Editing Green Revolution (section)

==Second Green Revolution==
{{main|Second Green Revolution}}
Although the Green Revolution has been able to improve agricultural output briefly in some regions in the world, its yield rates have been declining, while its social and environmental costs become more clearly apparent. As a result, many organizations continue to invent new ways to rectify, significantly augment or replace the techniques already used in the Green Revolution. Frequently quoted inventions are the [[System of Rice Intensification]],<ref>Norman Uphoff for SciDevNet 16 October 2013 [http://www.scidev.net/global/food-security/opinion/new-approaches-are-needed-for-another-green-revolution.html New approaches are needed for another Green Revolution]</ref> [[marker-assisted selection]],<ref>Tom Chivers for ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Last updated: 31 January 2012 [https://web.archive.org/web/20120203094914/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/tomchiversscience/100133700/the-new-green-revolution-that-will-feed-the-world/ The new green revolution that will feed the world],</ref> [[agroecology]],<ref>Olivier De Schutter, Gaëtan Vanloqueren. [http://thesolutionsjournal.org/node/971 The New Green Revolution: How Twenty-First-Century Science Can Feed the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022014941/http://thesolutionsjournal.org/node/971 |date=22 October 2016}} Solutions 2(4):33–44. Aug 2011</ref> and applying existing technologies to agricultural problems of the developing world.<ref>FAO [http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0262e/x0262e06.htm Towards a New Green Revolution], in Report from the World Food Summit: Food for All. Rome 13–17 November 1996</ref> It is projected that global populations by 2050 will increase by one-third and as such will require a 70% increase in the production of food, which can be achieved with the right policies and investments.<ref>{{cite web|title= How to Feed the World in 2050|url=http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050.pdf|website=FOA|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization|access-date=21 May 2018}}</ref> 

=== Evergreen Revolution ===
The term 'Evergreen Revolution'{{Efn|Not to be confused with evergreen agriculture, that can be explained as growing trees with agricultural crops.}} was coined by Indian agricultural scientist [[M. S. Swaminathan]] in 1990, though he has stated that the concept dates back to as early as 1968. It aims to represent an added dimension to the original concepts and practices of the green revolution, the ecological dimension.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|last=Swaminathan|first=M. S.|date=2006|title=An Evergreen Revolution|journal=Crop Science|volume=46|issue=5|pages=2293–2303|doi=10.2135/cropsci2006.9999}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2008-05-12|title=Talking about an 'evergreen revolution'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/12/business/worldbusiness/12iht-FOOD.1.12799127.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=2021-12-04 }}</ref> Swaminathan has described it as "productivity in perpetuity without associated ecological harm".<ref name=":03"/> The concept has evolved into a combination of science, economics, and sociology.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Powell|first=Alvin|date=15 March 2001|title='Evergreen Revolution' called for|work=The Harvard Gazette|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2001/03/evergreen-revolution-called-for/|access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Moser|first=Dan|date=11 October 2011|others=IANR News Service|title=Swaminathan: Time to Shift from Green to Evergreen Revolution. Inaugural Heuermann Lecturer Challenges Today's Farmers.|url=https://cropwatch.unl.edu/swaminathan-time-shift-green-evergreen-revolution|access-date=2 December 2021|website=CropWatch}}</ref> In 2002, American biologist [[E. O. Wilson|E.O. Wilson]] observed that:<ref name=":03"/> {{Emphasis added}}

{{Blockquote|text=The problem before us is how to feed billions of new mouths over the next several decades and save the rest of life at the same time, without being trapped in a [[Faustian bargain]] that threatens freedom and security. No one knows the exact solution to this dilemma. The benefit must come from an '''Evergreen Revolution'''. The aim of this new thrust is to lift food production well above the level obtained by the Green Revolution of the 1960s, using technology and regulatory policy more advanced and even safer than those now in existence.|author=E.O. Wilson}}However, despite Swaminathan's prominent role in India's adoption of Green Revolution agriculture, the 'Evergreen' concept largely reflects the failures of the original project.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-17 |title=Swaminathan: Time to Shift from Green to Evergreen Revolution |url=https://cropwatch.unl.edu/swaminathan-time-shift-green-evergreen-revolution |access-date=2023-08-06 |website=CropWatch |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kesavan |first1=P. C. |last2=Malarvannan |first2=S. |date=2010 |title=Green to evergreen revolution: ecological and evolutionary perspectives in pest management |journal=Current Science |volume=99 |issue=7 |pages=908–914 |jstor=24066067 }}</ref> Although a relatively lesser known term, its substance largely reflects the consensus positions outlined in recent IPCC and other synthetic reports.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kesavan |first1=P. C. |last2=Malarvannan |first2=S. |date=2010 |title=Green to evergreen revolution: ecological and evolutionary perspectives in pest management |journal=Current Science |volume=99 |issue=7 |pages=908–914 |jstor=24066067 }}</ref><ref name=":8" />