Editing Gilbert and Sullivan (section)

===Cultural influence===
[[Image:Detail from Design for an Aesthetic theatrical poster.png|thumb|upright|Detail from a ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]'' cartoon, showing Sullivan and Gilbert.]]
{{Main|Cultural impact of Gilbert and Sullivan}}
For nearly 150 years, Gilbert and Sullivan have pervasively influenced popular culture in the English-speaking world,<ref>Bradley (2005), Chapter 1.</ref> and lines and quotations from their operas have become part of the English language (even if not originated by Gilbert), such as "[[short, sharp shock]]", "What never? Well, hardly ever!", "let the punishment fit the crime", and "A policeman's lot is not a happy one".<ref name=Lawrence1/><ref name="Green">Green, Edward. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/3634126.stm "Ballads, songs, and speeches"] (sic).<!--Please do not correct the punctuation in this article title. It is wrong at the BBC, indicated by sic, and if the article link goes dead, the correct title is needed, including the error--> BBC, 20 September 2004, accessed 21 May 2007</ref> The operas have influenced political style and discourse, literature, film and television, have been widely parodied by humorists, and have been quoted in legal rulings.<ref>References to Gilbert and Sullivan have appeared in the following [[U.S. Supreme Court]] rulings, for example, ''Allied Chemical Corp. v. Daiflon, Inc.'', 449 U.S. 33, 36 (1980) ("What never? Well, hardly ever!"); and ''Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia'', 448 U.S. 555, 604 (1980) (dissent of Justice Rehnquist, quoting the Lord Chancellor).</ref>

The American and British musical owes a tremendous debt to G&S,<ref>Jones, J. Bush. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WqQH31qkYNoC&dq=Bordman+pinafore&pg=PA4 ''Our Musicals, Ourselves''], pp. 10–11, 2003, Brandeis University Press: Lebanon, N.H. (2003) 1584653116</ref><ref>Bargainnier, Earl F. "W. S. Gilbert and American Musical Theatre", pp. 120–33, ''American Popular Music: Readings from the Popular Press'' by Timothy E. Scheurer, Popular Press, 1989 {{ISBN|978-0-87972-466-5}}</ref> who were admired and copied by early musical theatre authors and composers such as [[Ivan Caryll]], [[Adrian Ross]], [[Lionel Monckton]], [[P. G. Wodehouse]],<ref>[http://books.guardian.co.uk/authors/author/0,,-248,00.html PG Wodehouse (1881–1975)], The Guardian, accessed 21 May 2007</ref><ref>Robinson, Arthur. [http://home.lagrange.edu/arobinson/wodehousegilbert.htm "List of allusions to G&S in Wodehouse"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209093909/http://home.lagrange.edu/arobinson/wodehousegilbert.htm |date=9 December 2008 }}, Home.lagrange.edu, accessed 27 May 2009</ref> [[Guy Bolton]] and [[Victor Herbert]], and later [[Jerome Kern]], [[Ira Gershwin]], [[Yip Harburg]],<ref>Meyerson, Harold and Ernest Harburg ''Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz?: Yip Harburg, Lyricist'', pp. 15–17 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993, 1st paperback edition 1995)</ref> [[Irving Berlin]], [[Ivor Novello]], [[Oscar Hammerstein II]], and [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]].<ref>[[Ian Bradley|Bradley]] (2005), p. 9</ref> Gilbert's lyrics served as a model for such 20th-century Broadway lyricists as [[Cole Porter]],<ref>Millstein, Gilbert. [http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/98/11/29/specials/porter-words.html "Words Anent Music by Cole Porter"], ''The New York Times'', 20 February 1955; and [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/education/lesson35_procedures.html "Lesson 35 – Cole Porter: You're the Top"], PBS.org, American Masters for Teachers, accessed 21 May 2007</ref> [[Ira Gershwin]],<ref>Furia, Philip. [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/ira-gershwin-9780195115703 ''Ira Gershwin: The Art of a Lyricist''], Oxford University Press, accessed 21 May 2007</ref> and [[Lorenz Hart]].<ref name=PeterDowns /> [[Noël Coward]] wrote: "I was born into a generation that still took light music seriously. The lyrics and melodies of Gilbert and Sullivan were hummed and strummed into my consciousness at an early age. My father sang them, my mother played them, my nurse, Emma, breathed them through her teeth.... My aunts and uncles... sang them singly and in unison at the slightest provocation...."<ref>Introduction to ''The Noel Coward Song Book'', (London: Methuen, 1953), p. 9</ref>

