Editing Latvia (section)

=== Ethnic groups ===
In 2023, [[Latvian people|Latvians]] formed about 62.4% of the population, while 23.7% were [[Russians in the Baltic states|Russians]], [[Belarusians]] 3%, [[Ukrainians]] 3%, [[Polish people|Poles]] 2%, [[Lithuanians]] 1%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by ethnicity at the beginning of year 1935 - 2023 |url=https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/en/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRE/IRE010/ |access-date=8 July 2023 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221234523/https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/en/OSP_PUB/START__POP__IR__IRE/IRE010/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In some cities, including [[Daugavpils]] and [[Rēzekne]], ethnic Latvians constitute a minority of the total population. Despite a steadily increasing  proportion of ethnic Latvians for more than a decade, ethnic Latvians also still make up slightly less than a half of the population of the capital city of Latvia – [[Riga]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

The share of ethnic Latvians declined from 77% (1,467,035) in 1935 to 52% (1,387,757) in 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lka.edu.lv/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=index&topic=68 |title=About Latvia |publisher=Latvian Academy of Culture |access-date=28 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629231221/http://www.lka.edu.lv/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=index&topic=68 |archive-date=29 June 2007 }}</ref> In the context of a decreasing overall population, there were fewer Latvians in 2011 than in 1989, but their share of the population was larger&nbsp;– 1,285,136 (62.1% of the population).<ref>{{cite web|title=TSG11-06. Resident population on March 1, 2011 by ethnicity, sex and age group|url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/tautassk_11/tautassk_11__tsk2011/TSG11-06.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c8c8a0dd-6a8e-4e89-add7-718c9998db99|publisher=Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia|access-date=27 February 2017}}{{dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The majority of Latvia's population are Latvians, who are an ethnic Baltic people. The country also has a significant Russian minority, as well as smaller populations of Ukrainians, Belarusians, and other Slavic peoples. These ethnic groups are all descended from peoples who settled in Latvia during the centuries of Russian and Soviet rule.

Latvia's ethnic diversity is a result of a number of factors, including a long history of foreign rule, its location on the Baltic Sea trade route, and its proximity to other Slavic countries. The Russian Empire conquered Latvia in the 18th century and ruled the country for over 200 years. During this time, the Russian authorities encouraged the settlement of Russian colonists in Latvia. After the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1918, Latvia became an independent country. However, the country was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 and remained under Soviet rule until 1991. The Soviets expelled some groups and resettled others in Latvia, especially Russians.  After 1991 many of the expellees returned to Latvia.<ref>James Minahan, ''Miniature Empires'' (1998) p. 216.</ref>

As a result of deteriorating relations with Russia, Latvia has decided it does not want Russian citizens in Latvia who will not integrate. In late 2023 it is expected that around 5-6,000 Russians will be returned to Russia as they have made little effort to learn the Latvian language, integrate with Latvia, or apply to become Latvian citizens.<ref>{{cite web |title=Latvia to ask thousands of Russian citizens to leave the country |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2050380/latvia-to-ask-thousands-of-russian-citizens-to-leave-the-country |date=4 August 2023 |access-date=11 September 2023 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811072022/https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2050380/latvia-to-ask-thousands-of-russian-citizens-to-leave-the-country |url-status=live }}</ref>