahili people|Swahili]], [[Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)|Tonga]], [[Chopi people|Chopi]], and [[Nguni people|Nguni]] (including [[Zulu people|Zulu]]). [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]] people comprise 97.8% of the population, with the rest made up of [[Portuguese Mozambicans|Portuguese]] ancestry, Euro-Africans ([[Creole peoples#Africa|''mestiço'']] people of mixed Bantu and Portuguese ancestry), and Indians.<ref name=CIA>{{CIA World Factbook |article=Mozambique |year=2007 |access-date=22 May 2007}}</ref> Roughly 45,000 people of [[Indians in Mozambique|Indian descent]] reside in Mozambique.<ref>{{cite book|page=94|last=Singhvi|first=L. M.|chapter=Other Countries of Africa|title=Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora|publisher=Ministry of External Affairs|location=New Delhi|chapter-url=http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf|year=2000|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040029/http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter8.pdf|archive-date=8 April 2014}}</ref>

During Portuguese colonial rule, a large minority of people of Portuguese descent lived permanently in almost all areas of the country,<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7035.htm Mozambique (01/09)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604190815/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7035.htm |date=4 June 2019 }}, ''U.S. Department of State''</ref> and Mozambicans with [[White Africans of European ancestry#Portuguese in Africa|Portuguese heritage]] at the time of independence numbered about 360,000.<ref>{{cite news|title=Flight from Angola|url=http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12079340|newspaper=The Economist|date=16 August 1975|access-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723131954/http://www.economist.com/node/12079340?story_id=12079340|archive-date=23 July 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Many of these left the country after independence from Portugal in 1975.<ref>{{cite news|title=Portuguese Flee Mozambique and Tell of Persecution|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/02/archives/portuguese-flee-mozambique-and-tell-of-persecution-no-future-for.html|work=The New York Times|date=2 March 1976|access-date=21 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721072124/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/02/archives/portuguese-flee-mozambique-and-tell-of-persecution-no-future-for.html|archive-date=21 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> There are various estimates for the size of [[ethnic Chinese in Mozambique|Mozambique's Chinese community]], ranging from 7,000 to 12,000 {{As of|2007|lc=on}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jian|first=Hong|year=2007|title=莫桑比克华侨的历史与现状 (The History and Status Quo of Overseas Chinese in Mozambique)|journal=West Asia and Africa|publisher=[[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]]|url=http://scholar.ilib.cn/A-xyfz200705010.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522115453/http://scholar.ilib.cn/A-xyfz200705010.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 May 2012|issue=5|issn=1002-7122}}</ref><ref name="ISN">{{Cite news|title=China, Mozambique: old friends, new business|date=13 August 2007|periodical=International Relations and Security Network Update|access-date=3 November 2007|url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-Watch/Detail/?id=53470&lng=en|last=Horta|first=Loro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100407032726/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Current-Affairs/Security-Watch/Detail/?id=53470&lng=en|archive-date=7 April 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to a 2011 survey, the total fertility rate was 5.9 children per woman, with 6.6 in rural areas and 4.5 in urban areas.<ref>[http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR266/FR266.pdf Moçambique Inquérito Demográfico e de Saúde 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819223303/http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR266/FR266.pdf |date=19 August 2013 }}. Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Ministério da Saúde Maputo, Moçambique (March 2013)</ref>

===Largest cities===
{{Largest cities
| country     = Mozambique
| stat_ref    = According to the 2017 Census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/Mozambique-Cities.html|title=Mozambique|website=citypopulation.de|access-date=19 August 2021|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703035732/http://www.citypopulation.de/Mozambique-Cities.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| list_by_pop = 
| div_name    = Province
| div_link    =

| city_1 = Maputo
| div_1 = Maputo City{{!}}Maputo
| pop_1 = 1,080,277
| img_1 = Maputo seen from southeast - October 2006.jpg

| city_2 = Matola
| div_2 = Maputo Province{{!}}Maputo
| pop_2 = 1,032,197
| img_2 = Antigo edifício do Conselho Municipal da Matola.jpg

