Editing Hijab (section)

===Unofficial pressure against wearing the hijab===
In recent years, women wearing the hijab have been subjected to verbal and physical attacks worldwide, particularly following terrorist attacks.<ref>{{cite book|author=Basia Spalek|title=Muslim women's safety talk and their experience of victimisation|volume=Islam, Crime and Criminal Justice|editor=Basia Spalek|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dEa4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64|pages=63–64|isbn=9781134032839}}</ref><ref name="Cainkar">{{cite book|author=Louis A. Cainkar|title=Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P75WAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA244|publisher=Russell Sage Foundation|year=2009|pages=244–245|isbn=9781610447683}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I'm Frightened': After Attacks in Paris, New York Muslims Cope With a Backlash|author=Kirk Semple|newspaper=New York Times|date=25 November 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/26/nyregion/im-frightened-after-paris-terrorist-attacks-new-york-city-muslims-cope-with-a-backlash.html|access-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205233303/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/26/nyregion/im-frightened-after-paris-terrorist-attacks-new-york-city-muslims-cope-with-a-backlash.html|archive-date=5 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Louis A. Cainkar writes that the data suggest that women in hijab rather than men are the predominant target of anti-Muslim attacks, not because they are more easily identifiable as Muslims, but because they are seen to represent a threat to the local moral order that the attackers are seeking to defend.<ref name=Cainkar/> Some women stop wearing the hijab out of fear or following perceived pressure from their acquaintances, but many refuse to stop wearing it out of religious conviction, even when they are urged to do so for self-protection.<ref name=Cainkar/>

[[Kazakhstan]] has no official ban on wearing the hijab, but those who wear it have reported that authorities use a number of tactics to discriminate against them.<ref>{{cite news|author=Farangis Najibullah|title=Hijab Now A Hot Topic In Kazakhstan|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=20 March 2011|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/islamic_hejab_head_scarf_hot_topic_kazakhstan/2344233.html|access-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920123142/http://www.rferl.org/content/islamic_hejab_head_scarf_hot_topic_kazakhstan/2344233.html|archive-date=20 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, authorities in [[Uzbekistan]] organized a "deveiling" campaign in the capital city [[Tashkent]], during which women wearing the hijab were detained and taken to a police station. Those who agreed to remove their hijab were released "after a conversation", while those who refused were transferred to the counterterrorism department and given a lecture. Their husbands or fathers were then summoned to convince the women to obey the police. This followed an earlier campaign in the [[Fergana Valley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Bruce Pannier, Farruh Yusupov|title='Deveiling' Drive Moves To Uzbekistan's Capital|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=14 June 2015|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/uzbekistan-deveiling-drive-hijab/27070345.html|access-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920123512/http://www.rferl.org/content/uzbekistan-deveiling-drive-hijab/27070345.html|archive-date=20 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the election of [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]] as President of Uzbekistan in December 2016, Muslims were given the opportunity to openly express their religious identity, which manifested itself in the wider spread of hijabs in Uzbekistan. In July 2021, the state allowed the wearing of the hijab in public places.<ref>Malikov A. and Djuraeva D. 2021. Women, Islam, and politics in Samarkand (1991–2021), International Journal of Modern Anthropology. 2 (16): 563. DOI: 10.4314/ijma.v2i16.2</ref>

In [[Kyrgyzstan]] in 2016, the government sponsored street banners aiming to dissuade women from wearing the hijab.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|title=Kyrgyzstan president: 'Women in mini skirts don't become suicide bombers'|date=13 August 2016|author=BBC Trending|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-36846249|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025174249/http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-36846249|archive-date=25 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>