Editing Lviv (section)

==Economy==
[[File:E14101.jpg|thumb|E19101 electric bus – product of the [[Electron (company)|Electron]]]]
Lviv is the most important business centre of [[Western Ukraine]]. As of 1 January 2011, the city has invested 837.1 million [[United States dollar|US dollars]] into the economy, accounting for almost two-thirds of total investment in the Lviv region. In 2015, the companies of Lviv received $14.3 million of foreign direct investment; which is however two times less than a year earlier ($30.9 million in 2014).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vgolos.com.ua/news/pryami_inozemni_investytsii_u_lviv_skorotylys_u_22_razu_207661.html |title=Прямі іноземні інвестиції у Львів скоротились у 2,2 разу (ГРАФІК) |website=vgolos.com.ua |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161130/http://vgolos.com.ua/news/pryami_inozemni_investytsii_u_lviv_skorotylys_u_22_razu_207661.html |url-status=live }}</ref> During January–September 2017 the general amount of direct foreign investment received by the local government in Lviv was $52.4 million. According to the statistics administration, foreign capital was invested by 31 countries (some of the main investors: Poland – 47.7%; Australia – 11.3%; [[Cyprus]] – 10.7% and the Netherlands – 6%).<ref>{{cite news |script-title=uk:Обсяг прямих іноземних інвестицій на Львівщині сягнув понад 50 млн дол. |language=uk |url=http://leopolis.news/obsyag-pryamyh-inozemnyh-investytsij-na-lvivshhyni-syagnuv-ponad-50-mln-dol/ |year=2017 |publisher=Leopolis News |access-date=6 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122184706/http://leopolis.news/obsyag-pryamyh-inozemnyh-investytsij-na-lvivshhyni-syagnuv-ponad-50-mln-dol/ |archive-date=22 January 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The total revenue of the city budget of Lviv for 2015 was set at about UAH 3.81 billion, which was 23% more than a year earlier (UAH 2.91 billion in 2014).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www8.city-adm.lviv.ua/inteam/uhvaly.nsf/(SearchForWeb)/909A31A6B178D576C2257DDB0031913A?OpenDocument |title=Ухвала №4261 від 01/19/2015 |website=www8.city-adm.lviv.ua |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314173229/http://www8.city-adm.lviv.ua/inteam/uhvaly.nsf/(SearchForWeb)/909A31A6B178D576C2257DDB0031913A?OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 10 November 2017, the deputies of the [[Lviv City Council]] approved a budget in amount of UAH 5.4 billion ($204 million), most of which (UAH 5.12 billion) was the revenue of the fund of Lviv.<ref>{{citation |script-title=uk:Львів отримав бюджет на 2017 рік |language=uk |url=https://lvivrada.gov.ua/novyny/item/6170-lyviv-otrymav-byudzhet-na-2017-rik |year=2017 |publisher=LvivRada |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072110/https://lvivrada.gov.ua/novyny/item/6170-lyviv-otrymav-byudzhet-na-2017-rik |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=uk:Депутати Львова затвердили бюджет на 2017 рік |language=uk |url=https://zik.ua/news/2016/11/10/byudzhet_lvova_na_2017_rik_zatverdyly_iz_profitsytom_v_1235_milyarda_988957 |year=2017 |publisher=Zik.UA |access-date=10 November 2016 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072214/https://zik.ua/news/2016/11/10/byudzhet_lvova_na_2017_rik_zatverdyly_iz_profitsytom_v_1235_milyarda_988957 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The average wage in Lviv in 2015 in the business sector amounted to 14,041 UAH, in the budget sphere – 9,475 [[Ukrainian hryvnia|UAH]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://galinfo.com.ua/news/u_lvovi_serednya_zarplata_v_galuzi_it__28_tys_grn_217703.html |title=У Львові середня зарплата в галузі ІТ – 28 тис. грн |work=Гал-інфо |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314193826/http://galinfo.com.ua/news/u_lvovi_serednya_zarplata_v_galuzi_it__28_tys_grn_217703.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 February 2014, registered unemployment was 0.6%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vgolos.com.ua/news/bezrobitnyh_u_lvovi_menshe_1__ofitsiyna_statystyka_134830.html |title=Безробітних у Львові менше 1% – офіційна статистика |website=vgolos.com.ua |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314161918/http://vgolos.com.ua/news/bezrobitnyh_u_lvovi_menshe_1__ofitsiyna_statystyka_134830.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lviv is one of the largest cities in Ukraine and is growing rapidly. According to the Ministry of [[Economy of Ukraine]] the [[List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by salary|monthly average salary]] in Lviv is a little less than the average for Ukraine which in February 2013 was 6050 [[Ukrainian hryvnia|UAH]] ($755). According to [[World Bank Group|the World Bank]] classification Lviv is a [[middle class|middle-income]] city. In June 2019, the average wage amounted to 23,000 UAH ($920), which was 18.9% more than in the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=uk:Яка у Львові середня зарплата |language=uk |url=https://dyvys.info/2019/09/10/yaka-u-lvovi-serednya-zarplata/ |year=2019 |publisher=Dyvys.info |access-date=10 September 2019 |archive-date=15 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115203628/https://dyvys.info/2019/09/10/yaka-u-lvovi-serednya-zarplata/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=State Statistics Service of Ukraine |language=en |url=http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ |year=2019 |publisher=Statistics Service of Ukraine |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=23 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123112523/http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lviv has 218 large industrial [[Business|enterprises]], more than 40 commercial [[Banks in Lviv|banks]], 4 exchanges, 13 investment companies, 80 insurance and 24 leasing companies, 77 audit firms and almost 9,000 small ventures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://map.lviv.ua/lviv04.html |title=Львів діловий, виставковий, бізнесовий ''Карта Львова'' |website=map.lviv.ua |access-date=9 April 2013 |archive-date=14 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714035316/http://map.lviv.ua/lviv04.html |url-status=live }}</ref> For many years machinery-building and [[electronics]] were leading industries in Lviv. The city-based public company [[Electron (company)|Electron]], trademark of national [[television set]]s manufacturing, produces the 32 and 37-inches liquid-crystal TV-sets. The Electrontrans specializes in design and production of modern [[Electric vehicle|electric transport]] including [[tram]]s, [[trolleybus]]es, [[electric bus]]es, and spare parts. In 2013 Elektrotrans JV started producing low-floor trams, the first Ukrainian 100% low-floor tramways.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zik.ua/ua/news/2013/05/24/410451 |title=Низькопідлоговий трамвай ось-ось завершать. У червні він уже може поїхати Львовом |access-date=6 June 2013 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016080929/http://zik.ua/ua/news/2013/05/24/410451 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Lviv Bus Factory|LAZ]] is a bus manufacturing company in Lviv with its own rich history. Founded in 1945, LAZ started bus production in the early 1950s. Innovative design ideas of Lviv engineers have become the world standard in bus manufacturing.{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}}

