Editing Indigenous peoples (section)

==== North America ====
North America is sometimes referred to by Indigenous peoples as [[Abya Yala]] or [[Turtle Island (North America)|Turtle Island]].

In Mexico, about 11&nbsp;million people, or 9% of Mexico's total population, self-reported as Indigenous in 2015, making it the country with the highest Indigenous population in North America.<ref>{{cite web|title=In the 2010 census "Indigenous" people were defined as persons who live in a household where an Indigenous language is spoken by one of the adult family members or people who self identified as Indigenous ("Criteria del hogar: De esta manera, se establece, que los hogares indígenas son aquellos en donde el jefe y/o el cónyuge y/o padre o madre del jefe y/o suegro o suegra del jefe hablan una lengua indígena y también aquellos que declararon pertenecer a un grupo indígena|url=http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=272&Itemid=58|access-date=9 April 2018|website=Cdi.gob.mx|archive-date=25 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225095213/http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=272&Itemid=58|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Persons who speak an indigenous language but who do not live in such a household (Por lo antes mencionado, la Comisión Nacional Para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas de México (CDI) considera población indígena (PI) a todas las personas que forman parte de un hogar indígena, donde el jefe(a) del hogar, su cónyuge y/o alguno de los ascendientes (madre o padre, madrastra o padrastro, abuelo(a), bisabuelo(a), tatarabuelo(a), suegro(a)) declaro ser hablante de lengua indígena. Además, también incluye a personas que declararon hablar alguna lengua indígena y que no forman parte de estos hogares|url=http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=38&Itemid=54|access-date=9 April 2018|website=Cdi.gob.mx|archive-date=1 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501220616/http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=38&Itemid=54|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the southern states of [[Oaxaca]] (65.73%) and [[Yucatán (state)|Yucatán]] (65.40%), the majority of the population is Indigenous, as reported in 2015. Other states with high populations of Indigenous peoples include [[Campeche]] (44.54%), [[Quintana Roo]], (44.44%), [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]], (36.21%), [[Chiapas]] (36.15%), [[Puebla]] (35.28%), and [[Guerrero]] (33.92%).<ref name="somosprimos.com">{{cite web|title=John P. Schmal|url=http://www.somosprimos.com/schmal/schmal.htm|access-date=19 April 2016|website=Somosprimos.com|archive-date=20 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920002624/http://www.somosprimos.com/schmal/schmal.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas. México|url=http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?id_seccion=91|access-date=2013-04-22|publisher=Cdi.gob.mx|archive-date=15 November 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041115115005/http://www.cdi.gob.mx/index.php?id_seccion=91|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Indigenous peoples in Canada]] comprise the [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]],<ref name="First Nations Culture Areas Index">{{cite web
| title = Civilization.ca – Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage–Culture
| work = Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation
| publisher = Government of Canada
| date = 12 May 2006
| url = http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0170e.shtml
| access-date = 18 September 2009
| archive-date = 11 August 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110811033229/http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0170e.shtml
| url-status = live
}}</ref> [[Inuit]]<ref name="ICCcharter">{{cite web
 |title=Inuit Circumpolar Council (Canada) – ICC Charter
 |work=Inuit Circumpolar Council > ICC Charter and By-laws > ICC Charter
 |year=2007
 |url=http://inuitcircumpolar.com/index.php?auto_slide=&ID=374&Lang=En&Parent_ID=&current_slide_num=
 |access-date=18 September 2009
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305060320/http://inuitcircumpolar.com/index.php?auto_slide=&ID=374&Lang=En&Parent_ID=&current_slide_num=
 |archive-date=5 March 2010

}}
</ref> and [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]].<ref>{{cite web
 |title=In the Kawaskimhon Aboriginal Moot Court Factum of the Federal Crown Canada
 |work=Faculty of Law
 |publisher=[[University of Manitoba]]
 |year=2007
 |url=http://www.umanitoba.ca/law/newsite/kawaskimhon_factums/FINALWrittenSubmissionsofFederalCrown_windsor.pdf
 |page=2
 |access-date=18 September 2009
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043230/http://www.umanitoba.ca/law/newsite/kawaskimhon_factums/FINALWrittenSubmissionsofFederalCrown_windsor.pdf
 |archive-date=26 March 2009

