Editing Jiang Qing (section)

==== 1969–1971 ====
At the [[9th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party|9th National Congress]] of the Communist Party, Jiang condemned quotation songs, which had been promoted since September 1966 as mnemonic devices for the study of [[Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong|''Quotations'' ''from Chairman Mao Zedong'']].<ref name=":2323">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Andrew F. |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=Quotation Songs: Portable Media and the Maoist Pop Song}}</ref>{{Rp|page=43}} Jiang had come to view the popular tunes as akin to [[yellow music]].<ref name=":2323" />{{Rp|page=43}}

Jiang's rivalry with, and personal dislike of, [[Zhou Enlai]] led Jiang to hurt Zhou where he was most vulnerable. In 1968, Jiang had Zhou's adopted son (Sun Yang) and daughter ([[Sun Weishi]]) tortured and murdered by Red Guards. Sun Yang was murdered in the basement of [[Renmin University]]. After Sun Weishi died following seven months of torture in a [[secret prison]] (at Jiang's direction), Jiang made sure that Sun's body was cremated and disposed of so that no autopsy could be performed and Sun's family could not have her ashes. In 1968, Jiang forced Zhou to sign an arrest warrant for his own brother. In 1973 and 1974, Jiang directed the "Criticise Lin, Criticise Confucius" campaign against premier Zhou because Zhou was viewed as one of Jiang's primary political opponents. In 1975, Jiang initiated a campaign named "Criticizing Song Jiang, Evaluating the Water Margin", which encouraged the use of Zhou as an example of a political loser. After Zhou Enlai died in 1976, Jiang initiated the "Five Nos" campaign in order to discourage and prohibit any public mourning for Zhou.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Teiwes, Frederick C. |author2= Sun, Warren|title=The First Tiananmen Incident Revisited: Elite Politics and Crisis Management at the End of the Maoist Era|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=77|issue=2|year=2004|pages= 211–235 (213)|jstor=40022499}}</ref> When traditional landscape and bird-and-flower paintings re-emerged in the early 1970s, Jiang criticised these traditional forms as "[[Black Painting incident|black paintings]]",<ref name=":Minami">{{Cite book |last=Minami |first=Kazushi |title=People's Diplomacy: How Americans and Chinese Transformed US-China Relations during the Cold War |date=2024 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |isbn=9781501774157 |location=Ithaca, NY |pages=166}}</ref> which in fact targeted Zhou Enlai.{{Sfn|Terrill|1999|p=290|pp=}}