The total volume of industrial production sold in 2015 amounted to UAH 24.2 billion, which was 39% more than a year earlier (UAH 14.6 billion in 2014).<ref>{{citation |script-title=uk:Обсяг реалізованої промислової продукції за основними видами діяльності у місті Львові за 2015 рік |language=uk |url=http://www.lv.ukrstat.gov.ua/ukr/si/express/2016/v0309_20.pdf |year=2016 |publisher=ukrstat.gov.ua |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314172608/http://www.lv.ukrstat.gov.ua/ukr/si/express/2016/v0309_20.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation |script-title=uk:ОВІДОМЛЕННЯ ПРО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНЕ СТАНОВИЩЕ МІСТА ЛЬВОВА У СІЧНІ 2015 РОКУ |language=uk |url=http://www.lv.ukrstat.gov.ua/ukr/themes/99/2015/pp_LV_0115.pdf |year=2015 |publisher=ukrstat.gov.ua |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314172735/http://www.lv.ukrstat.gov.ua/ukr/themes/99/2015/pp_LV_0115.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

There are several banks based in Lviv, such as Kredobank, Idea Bank, VS Bank, Oksi Bank and Lviv Bank. None of these banks have bankrupted during the political and economic crisis of 2014–2016, which can be explained by the presence of foreign capital in most of them.