| city_3 = Nampula
| div_3 = Nampula Province{{!}}Nampula
| pop_3 = 663,212
| img_3 = Nampula_Airport.jpg

| city_4 = Beira, Mozambique{{!}}Beira
| div_4 = Sofala Province{{!}}Sofala
| pop_4 = 592,090
| img_4 = Beira center 2000.jpg

| city_5 = Chimoio
| div_5 = Manica Province{{!}}Manica
| pop_5 = 363,336

| city_6 = Tete, Mozambique{{!}}Tete
| div_6 = Tete Province{{!}}Tete
| pop_6 = 307,338

| city_7 = Quelimane
| div_7 = Zambezia Province{{!}}Zambézia
| pop_7 = 246,915

| city_8 = Lichinga
| div_8 = Niassa Province{{!}}Niassa
| pop_8 = 242,204

| city_9 = Mocuba
| div_9 = Zambezia Province{{!}}Zambézia
| pop_9 = ''240,000''

| city_10 = Nacala
| div_10 = Nampula Province{{!}}Nampula
| pop_10 = 225,034

| city_11 = Gurúè
| div_11 = Zambezia Province{{!}}Zambézia
| pop_11 = ''210,000''

| city_12 = Pemba, Mozambique{{!}}Pemba
| div_12 = Cabo Delgado Province{{!}}Cabo Delgado
| pop_12 = 201,846

| city_13 = Xai-Xai
| div_13 = Gaza Province{{!}}Gaza
| pop_13 = 132,884

| city_14 = Maxixe, Mozambique{{!}}Maxixe
| div_14 = Inhambane Province{{!}}Inhambane
| pop_14 = 123,868

| city_15 = Angoche
| div_15 = Nampula Province{{!}}Nampula
| pop_15 = 89,998

| city_16 = Inhambane
| div_16 = Inhambane Province{{!}}Inhambane
| pop_16 = 82,119

| city_17 = Cuamba
| div_17 = Niassa Province{{!}}Niassa
| pop_17 = 79,013

| city_18 = Montepuez
| div_18 = Cabo Delgado Province{{!}}Cabo Delgado
| pop_18 = 76,139

| city_19 = Dondo, Mozambique{{!}}Dondo
| div_19 = Sofala Province{{!}}Sofala
| pop_19 = 70,817

| city_20 = Moçambique (city){{!}}Moçambique
| div_20 = Nampula Province{{!}}Nampula
| pop_20 = 65,712
}}

===Languages===
{{Main|Languages of Mozambique}}

[[File:Mz etnies.PNG|thumb|upright=1.3|Ethnic map of Mozambique]]
Portuguese is the official and most widely spoken language of the nation, spoken by 50.3% of the population.<ref>''[http://197.249.4.187/imismoz/censos/censo2007/CensoHTML/00/quadros/00quadro24.html "Quadro 24. População de 5 anos e mais por condição de conhecimento da língua portuguesa e sexo, segundo área de residência e idade"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217014721/http://197.249.4.187/imismoz/censos/censo2007/CensoHTML/00/quadros/00quadro24.html |date=17 December 2018 }}'', [http://www.ine.gov.mz Instituto Nacional de Estatística] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981202021739/http://www.ine.gov.mz/ |date=2 December 1998 }}, Maputo Moçambique, 2007</ref>
Additionally, around 50% of Maputo speaks Portuguese as a native language.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reite|first=Torun|date=February 2020|title=Language and spatiality in urban Mozambique: Ex-colonial language spread "from below"|url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Portuguese-as-home-language-1980-2007-and-2017_fig1_339068028|access-date=11 August 2024|website=www.researchgate.net/}}</ref> 

