Editing LSD (section)

====Mechanisms of action====
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| image1 = FMRI V1 RSFC LSD.png
| caption1 = [[Resting state fMRI]] [[BOLD-contrast imaging]] shows increased [[primary visual cortex]] (V1) [[cerebral blood flow]] (CBF) and increased V1 [[resting state functional connectivity]] (RSFC), which correlated more strongly with the visual hallucinatory aspect of the LSD experience. Increased V1 RSFC also correlated with [[visual analogue scale]] (VAS) ratings of simple hallucinations and the magnitude of CBF observed in the visual cortex correlated positively with ratings of complex imagery on the LSD-induced [[altered state of consciousness]] (ASC).<ref name="pmid27071089">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carhart-Harris RL, Muthukumaraswamy S, Roseman L, Kaelen M, Droog W, Murphy K, Tagliazucchi E, Schenberg EE, Nest T, Orban C, Leech R, Williams LT, Williams TM, Bolstridge M, Sessa B, McGonigle J, Sereno MI, Nichols D, Hellyer PJ, Hobden P, Evans J, Singh KD, Wise RG, Curran HV, Feilding A, Nutt DJ |title=Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |volume=113 |issue=17 |pages=4853–4858 |date=11 April 2016 |pmid=27071089 |pmc=4855588 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1518377113 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.4853C |doi-access=free}}</ref>
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| image2 = FMRI PH RSFC LSD.png
| caption2 = [[Resting state fMRI]] [[BOLD-contrast imaging]] shows decreased [[Parahippocampal gyrus|bilateral parahippocampal]] (PH) [[resting state functional connectivity]] (RSFC), which correlated with the [[ego-dissolution]] aspect of the LSD experience. A significant relationship was also found between decreased [[posterior cingulate cortex]] (PCC) [[Alpha wave|alpha power]] and [[default mode network]] (DMN) disintegration with ego-dissolution.<ref name="pmid27071089" />
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Neuroimaging studies using [[resting state]] [[fMRI]] recently suggested that LSD changes the cortical functional architecture.<ref name="Singleton SP">{{cite journal | vauthors = Singleton SP, Luppi AI, Carhart-Harris RL, Cruzat J, Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Deco G, Kringelbach ML, Stamatakis EA, Kuceyeski A |title = Receptor-informed network control theory links LSD and psilocybin to a flattening of the brain's control energy landscape|journal = Nat Commun |volume=13 | issue=1 | page=5812 | date=Oct 2022 | pmid=36192411 | doi = 10.1038/s41467-022-33578-1 | pmc=9530221 | bibcode=2022NatCo..13.5812S | doi-access=free }}</ref> These modifications spatially overlap with the distribution of serotoninergic receptors. In particular, increased connectivity and activity were observed in regions with high expression of [[5-HT2A receptor|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] receptor, while a decrease in activity and connectivity was observed in cortical areas that are dense with [[5-HT1A receptor|5-HT<sub>1A</sub>]] receptor.<ref name="Delli Pizzi S BP:CNNI">{{cite journal |vauthors=Delli Pizzi S, Chiacchiaretta P, Sestieri C, Ferretti A, Onofrj M, Della Penna S, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Sensi SL |title=Spatial Correspondence of LSD-Induced Variations on Brain Functioning at Rest With Serotonin Receptor Expression |journal=Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=768–776 |date=July 2023 |pmid=37003409 |doi=10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.03.009 |s2cid=257862535}}</ref> Experimental data suggest that subcortical structures, particularly the thalamus, play a synergistic role with the cerebral cortex in mediating the psychedelic experience. LSD, through its binding to cortical [[5-HT2A receptor|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]] receptor, may enhance excitatory neurotransmission along frontostriatal projections and, consequently, reduce thalamic filtering of sensory stimuli towards the cortex.<ref name="Delli Pizzi S NeuroImage">{{cite journal |vauthors=Delli Pizzi S, Chiacchiaretta P, Sestieri C, Ferretti A, Tullo MG, Della Penna S, Martinotti G, Onofrj M, Roseman L, Timmermann C, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL, Sensi SL |title=LSD-induced changes in the functional connectivity of distinct thalamic nuclei |journal=NeuroImage |volume=283 |page=120414 |date=Dec 2023 |pmid=37858906 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120414 |doi-access=free}}</ref> This phenomenon appears to selectively involve ventral, intralaminar, and pulvinar nuclei.<ref name="Delli Pizzi S NeuroImage"/>