From 2015 to 2019, the city experienced a construction boom. In Q1 2019, according to statistical data, growth in the volume of new housing construction was recorded in Lviv (3.2 times, to 377,900 square meters).<ref>{{citation |title=Lviv becomes Ukraine's real estate boomtown |publisher=bunews.com |language=en |url=http://bunews.com.ua/economy/item/lviv-becomes-ukraines-real-estate-boomtown |access-date=15 November 2019 |archive-date=15 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115223132/http://bunews.com.ua/economy/item/lviv-becomes-ukraines-real-estate-boomtown |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lviv is a major business center between [[Warsaw]] and [[Kyiv]]. According to the Lviv Economic Development Strategy, the main branches of the city's economy by 2025 were to be [[tourism]] and [[information technologies]] (IT), with business services and [[logistics]] also considered priorities.<ref>{{citation |script-title=uk:Стратегія економічного розвитку |language=uk |url=http://www.city-adm.lviv.ua/adm/projects/department-of-economic-policy/649-strategija-jekonomichnogo-rozvitku |year=2015 |publisher=city-adm.lviv.ua |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024061219/http://www.city-adm.lviv.ua/adm/projects/department-of-economic-policy/649-strategija-jekonomichnogo-rozvitku |archive-date=24 October 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, the Nestlé service center is in Lviv. This center guides the company's divisions in 20 countries of Central and Eastern Europe.<ref>{{cite news |title=У Львові відкрили перший у Європі об'єднаний бізнес-сервіс-центр Nestlé |language=uk |url=http://zaxid.net/news/showNews.do?u_lvovi_vidkrili_pershiy_u_yevropi_obyednaniy_biznesservistsentr_neztl&objectId=1230327 |year=2011 |publisher=Zahid.Net |access-date=4 July 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128221548/http://zaxid.net/news/showNews.do?u_lvovi_vidkrili_pershiy_u_yevropi_obyednaniy_biznesservistsentr_neztl&objectId=1230327 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also during 2016 the Global Service Center VimpelCom in Lviv was launched, which serves finance, procurement and HR operations in eight foreign branches of this company.<ref>{{cite news |title=У Львові відкрили перший у Європі об'єднаний бізнес-сервіс-центр Nestlé |language=uk |url=http://city-adm.lviv.ua/news/city/lviv-changes/236291-vimpelcom-vidkryla-u-lvovi-hlobalnyi-servisnyi-tsentr-na-900-robochykh-mists |year=2016 |publisher=Zahid.Net |access-date=16 December 2016 |archive-date=18 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218180607/http://city-adm.lviv.ua/news/city/lviv-changes/236291-vimpelcom-vidkryla-u-lvovi-hlobalnyi-servisnyi-tsentr-na-900-robochykh-mists |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are many restaurants and shops as well as street vendors of food, books, clothes, traditional cultural items and tourist gifts. Banking and money trading are an important part of the economy of Lviv with many banks and exchange offices throughout the city. The city is also a home for big food-related companies like [[Lvivske]] beer factory, [[Svitoch]] cholocate factory, [[Enzym Group|Enzym]], [[Lviv Liquor and Vodka factory]], etc.

