Editing Monsanto (section)

===Uncommercialized products===
Monsanto also developed notable technologies that were not ultimately commercialized.

===="Terminator" seeds====
{{main|Genetic use restriction technology}}

Genetic use restriction technology, colloquially known as "terminator technology", produces plants with sterile seeds. This trait would prevent the spread of those seeds into the wild. It also would prevent farmers from planting seeds they harvest, requiring them to purchase seed for every planting, allowing the company to enforce its licensing terms via technology. Farmers have been buying [[hybrid seed]]s for generations, instead of replanting their harvest, because second-generation hybrid seeds are inferior. Nevertheless, most seed companies contract only with farmers who agree not to plant harvested seeds.

Terminator technology has been developed by governmental labs, university researchers and companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ngin.tripod.com/353.htm |title=RAFI on new Terminator patent |publisher=Ngin.tripod.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=gm-104#gm-104 |title=Context of 'July 20, 1999: USDA and Delta & Pine Land Secure New Patent for Improvements in Terminator Genetic Seed Sterilization Technology' |publisher=Historycommons.org |access-date=July 24, 2012 |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205064112/http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=gm-104#gm-104  }}</ref><ref name="Warwick Terminator">{{cite journal |first=Hugh |last=Warwick |editor-last=Wijeratna |editor-first=Alex |editor2-last=Meienberg |editor2-first=François |editor3-last= Meienberg |title = Syngenta – Switching off farmers' rights? |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |date=October 2000 |url = http://www.fao.org/righttofood/KC/downloads/vl/docs/AH428.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512172032/http://www.fao.org/righttofood/KC/downloads/vl/docs/AH428.pdf |archive-date=May 12, 2011}}</ref> The technology has not been used commercially.<ref name="monsanto pledge">{{cite web |url=http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/terminator-seeds.aspx |title=Monsanto ~ Is Monsanto Going to Develop or Sell "Terminator" Seeds? |publisher=Monsanto.com |date=November 3, 2008 |access-date=July 24, 2012 |archive-date=June 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605020705/http://www.monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/terminator-seeds.aspx  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.banterminator.org/The-Issues/Introduction |title=Introduction / The Issues / |publisher=Ban Terminator |date=June 1, 2007 |access-date=August 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709023839/http://www.banterminator.org/The-Issues/Introduction |archive-date=July 9, 2012  }}</ref> Rumors that Monsanto and other companies intended to introduce terminator technology caused protests, for example in India.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/465969.stm |work=BBC News |title=Farmers welcome halt of 'terminator' |date=October 5, 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~sr793/doc/RHerring.pdf |title=CAS 38-4 24 Oct 2006.vp  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531024738/http://www.columbia.edu/~sr793/doc/RHerring.pdf |archive-date=May 31, 2013}}</ref>

In 1999, Monsanto pledged not to commercialize terminator technology.<ref name="monsanto pledge" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/1999/oct/06/gm.food2 |title=World braced for terminator 2 |last=Vidal |first=John |date=October 5, 1999 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> The [[Delta & Pine Land Company of Mississippi]] intended to commercialize the technology,<ref name="Warwick Terminator" /> but D&PL was acquired by Monsanto in 2007.<ref>[http://www.monsanto.com/whoweare/pages/monsanto-history.aspx "Monsanto Company History"] monsanto.com</ref>

Monsanto "Terminator seeds" were never commercialized nor used in any farmer's field anywhere in the world. The patent expired in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mangan|first=Mary|date=2021-02-12|title='Terminator seeds'—the anti-GMO bogeyman that never existed|url=https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2021/02/12/viewpoint-farewell-to-terminator-seeds-1995-2015-the-anti-gmo-movements-favorite-bogeyman/|access-date=2021-07-16|website=Genetic Literacy Project}}</ref>

==== GM wheat ====
{{main|Genetically modified wheat}}
Monsanto developed several strains of genetically modified wheat, including glyphosate-resistant strains, in the 1990s. Field tests were done in the United States between 1998 and 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2013/05/29/unapproved-monsanto-gmo-wheat-found-in-oregon.html |agency=Reuters |title=Unapproved Monsanto GMO Wheat Found in Oregon |publisher=[[CNBC]] |date=2013-05-29 |access-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref> As of 2017, no genetically modified wheat had been released for commercial use.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Regalado |first1=Antonio |title=These are not your father's GMOs |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/609230/these-are-not-your-fathers-gmos/ |website=MIT Technology Review |access-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref>