Editing Kibbutz (section)

=== Kibbutzim in France ===
From 1933 to 1935, the village of [[Jugeals-Nazareth]] hosted {{ill|Makhar|fr}}, the only Jewish kibbutz in France.<ref>{{cite web |first=Pascal |last=Coussy |date=2013-06-23 |title=Il y a 80 ans, le seul kibboutz de France était fondé en Corrèze |language=fr |publisher=[[France 3]] |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nouvelle-aquitaine/2013/06/23/il-y-80-ans-le-seul-kibboutz-de-france-etait-cree-en-correze-275737.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505211350/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/nouvelle-aquitaine/2013/06/23/il-y-80-ans-le-seul-kibboutz-de-france-etait-cree-en-correze-275737.html |archive-date=2021-05-05}}</ref> An agricultural building was rented by an emissary from Baron [[Robert de Rothschild]] to open a farm-school for young French Jews, before their departure for Palestine, conquered by the British in December 1917 with the arrival in [[Jerusalem]] in particular of [[Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby|General Edmund Allenby]] and which was then placed by decision of the [[League of Nations]] in 1920 as a [[Mandatory Palestine|mandatory territory]] of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Jewish refugees join Makhar, mostly Germans, but also Poles, Lithuanians, Russians, Hungarians, Dutch or Czechs and even Americans. About 500 to 800 kibbutznikim thus cultivated {{convert|75|ha}}.<ref>{{cite web |work=[[Les Echos (France)|Les Echos]] |title=Machar, un kibboutz au coeur de la Corrèze |first=Neila |last=Beyler |date=2015-08-11 |language=fr |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/11/08/2015/LesEchos/21998-034-ECH_machar--un-kibboutz-au-coeur-de-la-correze.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213020842/https://www.lesechos.fr/2015/08/machar-un-kibboutz-au-coeur-de-la-correze-1107861 |archive-date=2021-02-13 |url-status=live |accessdate=2018-06-18}}</ref> The rise of [[anti-Semitism in France]] and the xenophobic actions of the sub-prefect {{ill|Roger Dutruch|fr}}, however, eventually forced the closure of Makhar. Most of the residents then left for [[Ayelet HaShahar]].<ref>{{cite web |language=fr |title=Le Kibboutz de Nazareth |url=https://www.jugeals-nazareth.fr/mod_turbolead/upload/file/TablesVezere-60x40-Jugeals-Kibboutz.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618203924/https://www.jugeals-nazareth.fr/mod_turbolead/upload/file/TablesVezere-60x40-Jugeals-Kibboutz.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-18 |publisher=jugeals-nazareth.fr |accessdate=2018-06-03}}</ref>

From 1960 to 1963, a [[Jansenism|Jansenist]] Catholic kibbutz, inspired by the kibbutzim of Israel, was created by Vincent Thibout, a member of {{ill|La Famille|italic=yes|fr|La Famille (communauté religieuse)}} in [[Pardailhan]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Le mystérieux kibboutz de Pardailhan |url=https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/la-fabrique-de-lhistoire/dissidences-chretiennes-24-le-mysterieux-kibboutz-de-pardailhan |publisher=[[France Culture]] |date=2017-04-18 |accessdate=2021-02-23}}</ref> He then created a new Christian community, still based on the kibbutz model and self-determined as such, in [[Malrevers]].