Editing Japanese grammar (section)

====Verb conjugations====
{{Main|Japanese verb conjugation}}

Conjugations of some verbs and adjectives differ from the prescribed formation rules because of euphonic changes. Nearly all of these euphonic changes are themselves regular. For verbs the exceptions are all in the ending of the continuative form of group when the following auxiliary starts with a {{transliteration|ja|t}}-sound (i.e. {{nihongo||-た|-ta}}, {{nihongo||-て|-te}}, {{nihongo||-たり|-tari}}, etc.).

{{clear}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Continuative ending !! Changes to !! Example
|-
| {{nihongo||い|i}}, {{nihongo||ち|chi}} or {{nihongo||り|ri}}
| {{lang|ja|っ}} ([[Gemination#Japanese|double consonant]], [[sokuon]], [[sokuonbin]])
| {{nihongo||＊買いて|*kaite}} → {{nihongo||買って|katte}}{{pb}}{{nihongo||＊打ちて|*uchite}} → {{nihongo||打って|utte}}{{pb}}{{nihongo||＊知りて|*shirite}} → {{nihongo||知って|shitte}}
|-
| {{nihongo||び|bi}}, {{nihongo||み|mi}} or {{nihongo||に|ni}}
| {{nihongo|syllabic {{transliteration|ja|n}}|ん}} ([[Japanese phonology#Moraic consonants|hatsuon]], [[hatsuonbin]]), with the following {{nihongo||タ|t}} sound [[consonant voicing|voiced]]
| {{nihongo||＊遊びて|*asobite}} → {{nihongo||遊んで|asonde}}{{pb}}{{nihongo||＊住みて|*sumite}} → {{nihongo||住んで|sunde}}{{pb}}{{nihongo||＊死にて|*shinite}} → {{nihongo||死んで|shinde}}
|-
| {{nihongo||き|ki}}
| {{nihongo||い|i}} ([[i-onbin]])
| {{nihongo||＊書きて|*kakite}} → {{nihongo||書いて|kaite}}
|-
| {{nihongo||ぎ|gi}}
| {{nihongo||い|i}}, with the following {{nihongo||タ|t}} sound voiced
| {{nihongo||＊泳ぎて|*oyogite}} → {{nihongo||泳いで|oyoide}}
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes impossible/ungrammatical form.

There is one other irregular change: {{nihongo3|to go|行く|iku}}, for which there is an exceptional continuative form: {{nihongo||行き|iki}} + {{nihongo||て|te}} → {{nihongo||行って|itte}}, {{nihongo||行き|iki}} + {{nihongo||た|ta}} → {{nihongo||行った|itta}}, etc.

There are dialectical differences, which are also regular and generally occur in similar situations. For example, in [[Kansai dialect]] the {{transliteration|ja|-i}} + {{transliteration|ja|t-}} conjugations are instead changed to {{transliteration|ja|-ut-}} ([[u-onbin]]), as in {{Nihongo3||思うた|omōta}} instead of {{Nihongo3||思った|omotta}}, as perfective of {{Nihongo3|think|思う|omou}}. In this example, this can combine with the preceding vowel via historical sound changes, as in {{Nihongo3||しもうた|shimōta}} ({{transliteration|ja|au}} → {{transliteration|ja|ō}}) instead of standard {{Nihongo3||しまった|shimatta}}.