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=== Russian Orthodoxy === The [[Church reform of Peter the Great|church reform of Peter I of Russia]] in the early 1700s placed the Orthodox authorities under the control of the [[Emperor of Russia|emperor]]. Russian emperors continually involved the church in campaigns of [[russification]], contributing to antisemitism.{{sfn|Shlikhta|2004|pp=361β273}}{{sfn|Klier|Lambroza|2004|p=306}} The [[Bolsheviks|communist revolutionaries]] who established the [[Soviet Union]] saw the Church as an [[enemy of the people]] and part of the monarchy.{{sfn|Bouteneff|1998|pp=viβ1}}{{sfn|Sullivan|2006}}{{sfn|Calciu-Dumitreasa|1983|pp=5β8}}{{sfn|Eidintas|2001|p=23}} The communist Soviet Union heavily persecuted the [[Russian Orthodox Church]],{{sfn|Kenworthy|2008|p=178}} executing up to 8,000 people by 1922.{{sfn|Pipes|1995|p=356}} The [[League of Militant Atheists]] adopted a five-year plan in 1932 "aimed at the total eradication of religion by 1937".{{sfn|Walters|2005|p=15}} Despite this, the Orthodox Church continued to contribute to theology and culture.{{sfn|Kenworthy|2008|pp=177β178}}
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