===Information technology===

Lviv is also one of the leaders of [[software]] export in [[Eastern Europe]], with expected sector growth of 20% by 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newfireglobal.com/learn/why-outsource-software-development-to-eastern-europe/ |title=Why Outsource Software Development to Eastern Europe? |website=newfireglobal.com |date=12 July 2017 |language=en |access-date=2021-05-27 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527123222/https://www.newfireglobal.com/learn/why-outsource-software-development-to-eastern-europe/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Over 15% of all IT specialists in Ukraine work in Lviv, with over 4100 new IT graduates coming from local universities each year. About 2,500 tech enthusiasts attended Lviv IT Arena, the largest technology conference in Western Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.n-ix.com/why-lviv-is-most-attractive-it-outsourcing-destination-ukraine/ |title=Why Lviv is the Most Attractive IT Outsourcing Destination in Ukraine – N-iX |website=n-ix.com |language=en |access-date=2019-10-02 |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526081011/https://www.n-ix.com/why-lviv-is-most-attractive-it-outsourcing-destination-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Over 24,000 IT specialists work in Lviv as of 2019.<ref name="ain.ua">{{Cite web |url=https://ain.ua/en/2019/01/02/lviv-it-cluster-research/ |title=Economic impact of IT Industry in Lviv reached $1 billion – IT Cluster research |date=2019-01-02 |website=AIN.UA |language=en-US |access-date=2019-10-02 |archive-date=17 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017223715/https://ain.ua/en/2019/01/02/lviv-it-cluster-research/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lviv is among top five most popular Ukrainian cities for opening [[Research and development|R&D]] center in IT and [[Outsourcing|IT outsourcing]] spheres together with [[Kyiv]], [[Dnipro]], [[Kharkiv]] and [[Odesa]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://perfectial.com/blog/it-outsourcing-2019/ |title=IT Outsourcing 2019 in Ukraine |last=Storozhkova |first=Elena |date=2019-11-25 |website=Perfectial |language=en |access-date=2020-04-13 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315054857/https://perfectial.com/blog/it-outsourcing-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2009, [[KPMG]], one of the well-known international auditing companies, included Lviv as one of the top 30 cities with the greatest potential of information technology development.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=uk:Події 2009 року, що змінили Львів |language=uk |url=http://www.city-adm.lviv.ua/news/lviv-zminujetsa/7375-text1 |year=2009 |publisher=city-adm.lviv.ua |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=3 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103085130/http://www.city-adm.lviv.ua/news/lviv-zminujetsa/7375-text1 |url-status=live |work=Львівська міська рада }}</ref> As of December 2015, there were 192 IT companies operating in the city, of which 4 were large (with more than 400 employees), 16 were average (150–300 employees), 97 were small (10–110 employees) and 70 were micro companies (3–7 employees). From 2017 to 2018 the number of IT companies increased to 317.<ref name="ain.ua" />

The turnover of Lviv's IT industry in 2015 amounted to $300 million. About 50% of IT services are exported to the US, 37% to Europe, and the rest to other countries. As of 2015, about 15 thousand specialists were employed in this industry with an average salary of 28 thousand UAH. According to a study of the Economic Effect of the Lviv IT-Market, which was conducted by Lviv IT Cluster and sociological agency "The Farm", there were 257 IT companies operating in Lviv in 2017 which employed about 17 thousand specialists. The economic impact of the IT industry in Lviv is $734 million.<ref>{{citation |title=IT Research 2.0 |language=en |url=https://itcluster.lviv.ua/en/projects/it-research/ |year=2017 |publisher=IT Cluster |access-date=23 January 2018 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123190940/https://itcluster.lviv.ua/en/projects/it-research/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

There are 15 top universities in Lviv, 5 of which prepare highly skilled specialists in computer and IT technologies and supply over 1,000 IT graduates to the market annually.<ref>{{citation |title=Regional Structure of Ukraine's IT Outsourcing Industry |url=https://www.symphony-solutions.eu/regional-structure-of-ukraines-it-outsourcing-industry/ |year=2017 |publisher=Symphony Solutions |access-date=26 August 2021 |archive-date=26 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826113821/https://www.symphony-solutions.eu/regional-structure-of-ukraines-it-outsourcing-industry/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Lviv IT outsourcing companies gathered{{when|date=July 2021}} all kinds of Ukrainian developers in one place, resulting in many front-end interns, JavaScript developers, back-end and full-stack coders with proper qualifications, experience, and good English language skills. Some IT companies in Lviv offer outsourcing software services to international corporations rather than developing their software product.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://elitex.systems/blog/lviv-destination-it-software-outsourcing/ |title=Why Lviv is the best destination for IT outsourcing – Elitex Systems |website=elitex.systems |date=11 January 2021 |language=en |access-date=2021-01-18 |archive-date=6 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306045659/https://elitex.systems/blog/lviv-destination-it-software-outsourcing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>