Editing Kidney dialysis (section)

=== United States ===
Since 1972, insurance companies in the United States have covered the cost of dialysis and transplants for all citizens.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Rettig RA, ((National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine)) | chapter = Origins of the Medicare Kidney Disease Entitlement: The Social Security Amendments of 1972 | chapter-url=https://www.nap.edu/read/1793/chapter/6 | date = 1991 | title = Biomedical Politics. | doi  = 10.17226/1793 | veditors = Hanna KE |publisher=National Academy Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-309-04486-8 |pmid=25121217 }}</ref> By 2014, more than 460,000 Americans were undergoing treatment, the costs of which amount to six percent of the entire Medicare budget. Kidney disease is the ninth leading cause of death, and the U.S. has one of the highest mortality rates for dialysis care in the industrialized world. The rate of patients getting [[Kidney transplantation|kidney transplants]] has been lower than expected. These outcomes have been blamed on a new for-profit dialysis industry responding to government payment policies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/in-dialysis-life-saving-care-at-great-risk-and-cost|title=In Dialysis, Life-Saving Care at Great Risk and Cost| vauthors = Fields R |date=2010-11-09|work=ProPublica|access-date=2017-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/john-oliver-last-week-tonight-dialysis-609169|title=John Oliver sees ills in for-profit dialysis centers|date=2017-05-15|work=Newsweek|access-date=2017-05-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.buffalo.edu/ubreporter/archive/vol34/vol34n7/articles/Dialysis.html|title=Profit motive linked to dialysis deaths - UB Reporter|website=www.buffalo.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-05-18}}</ref> A 1999 study concluded that "patients treated in for-profit dialysis facilities have higher mortality rates and are less likely to be placed on the waiting list for a renal transplant than are patients who are treated in not-for-profit facilities", possibly because transplantation removes a constant stream of revenue from the facility.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Garg PP, Frick KD, Diener-West M, Powe NR | title = Effect of the ownership of dialysis facilities on patients' survival and referral for transplantation | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 341 | issue = 22 | pages = 1653–1660 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10572154 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199911253412205 | s2cid = 45158008 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The insurance industry has complained about kickbacks and problematic relationships between charities and providers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/02/business/unitedhealthcare-sues-dialysis-chain-over-billing.html|title=UnitedHealthcare Sues Dialysis Chain Over Billing| vauthors = Abelsonm R, Thomas K |date=2016-07-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>