Editing Italy (section)

=== Science and technology ===
{{Main|Science and technology in Italy}}
{{See also|List of Italian inventions and discoveries}}
[[File:Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|[[Galileo Galilei]], widely considered the father of modern science, physics and astronomy]]

Through the centuries, Italy has fostered a scientific community that produced major discoveries the sciences. [[Galileo Galilei]] played a major role in the [[Scientific Revolution]] and is considered the "father" of [[observational astronomy]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singer|first=C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPIgAAAAMAAJ|title=A Short History of Science to the Nineteenth Century|date=1941|publisher=Clarendon Press|page=217|access-date=22 March 2023|archive-date=2 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002213513/https://books.google.com/books?id=mPIgAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> modern physics,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Whitehouse|first=D.|url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit|title=Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science|date=2009|publisher=Sterling Publishing|isbn=978-1-4027-6977-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit/page/219 219]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Weidhorn|first=Manfred|url=https://archive.org/details/personofmillenni0000weid|title=The Person of the Millennium: The Unique Impact of Galileo on World History|date=2005|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-5953-6877-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/personofmillenni0000weid/page/155 155]}}</ref> and the [[scientific method]].<ref>''Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments'', Volume 1. Preston King. 1993. p. 59</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Disraeli|first=I.|title=Curiosities of Literature|date=1835|publisher=W. Pearson & Company|page=371}}</ref>

The [[Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso]] (LNGS) is the largest underground research centre in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso|url=https://www.lngs.infn.it/it/descrizione-generale|access-date=15 January 2018|language=it}}</ref> [[ELETTRA]], [[Eurac Research]], [[ESA Centre for Earth Observation]], [[Institute for Scientific Interchange]], [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]], [[Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation]], and the [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] conduct basic research. Trieste has the highest percentage of researchers in Europe, in relation to the population.<ref>G. Bar "Trieste, è record europeo di ricercatori: 37 ogni mille abitanti. Più della Finlandia", In: il Fatto Quotidiano, 26 April 2018.</ref> Italy was ranked 26th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2024 : Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=www.wipo.int |language=en}}</ref> There are [[technology park]]s in Italy such as the Science and Technology Parks Kilometro Rosso (Bergamo), the [[AREA Science Park]] (Trieste), The VEGA-Venice Gateway for Science and Technology (Venezia), the Toscana Life Sciences (Siena), the Technology Park of Lodi Cluster (Lodi), and the Technology Park of Navacchio (Pisa),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Science and Technology Parks in Italy|url=https://www.easst.net/science-and-technology-parks-in-italy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719154033/https://www.easst.net/science-and-technology-parks-in-italy|archive-date=19 July 2023|access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref> as well as [[science museum]]s such as the [[Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci]] in Milan.

The north–south large difference in income leads to a "digital divide".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alampi|first=Matteo|date=December 2007|title=Underdevelopment in Southern Italy: Traditional Setbacks and Modern Solutions|url=https://fisherpub.sjf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=intlstudies_masters|journal=Fisher Digital Publications|via=International Studies Masters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Di Pietro|first=Giorgio|date=June 2021|title=Changes in Italy's education-related digital divide|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecaf.12471|journal=Economic Affairs|volume=41|issue=2|pages=252–270|doi=10.1111/ecaf.12471|issn=0265-0665|s2cid=237848271}}</ref>