The Bantu-group languages that are indigenous to the country vary greatly in their groupings and in some cases are rather poorly appreciated and documented.<ref name="r1">''Relatório do I Seminário sobre a Padronização da Ortografia de Línguas Moçambicanas''. NELIMO, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, 1989.</ref> Apart from its lingua franca uses in the north of the country, [[Swahili language|Swahili]] is spoken in a small area of the coast next to the Tanzanian border; south of this, towards Moçambique Island, [[Mwani language|Kimwani]], regarded as a dialect of Swahili, is used. Immediately inland of the Swahili area, [[Makonde language|Makonde]] is used, separated farther inland by a small strip of [[Makhuwa language|Makhuwa]]-speaking territory from an area where [[Yao language|Yao]] or ChiYao is used. Makonde and Yao belong to a different group, Yao<ref>''Malangano ga Sambano'' (Yao New Testament), British and Foreign Bible Society, London, 1952</ref> being very close to the [[Mwera language]] of the [[Rondo Plateau]] area in Tanzania.<ref>Harries, Rev. Lyndon (1950), ''A Grammar of Mwera''. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg.</ref> Prepositions appear in these languages as locative prefixes prefixed to the noun and declined according to their own noun-class. Some [[Chewa language|Nyanja]] is used at the coast of Lake Malawi, as well as on the other side of the Lake.<ref>Barnes, Herbert (1902), [https://archive.org/details/nyanjaenglishvo00woodgoog ''Nyanja – English Vocabulary''] (mostly of Likoma Island). Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London.</ref><ref>''ChiChewa Intensive Course,'' (Chewa is similar to Nyanja) Lilongwe, Malawi, 1969.</ref>

Somewhat different from all of these are the languages of the eMakhuwa group, with a loss of initial k-, which means that many nouns begin with a vowel: for example, ''epula'' = "rain".<ref name="r1" /> There is eMakhuwa proper, with the related [[Lomwe language|eLomwe]] and [[Chuwabu language|eChuwabo]], with a small [[Koti language|eKoti]]-speaking area at the coast. In an area straddling the lower Zambezi, [[Sena language|Sena]], which belongs to the same group as Nyanja, is spoken, with areas speaking the related CiNyungwe and CiSenga further upriver.

A large [[Shona language|Shona]]-speaking area extends between the Zimbabwe border and the sea: this was formerly known as the Ndau variety<ref>Doke, Clement, ''A Comparative Study in Shona Phonetics''. University of Witwatersrand Press. 1931.</ref> but now uses the orthography of the Standard Shona of Zimbabwe. Apparently similar to Shona, but lacking the tone patterns of the Shona language, and regarded by its speakers as quite separate, is CiBalke, also called Rue or Barwe, used in a small area near the Zimbabwe border.<!-- or just Sena? --> South of this area are languages of the [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]] group. XiTswa or [[Tswa language|Tswa]] occurs at the coast and inland, XiTsonga or Tsonga straddles the area around the Limpopo River, including such local dialects as XiHlanganu, XiN'walungu, XiBila, XiHlengwe, and XiDzonga. This language area extends into neighbouring South Africa. Still related to these, but distinct, are GiTonga, BiTonga, and CiCopi or [[Chopi language|Chopi]], spoken north of the mouth of the Limpopo, and XiRonga or [[Ronga language|Ronga]], spoken in the immediate region around Maputo. The languages in this group are, judging by the short vocabularies,<ref name="r1" /> very vaguely similar to Zulu, but obviously not in the same immediate group. There are small Swazi- and Zulu-speaking areas in Mozambique immediately next to the Swaziland and KwaZulu-Natal borders.

