Editing History of Florida (section)

===Race relations===
{{See also|Rosewood massacre|Ocoee massacre|Perry race riot}}
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After World War I, there was a rise in [[lynchings]] and other racial violence directed by whites against black people in the state, as well as across the South. It was due in part from strains of rapid social and economic changes, as well as competition for jobs, and lingering resentment resulting from the [[Reconstruction Era of the United States|Reconstruction]] after the Civil War, as well as tensions among both black and white populations created by the return of black veterans.<ref>{{cite book|last=Akers|first=Monte|title=Flames After Midnight: Murder, Vengeance, and the Desolation of a Texas Community|year=2011|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0292726338|url={{Google books|rQOs_jKyyZMC|page=151-152|plainurl=yes}}|pages=151–152}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Lois |title=Encyclopedia of the Harlem Literary Renaissance: The Essential Guide to the Lives and Works of the Harlem Renaissance Writers |year=2005 |publisher=Facts on File |isbn=978-0816049677 |url={{Google books|t910en1a7pkC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

Whites continued to resort to lynchings to keep dominance, and tensions rose. Florida led the South and the nation in lynchings per capita from 1900 to 1930.<ref>{{cite book|first = Glenda Alice |last =Rabby|title =The Pain and the Promise: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Tallahassee, Florida|location= Athens, GA|publisher= University of Georgia Press|date= 1999|isbn = 978-0820320519| page= 3|url={{Google books|zKw0ltL5VaQC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Julianne|last=Hare|title=Historic Frenchtown. Heart and Heritage in Tallahassee, Columbia, S.C.|publisher=History Press|date=2006|isbn=1596291494|page=68}}</ref>

White mobs committed massacres, accompanied by wholesale destruction of black houses, churches, and schools, in the small communities of [[Ocoee, Florida|Ocoee]], November 1920; [[Perry, Florida|Perry]] in December 1922; and [[Rosewood, Florida|Rosewood]] in January 1923. The governor appointed a special grand jury and special prosecuting attorney to investigate Rosewood and [[Levy County]], but the jury did not find sufficient evidence to prosecute. Rosewood was never resettled.

The [[Ku Klux Klan]] had several active Klaverns in Florida in the 1920s, starting in Jacksonville in late 1922. Like elsewhere in the south, Klan members terrorized African Americans, Catholics, immigrants and anyone else proclaiming racial equality. They also intimidated voters at polling locations and were direct participants in politics. For example, in the June primaries of 1922, the Klan had winning candidates for several offices throughout [[Volusia County, Florida|Volusia County]]. The three largest Klaverns in the state were in Jacksonville, Miami, and St. Petersburg.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chalmers |first1=David |title=The Ku Klux Klan in the Sunshine State: The 1920's |journal=The Florida Historical Quarterly |date=January 1964 |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=209–211 |url=http://palmm.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/ucf%3A22396 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref>

About 40,000 African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from 1910 to 1940. That was one-fifth of their population in 1900. They sought better lives, including decent-paying jobs, better education for their children, and the chance to vote and participate in political life — escaping segregation, lynchings, and civil rights suppression. Many were recruited for jobs with the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]].<ref name=rosewood>{{cite web|url=http://mailer.fsu.edu/~mjones/rosewood/rosewood.html|title=Documented History of the Incident Which Occurred at Rosewood, Florida, in January 1923|date=December 22, 1993|publisher=Florida State University|page=5|access-date=March 28, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515152951/http://mailer.fsu.edu/~mjones/rosewood/rosewood.html |archive-date=May 15, 2008}}</ref>