Editing Lindisfarne (section)

===Lindisfarne Castle===
{{main|Lindisfarne Castle}}
Lindisfarne Castle was built in 1550, around the time that Lindisfarne Priory went out of use, and stones from the priory were used as building material. It is very small by the usual standards, and was more of a fort. The castle sits on the highest point of the island, a [[whinstone]] hill called Beblowe.{{sfn|The National Trust|2023}}

After Henry VIII suppressed the priory, his troops used the remains as a naval store. In 1542 Henry VIII ordered the [[Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland|Earl of Rutland]] to fortify the site against possible Scottish invasion. [[John Harington (died 1553)|Sir John Harington]] and the Master Mason of Berwick started to plan to build two earth bulwarks, although the Rutland advised the use of stone from the priory.<ref>Joseph Bain, ''Hamilton Papers'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1890), p. 179.</ref> In September 1544 a Scottish fleet led by John Barton in the ''[[English ship Mary Willoughby|Mary Willoughby]]'' threatened the English coast. It was thought the Scottish ships might try to burn Lindisfarne, so orders were given to repair the decayed bulwark or blockhouse at Holy Island.<ref>Joseph Bain, ''Hamilton Papers'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1892), pp. 463, 471–76.</ref>

By December 1547, Ralph Cleisbye, Captain of the fort, had guns including a wheel-mounted [[demi-culverin]], two brass [[saker (cannon)|sakers]], a [[falconet (cannon)|falcon]], and another fixed demi-culverin.{{sfn|Starkey|1998|p=134}} However, Beblowe Crag itself was not fortified until 1549 and Sir Richard Lee saw only a decayed platform and turf rampart there in 1565. [[Elizabeth I]] then had work carried out on the fort, strengthening it and providing gun platforms for the developments in artillery technology. When [[James VI and I]] came to power in England, he combined the [[Union of the Crowns|Scottish and English thrones]], and the need for the castle declined. At that time the castle was still garrisoned from Berwick and protected the small Lindisfarne Harbour.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

During the [[Jacobite rising of 1715]] the [[Earl of Mar]] (later commander of the Jacobite army) planned for a Franco-Spanish invasion of North-East England to link up with indigenous Jacobites and the Scottish army marching south.  The Holy Island was regarded by Mar as the ideal place for a landing.{{sfn|Gooch|1995|pp=34–35}}  The following day, however, he decided on a more southerly landing.{{sfn|Gooch|1995|p=35}}

Lindisfarne was close to [[Bamburgh]] which at that time was owned by [[Thomas Forster]] who was a committed Jacobite.{{sfn|Gooch|1995|p=38}}  The Jacobites wanted to secure the castle on Holy Island so as "to give signals to the ships from which they expected succours from abroad".  The castle was sealed but only held by around six men.  The brigantine ''Mary'' of the Tyne, ex France was anchored in the bay.  The master, [[Lancelot Errington]], went ashore on 10 October 1715 to ask Samuel Phillipson, the castle's [[Master Gunner]] who also served as the unit's [[barber]], for a shave.{{sfn|Gooch|1995|p=71}}  The men knew each other and so this seemed entirely innocent.  Errington established that only two soldiers (Phillipson and Farggison) and Phillipson's wife were actually in the castle, the rest of the garrison being off duty.  Errington returned with his nephew later in the day claiming to have lost the key to his watch then pulled a pistol on Phillipson and ejected the three people.  Forster was expected to send reinforcements to the castle but never did.{{sfn|Gooch|1995|p=72}}

The following day Colonel Laton with a hundred troops arrived from Berwick and was joined by 50 of the islanders in retaking the castle.  The Erringtons fled, were caught and imprisoned in the tollbooth at Berwick but tunnelled their way out and escaped back to Bamburgh.{{sfn|Gooch|1995|p=73}}  On 14 October two French ships signalled to the castle, but on receiving no reply withdrew.{{sfn|Gooch|1995|p=74}}

The castle was refurbished in the [[Arts and Crafts movement|Arts and Crafts]] style by Sir [[Edwin Lutyens]] for the editor of [[Country Life (magazine)|''Country Life'']], [[Edward Hudson (magazine owner)|Edward Hudson]]. Lutyens also designed the [[Holy Island War Memorial]] on the Heugh. 

One of the most celebrated gardeners of modern times, [[Gertrude Jekyll]] (1843–1932), laid out a small walled garden just north of the castle in 1911.{{sfn|The National Trust|2020}}  The [[castle]], garden and nearby lime kilns are in the care of the [[National Trust]] and open to visitors.{{sfn|The National Trust|2020}}