===Religion===
{{Main|Religion in Mozambique}}

{{multiple image
|align= right
|direction= vertical
|width= 190
|image1=Cathedral_of_maputo_05.jpg
|caption1= [[Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Maputo]]
|image2= Mesquita Maputo.jpg
|caption2= A mosque in downtown Maputo
|image3=
|header=
|header_align= centre
}}
The 2007 census found that Christians made up 59.2% of Mozambique's population, Muslims comprised 18.9% of the population, 7.3% of the people held other beliefs, mainly [[animism]], and 13.9% had no religious beliefs.<ref name=CIA/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120118125117/http://www.ine.gov.mz/censo2007 3º Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação]. 2007 Census of Mozambique. ine.gov.mz</ref> A more recent government survey conducted by the [[Demographic and Health Surveys]] program in 2015 indicated that Catholicism had increased to 30.5% of the population, Muslims constituted 19.3%, and various Protestant groups a total of 44%.<ref name="DHS 2015">{{cite web|url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf|title=Moçambique: Inquérito de Indicadores de Imunização, Malária e HIV/SIDA em Moçambique (IMASIDA), 2015|publisher=Ministério da Saúde & Instituto Nacional de Estatística|language=pt|page=40|access-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421162732/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/AIS12/AIS12.pdf|archive-date=21 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to 2018 estimates from the [[United States Commission on International Religious Freedom]], 28% of the population is Catholic, 18% are Muslim (mostly Sunni), 15% are [[Zionist churches|Zionist Christians]], 12% are Protestants, 7% are members of other religious groups, and 18% have no religion.<ref name="IRFR">{{cite web|title=Mozambique 2018 International Religious Freedom Report|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/MOZAMBIQUE-2018-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf|year=2018|publisher=[[United States Commission on International Religious Freedom]]|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615040201/https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/MOZAMBIQUE-2018-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Catholic Church has established twelve dioceses (Beira, Chimoio, Gurué, Inhambane, Lichinga, Maputo, Nacala, Nampula, Pemba, Quelimane, Tete,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140110135231/http://www.diocesedetete.org.mz/diocese/index.php CELEBRANDO O ANO DA FÉ NA DIOCESE DE TETE]. diocesedetete.org.mz (7 September 2012)</ref> and Xai-Xai; archdioceses are [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]], [[Maputo]] and [[Nampula]]). Statistics for the dioceses range from a low 5.8% Catholics in the population in the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chimoio|Diocese of Chimoio]], to 32.50% in Quelimane diocese (Anuario catolico de Mocambique). Among the main Protestant denominations are [[United Baptist Church of Mozambique|Igreja União Baptista de Moçambique]], the [[Assembleias de Deus]], the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]], the [[Anglican Church of Southern Africa]], the Igreja do Evangelho Completo de Deus, the [[Igreja Metodista Unida]], the [[Igreja Presbiteriana de Moçambique]], the [[Igrejas de Cristo]] and the Assembleia Evangélica de Deus. The work of Methodism in Mozambique started in 1890. Erwin Richards began a Methodist mission at Chicuque in Inhambane Province. The Igreja Metodista Unida em Moçambique (United Methodist Church in Mozambique) observed the 100th anniversary of Methodist presence in Mozambique in 1990. President Chissano praised the work and role of the UMC to more than 10,000 people who attended the ceremony. The United Methodist Church has tripled in size in Mozambique since 1998. There are more than 150,000 members in more than 180 congregations of the 24 districts. New pastors are ordained each year. New churches are chartered each year in each Annual Conference (north and south).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moumethodist.org/pages/detail/1373|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510092507/http://www.moumethodist.org/pages/detail/1373|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 May 2015|date=July 2011|title=UMC in Mozambique|work=moumethodist.org}}</ref>

[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] has established a growing presence. It first began sending missionaries to Mozambique in 1999, and, as of April 2015, has more than 7,943 members.<ref>[https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/mozambique/ LDS Statistics and Church Facts for Mozambique] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712232007/https://newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org/facts-and-statistics/country/mozambique |date=12 July 2019 }}. Mormonnewsroom.org. Retrieved 21 June 2015.</ref> The [[Baháʼí Faith]] has been present in Mozambique since the early 1950s but did not openly identify itself in those years because of the strong influence of the Catholic Church which did not recognise it officially as a world religion. The independence in 1975 saw the entrance of new pioneers. In total, there are about 3,000 declared Baháʼís {{As of|2010|lc=y}}. Muslims are particularly present in the north of the country. They are organised in several "[[tariqa]]" or [[Fraternity|brotherhoods]]. Two national organisations also exist—the ''Conselho Islâmico de Moçambique'' and the ''Congresso Islâmico de Moçambique''. There are also important Pakistani, Indian associations as well as some Shia communities. There is a very small but thriving Jewish community in Maputo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forward.com/culture/392973/in-mozambique-a-very-small-jewish-community-thrives/|title=In Mozambique, A Jewish Community Thrives|last1=Joseph|first1=Anne|date=February 2018|website=The Forward|access-date=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210063439/https://forward.com/culture/392973/in-mozambique-a-very-small-jewish-community-thrives/|archive-date=10 December 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Health===
{{Further|Health in Mozambique}}

