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== References == {{citation style|date=November 2022}} === Citations === {{Reflist|30em}} === Works cited === {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} * {{cite book |last=Abusch |first=Tzvi |title=Mesopotamian Witchcraft: Towards a History and Understanding of Babylonian Witchcraft Beliefs and Literature |location=Leiden, Netherlands |publisher=Brill |year=2002 |isbn=978-90-04-12387-8}} * {{cite journal |last=Bailey |first = Michael D. |title = The Meanings of Magic |journal= Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft |volume=1 |number=1 |year=2006 |pages=1β23 |doi=10.1353/mrw.0.0052 |doi-access=free }} * {{cite book |last=Bailey |first = Michael D. |title = Magic: The Basics |location = [[Abingdon-on-Thames|Abingdon]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-138-80961-1 }} * {{cite book |last1=Berger |first1=H. A. |last2=Ezzy |first2=D. |year=2007 |title=Teenage Witches: Magical Youth and the Search for the Self |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-4136-5}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Blain |editor1-first=J. |editor2-last=Ezzy |editor2-first=D. |editor3-last=Harvey |editor3-first=G. |year=2004 |title=Researching Paganisms |publisher=AltaMira Press |isbn=978-0-7591-0523-2}} * {{cite journal |last=Bogdan |first=Henrik |title=Introduction: Modern Western Magic |journal=[[Aries (journal)|Aries]] |volume=12 |number=1 |year=2012 |pages=1β16 |doi=10.1163/147783512X614812}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Bremmer |first = Jan N. |contribution = The Birth of the Term Magic |title = The Metamorphosis of Magic from Late Antiquity to the Early Modern Period |editor1 = Jan N. Bremmer |editor2=Jan R. Veenstra |location=Leuven |publisher=Peeters |year=2002 |pages=1β2 |isbn=978-90-429-1227-4 }} * {{cite book|last1=Brier|first1=Bob|last2=Hobbs|first2=Hoyt|date=2009|title=Ancient Egypt: Everyday Life in the Land of the Nile|location=New York|publisher=Sterling|isbn=978-1-4549-0907-1}} * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Michael |date=1995 |title=Israel's Divine Healer |location=Grand Rapids, Michigan |publisher=Zondervan |isbn=978-0-310-20029-1}} * {{cite book |last1=Crowley |first1=Aleister |title=Magick: Liber ABA, Book 4, Parts I-IV |date=1997 |publisher=Weiser |location=Boston |isbn=0-87728-919-0 |edition=Second revised}} * {{cite book |last=Cunningham |first=Graham |title=Religion and Magic: Approaches and Theories |location=Edinburgh |publisher = Edinburgh University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-7486-1013-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Davies |first=Owen |author-link=Owen Davies (historian) |year= 2007 |title=Popular Magic: Cunning-folk in English History |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-84725-036-0}} * {{cite book |first=Owen |last=Davies |title=Grimoires: A History of Magic Books |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-920451-9}} * {{cite book |last=Davies |first=Owen |title = Magic: A Very Short Introduction |location=Oxford |publisher = Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-958802-2}} * {{cite book |last1=Delaporte |first1=Louis-Joseph |author-link1=Louis-Joseph Delaporte |title=Mesopotamia |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-19924-0}} * {{cite book |last=Flint |first=Valerie I. J. |title=The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-691-03165-1 }} * {{cite book |last1=Freud |first1=Sigmund |last2=Strachey |first2=James |title = Totem and Taboo: Some Points of Agreement Between the Mental Lives of Savages and Neurotics |year=1950 |publisher = W.W. Norton & Co. |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-00143-3 |edition=Repint |url = https://archive.org/details/totemtaboosomepo00fre_y0d }} * {{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Richard |year=1999 |chapter=Imagining Greek and Roman Magic |title = The Athlone History of Witchcraft and Magic in Europe |volume = 2: Ancient Greece and Rome |location=London |publisher = Athlone Press |editor1 = Bengt Ankarloo |editor2 = Stuart Clark |pages=159β275 |isbn=978-0-485-89002-0 }} * {{cite book |last=Graf |first=Fritz|year=1997 |title=Magic in the Ancient World |place=Cambridge |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-54151-1}} * {{cite journal |first=Elizabeth |last=Graham |year=2018 |title = Do You Believe in Magic? |journal = Material Religion: The Journal of Objects, Art and Belief |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=255β257 |doi=10.1080/17432200.2018.1443843 |s2cid=195037024 }} * {{cite book |last1=Greenwood |first1=Susan |year=2000 |title=Magic, Witchcraft and the Otherworld: An Anthropology |publisher=Berg Publishing |isbn=978-1-85973-450-6}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Hanegraaff |first = Wouter J. |pages=716β719 |title = Magic I: Introduction |encyclopedia = Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism |year = 2006 |publisher=Brill |editor = Wouter J. Hanegraaff |isbn=978-90-04-15231-1 }} * {{cite encyclopedia |last = Hanegraaff |first = Wouter J. |pages=738β744 |title = Magic V: 18th-20th Century |encyclopedia = Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism |year = 2006b |publisher=Brill |editor = Wouter J. Hanegraaff |isbn=978-90-04-15231-1 }} * {{cite book |last=Hanegraaff |first=Wouter |year=2012 |title = Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture |publisher = Cambridge University Press |location = Cambridge, England |isbn=978-0-521-19621-5 }} * {{cite book |last=Hutton |first=Ronald |title = Witches, Druids and King Arthur |location = London and New York |publisher = Hambledon and London |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-85285-397-6 |url-access=registration |url = https://archive.org/details/witchesdruidskin00hutt }} * {{cite book |last1=Hutton |first1=Ronald |title=The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present |date=2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-22904-2 |language=en}} * {{cite book |last = Jolly |first = Karen Louise |title = Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context |location = Chapel Hill and London |publisher = University of North Carolina Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8078-4565-3 }} * {{cite book |first=Maulana |last=Karenga |title=Maat, the Moral Ideal in Ancient Egypt: A Study in Classical African Ethics |year=2006 |publisher=University of Sankore Press |isbn=978-0-943412-25-2}} * {{cite journal|last1=Kieckhefer|first1=Richard|title=The Specific Rationality of Medieval Magic|journal=The American Historical Review|date=June 1994|volume=99|issue=3|pages=813β818|doi=10.2307/2167771|jstor=2167771|pmid=11639314}} * {{cite book |last=Kieckhefer |first=Richard |year=2000 |title = Magic in the Middle Ages |edition = 2nd |publisher = Cambridge University Press |location = Cambridge, England |isbn=978-0-521-78576-1 }} * {{cite book|last1=Kindt|first1=Julia|title=Rethinking Greek Religion|date=2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-11092-1|location=Cambridge|author-link=Julia Kindt}} * {{Cite book |title = Mesopotamia: The World's Earliest Civilization |last = Kuiper |first = Kathleen |publisher = The Rosen Publishing Group |year = 2010 |isbn = 978-1-61530-112-6}} * {{cite journal |last = Mair |first = Victor H. |title = Old Sinitic *M<sup>Ξ³</sup>ag, Old Persian MaguΕ‘, and English "Magician" |journal = Early China |volume=15 |year=2015 |pages=27β47 |issn=0362-5028 |doi=10.1017/S0362502800004995 |s2cid = 192107986 }} * {{cite book |last1=Mauss |first1=Marcel |last2=Bain |first2=Robert |last3=Pocock |first3=D. F. |title = A General Theory of Magic |year = 2007 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-0-415-25396-3 |edition=Reprint }} * {{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=J. L. |title=Practice and perception of black magic among the Hittites |journal=Altorientalische Forschungen |date=2010 |volume=37 |issue=2 |doi=10.1524/aofo.2010.0015 |s2cid=162843793}} * {{cite book |last1=Otto |first1=Berndt-Christian |last2=Stausberg |first2=Michael |year=2013 |title = Defining Magic: A Reader |publisher=Equinox |location=Durham |isbn=978-1-908049-80-3 }} * {{cite book |first=Jesper Aagaard |last=Petersen |year=2009 |title=Contemporary religious Satanism: A Critical Anthology |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-5286-1}} * {{cite book |last=Ritner |first=R. K. |chapter=Magic: An Overview |editor-last=Redford |editor-first=D. B. |title=Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001}} * {{cite book |first=Jeffrey Burton |last=Russell |date=1972 |title=Witchcraft in the Middle Ages |url=https://archive.org/details/witchcraftinmidd0000russ |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |location=Ithaca, New York |isbn=978-0-8014-9289-1}} * {{cite book |last = Sasson |first = Jack M. |title = Civilizations of the ancient Near East |year=1995 |publisher=Scribner |isbn=978-0-684-19722-7 |language=en }} * {{cite book |last=Styers |first=Randall |year=2004 |title = Making Magic: Religion, Magic, and Science in the Modern World |publisher = Oxford University Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-19-516941-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Tambiah |first = Stanley Jeyaraja |title = Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality |year = 1991 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |location = Cambridge, England |isbn=978-0-521-37631-0 |edition=Reprint }} * {{cite book |last=Teeter |first=E. |year=2011 |title=Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-84855-8}} {{Refend}}
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