Editing John Maynard Keynes (section)

===Views on race===
Some critics have sought to show that Keynes had sympathies towards [[Nazism]], and a number of writers have described him as [[antisemitic]]. Keynes's private letters contain portraits and descriptions, some of which can be characterised as antisemitic, while others as [[philosemitic]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Reder |first=Melvin W. |year=2000 |title=The Anti-Semitism of Some Eminent Economists |journal=History of Political Economy |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=833–856 |doi=10.1215/00182702-32-4-833 |s2cid=153960185 |url-access= |doi-access=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Was Keynes Anti-Semitic?|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=35|issue=6 May 2000|jstor=4409262|pages=1619–1624|last1=Chandavarkar|first1=A.|year=2000}}</ref>

Scholars have suggested that these reflect clichés current at the time that he accepted uncritically, rather than any racism.<ref name="Nina Paulovicova">{{cite web | url = https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/pi/article/viewFile/1591/1117 | title = The Immoral Moral Scientist. John Maynard Keynes | publisher = University of Alberta | author = Nina Paulovicova | access-date = 14 June 2009 | archive-date = 2 May 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100502234852/http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/pi/article/viewFile/1591/1117 | url-status = live }}</ref> On several occasions Keynes used his influence to help his Jewish friends, most notably when he successfully lobbied for [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] to be allowed residency in the United Kingdom, explicitly to rescue him from being deported to [[Anschluss|Nazi-occupied Austria]]. Keynes was a supporter of [[Zionism]], serving on committees supporting the cause.<ref name="Nina Paulovicova"/>

Allegations that he was racist or had totalitarian beliefs have been rejected by [[Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky|Robert Skidelsky]] and other biographers.<ref name="Cunningham"/> Professor Gordon Fletcher wrote that "the suggestion of a link between Keynes and any support of totalitarianism cannot be sustained".<ref name="K rev. and critics"/> Once the aggressive tendencies of the Nazis towards Jews and other minorities had become apparent, Keynes made clear his loathing of Nazism. As a lifelong pacifist he had initially favoured peaceful containment of [[Nazi Germany]], yet he began to advocate a forceful resolution while many conservatives were still arguing for appeasement. After the war started, he roundly criticised the Left for losing their nerve to confront [[Adolf Hitler]], saying:{{r|2003 Skidel|p=[https://archive.org/details/johnmaynardkeyne0000skid_q4f4/page/586/mode/2up 586]}}

{{blockquote|The intelligentsia of the Left were the loudest in demanding that the Nazi aggression should be resisted at all costs. When it comes to a showdown, scarce four weeks have passed before they remember that they are pacifists and write defeatist letters to your columns, leaving the defence of freedom and civilisation to [[Colonel Blimp]] and the Old School Tie, for whom Three Cheers.}}