[[File:Number of patients on Anti Retroviral Treatment in Mozambique 2003-2011.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The increase in the number of HIV positive Mozambicans on [[Antiretroviral drug|Antiretroviral treatment]], 2003–14]]

The fertility rate is at about 5.5 births per woman. Public expenditure on health was at 2.7% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure on health was at 1.3% in the same year. Health expenditure per capita was 42 US$ (PPP) in 2004. In the early 21st century there were 3 physicians per 100,000 people in the country. [[Infant mortality]] was at 100 per 1,000 births in 2005.<ref name="hdrstats.undp.org">{{cite web|url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_MOZ.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100130152549/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_MOZ.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2010|title=Human Development Report 2009 – Mozambique|publisher=Hdrstats.undp.org|access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref> The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Mozambique is 550. This is compared with 598.8 in 2008 and 385 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births is 147 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5s mortality is 29. In Mozambique the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 3 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 37.<ref name="SOWMY">{{cite web|url=http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html|title=The State of the World's Midwifery|publisher=United Nations Population Fund|access-date=1 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225024306/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html|archive-date=25 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The official [[List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate|HIV prevalence]] in 2011 was 11.5% of the population aged between 15 and 49 years. In the southern parts of Mozambique—Maputo and Gaza provinces as well as the city of Maputo—the official figures are more than twice as high as the national average. In 2011 the health authorities estimated about 1.7&nbsp;million Mozambicans were HIV-positive, of whom 600,000 were in need of anti-retroviral treatment. As of December 2011, 240,000 were receiving such treatment, increasing to 416,000 in March 2014 according to the health authorities.

Mozambique has been experiencing high levels of acute food insecurity for years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank|url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html|access-date=25 December 2024|website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) - peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels|language=en}}</ref>

===Education===
{{Main|Education in Mozambique}}

Portuguese is the primary language of instruction in all Mozambican schools. All Mozambicans are required by law to attend school through the primary level; however, a lot of children do not go to primary school because they have to work for their families' subsistence farms for a living. In 2007, one million children still did not go to school, most of them from poor rural families, and almost half of all teachers were unqualified. Girls enrollment increased from 3 million in 2002 to 4.1&nbsp;million in 2006 while the completion rate increased from 31,000 to 90,000, which testified a very poor completion rate.<ref>[http://www.dfid.gov.uk/casestudies/files/africa/mozambique-primary-schools.asp Key facts] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109185153/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/casestudies/files/africa/mozambique-primary-schools.asp |date=9 January 2009 }}, Department for International Development (DFID), UK Government (24 May 2007)</ref>
[[File:Mozambique school.jpg|Students in front of their school in [[Nampula]], Mozambique|thumb]]
After grade 7, pupils must take standardised national exams to enter secondary school, which runs from eighth to 10th grade.<ref>UNESCO (Sept 2010) [http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Mozambique.pdf World Data on Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119002456/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Mozambique.pdf |date=19 January 2022 }}. 7th ed.</ref> Space in Mozambican universities is extremely limited; thus most pupils who complete pre-university school do not immediately proceed on to university studies. Many go to work as teachers or are unemployed. There are also institutes that give more vocational training, specialising in agricultural, technical or pedagogical studies, which students may attend after grade 10 in lieu of a pre-university school. After independence from Portugal in 1975, a number of Mozambican pupils continued to be admitted every year at Portuguese high schools, polytechnical institutes and universities, through bilateral agreements between the Portuguese government and the Mozambican government.

According to 2010 estimates, the [[literacy rate]] was 56.1% (70.8% male and 42.8% female).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/|title=The World Factbook|work=cia.gov|access-date=16 May 2007|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110035001/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2015, this had increased to 58.8% (73.3% male and 45.4% female).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EDULIT_DS&popupcustomise=true&lang=en#|title=Education|last=UIS|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=2 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905185501/http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EDULIT_DS&popupcustomise=true&lang=en|archive-date=5 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>