}}
</ref> The descriptors "Indian" and "[[Eskimo]]" have fallen into disuse in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada |url=http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/pub/wf/trmrslt_e.asp?term=12 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071214120211/http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca:80/pr/pub/wf/trmrslt_e.asp?term=12 |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 December 2007 |publisher=Communications Branch of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada |year=2004 |access-date=26 June 2010  }}</ref><ref name="Indian">{{cite web|title=Terminology of First Nations, Native, Aboriginal and Métis |url=http://www.aidp.bc.ca/terminology_of_native_aboriginal_metis.pdf |publisher=Aboriginal Infant Development Programs of BC |year=2009 |access-date=26 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714021655/http://www.aidp.bc.ca/terminology_of_native_aboriginal_metis.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2010 }}</ref> More currently, the term "Aboriginal" is being replaced with "Indigenous". Several national organizations in Canada changed their names from "Aboriginal" to "Indigenous". Most notable was the change of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) to Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) in 2015, which then split into Indigenous Services Canada and Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Development Canada in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why we say "Indigenous" instead of "Aboriginal" |url=https://www.animikii.com/news/why-we-say-indigenous-instead-of-aboriginal |website=Indigenous Innovation |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925062840/https://www.animikii.com/news/why-we-say-indigenous-instead-of-aboriginal |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the 2016 Census, there are around 1,670,000 Indigenous people in Canada.<ref>Statistics Canada, ''[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/009/98-500-x2016009-eng.cfm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215151344/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/ref/guides/009/98-500-x2016009-eng.cfm|date=15 December 2022}}'' (table), ''Census Profile'', 2016 Census of Population, Catalogue № 98-316-X2016001 (Ottawa: 2017‑11‑29); ———, ''[https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census‑recensement/2016/ref/guides/009/98‑500‑x2016009‑eng.pdf Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212025754/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census%E2%80%91recensement/2016/ref/guides/009/98%E2%80%91500%E2%80%91x2016009%E2%80%91eng.pdf|date=12 December 2019}}'', 2016 Census of Population, Catalogue № 98‑500‑X2016009 (Ottawa: 2017‑10‑25), ISBN‑13:978‑0‑660‑05518‑3, [accessed 2019‑10‑08].</ref> There are currently over 600 recognized [[List of First Nations peoples|First Nations governments or bands]] spread across Canada, such as the Cree, Mohawk, Mikmaq, Blackfoot, Coast Salish, Innu, Dene and more, with distinctive Indigenous cultures, languages, art, and music.<ref name="one">{{cite web
 |title=Assembly of First Nations&nbsp;-&nbsp;Assembly of First Nations-The Story
 |publisher=Assembly of First Nations
 |url=http://www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=59
 |access-date=2 October 2009
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802164225/http://www.afn.ca/article.asp?id=59
 |archive-date=2 August 2009

}}
</ref><ref name="three">{{cite web
| title = Civilization.ca-Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage-object
| publisher = Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation
| date = 12 May 2006
| url = http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.shtml
| access-date = 2 October 2009
| archive-date = 4 November 2013
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131104202019/http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.shtml
| url-status = live
}}</ref> First Nations peoples signed 11 numbered treaties<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-treaties | title=Treaties with Indigenous Peoples in Canada &#124; the Canadian Encyclopedia | access-date=22 September 2020 | archive-date=22 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922140713/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-treaties | url-status=live }}</ref> across much of what is now known as Canada between 1871 and 1921, except in parts of British Columbia.

The Inuit have achieved a degree of administrative autonomy with the creation in 1999 of the territories of [[Nunavik]] (in Northern Quebec), [[Nunatsiavut]] (in Northern Labrador) and [[Nunavut]], which was until 1999 a part of the Northwest Territories. The autonomous territory of [[Greenland]] within the [[Denmark|Kingdom of Denmark]] is also home to a recognized Indigenous and majority population of Inuit (about 85%) who settled the area in the 13th century, displacing the Indigenous European [[Greenlandic Norse]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kintisch |first1=Eli |title=Why did Greenland's Vikings disappear? |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/why-did-greenland-s-vikings-disappear |access-date=29 December 2019 |work=Science {{!}} AAAS |date=10 November 2016 |archive-date=11 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111131631/https://www.science.org/content/article/why-did-greenland-s-vikings-disappear |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The World Is Changing for Greenland's Native {{sic|Inuit People|nolink=yes}} |url=https://oceanwide-expeditions.com/blog/the-world-is-changing-for-the-native-inuit-people |website=oceanwide-expeditions.com |access-date=29 December 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707090646/https://oceanwide-expeditions.com/blog/the-world-is-changing-for-the-native-inuit-people |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wade |first1=Nicholas |title=DNA Offers Clues to Greenland's First Inhabitants |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/30/science/30ancestor.html |access-date=29 December 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=30 May 2008 |archive-date=13 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213205316/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/30/science/30ancestor.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Reverse Colonialism - How the Inuit Conquered the Vikings |journal=Canadian Geographic |date=27 July 2015 |url=https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/reverse-colonialism-how-inuit-conquered-vikings |access-date=29 December 2019 |archive-date=29 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229224623/https://www.canadiangeographic.ca/article/reverse-colonialism-how-inuit-conquered-vikings |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the United States, the combined populations of Native Americans, Inuit and other Indigenous designations totaled 2,786,652 (constituting about 1.5% of 2003 U.S. census figures). Some 563 scheduled tribes are recognized at the federal level, and a number of others recognized at the state level.