Professor Carolyn Williams has noted: "The influence of Gilbert and Sullivan – their wit and sense of irony, the send ups of politics and contemporary culture – goes beyond musical theater to comedy in general. Allusions to their work have made their way into our own popular culture".<ref>Schwab, Michael. [http://news.rutgers.edu/focus/issue.2012-02-29.4815209454/article.2012-03-26.5390961501 "Why Gilbert and Sullivan Still Matter"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902180148/http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/miscderv.htm |date=2 September 2006}}, ''Rutgers Today'', 26 March 2012</ref> Gilbert and Sullivan expert and enthusiast [[Ian Bradley]] agrees:

{{quote|The musical is not, of course, the only cultural form to show the influence of G&S. Even more direct heirs are those witty and satirical songwriters found on both sides of the Atlantic in the twentieth century like [[Michael Flanders]] and [[Donald Swann]] in the United Kingdom and [[Tom Lehrer]] in the United States. The influence of Gilbert is discernible in a vein of British comedy that runs through [[John Betjeman]]'s verse via [[Monty Python]] and [[Private Eye (magazine)|Private Eye]] to... television series like ''[[Yes Minister]]''... where the emphasis is on wit, irony, and poking fun at the establishment from within it in a way which manages to be both disrespectful of authority and yet cosily comfortable and urbane.<ref name=JoyRapture/>}}

The works of Gilbert and Sullivan are themselves frequently pastiched and parodied.<ref>Shepherd, Marc. [http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/miscderv.htm "List of links to reviews and analysis of recordings of G&S parodies"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902180148/http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/gasdisc/miscderv.htm |date=2 September 2006}}, Gilbert and Sullivan Discography, accessed 27 May 2009</ref>{{refn|Bradley (2005) devotes an entire chapter (chapter 8) to parodies and pastiches of G&S used in advertising, comedy and journalism.|group=n}} Well known examples of this include [[Tom Lehrer]]'s ''[[The Elements (song)|The Elements]]'' and ''Clementine'';<ref>Shepherd, Marc. [http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/mdlehrer.htm Review and analysis of Lehrer's G&S parodies] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012064103/http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/gasdisc/mdlehrer.htm |date=12 October 2007}} Gilbert and Sullivan Discography, accessed 27 May 2009</ref> [[Allan Sherman]]'s ''I'm Called Little Butterball'', ''When I Was a Lad'', ''You Need an Analyst'' and ''The Bronx Bird-Watcher'';<ref>Sherman, Allan. ''[[My Son, the Celebrity]]'' (1963).</ref><ref>Sherman, Allan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081007091114/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/sherman_allan/albums.jhtml?albumId=696185 Track listing] from ''[[Allan in Wonderland]]'' (1964).</ref> and [[The Two Ronnies]]' 1973 Christmas Special.<ref>[https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B000VA3J6G "The Two Ronnies' 1973 Christmas special", Amazon.co.uk, accessed 27 May 2009]</ref> Other comedians have used Gilbert and Sullivan songs as a key part of their routines, including [[Hinge and Bracket]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A759611 "Dame Hilda Brackett and Dr Evadne Hinge"]. BBC h2g2 guide, 17 July 2002, accessed 29 November 2010</ref> [[Anna Russell]],<ref>Shepherd, Marc. [http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/mdanna.htm Review and analysis of Anna Russell's G&S parody] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025195749/http://www.cris.com/~oakapple/gasdisc/mdanna.htm |date=25 October 2006}}, ''Gilbert and Sullivan Discography'', accessed 27 May 2009</ref> and the ''HMS Yakko'' episode of the animated TV series ''[[Animaniacs]]''. Songs from Gilbert and Sullivan are often pastiched in advertising, and elaborate advertising parodies have been published, as have the likenesses of various Gilbert and Sullivan performers throughout the decades.{{refn|For example, in 1961 [[Guinness]] published an entire book of parodies of Gilbert and Sullivan lyrics, illustrated with cartoons, to advertise Guinness [[stout]]. The book, by Anthony Groves-Raines with illustrations by Stanley Penn is called ''My Goodness! My Gilbert and Sullivan!''  Numerous examples of advertising uses of Gilbert and Sullivan and the best-known Gilbert and Sullivan performers (likenesses, often in costume, or endorsements) are described in Cannon, John. "Gilbert and Sullivan Celebrities in the World of Advertising", ''Gilbert & Sullivan News'', pp. 10–14, Vol. IV, No. 13, Spring 2011.|group=n}} Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas are [[Cultural influence of Gilbert and Sullivan|commonly referenced]] in literature, film and television in various ways that include extensive use of Sullivan's music or where action occurs during a performance of a Gilbert and Sullivan opera, such as in the film ''[[The Girl Said No (1937 film)|The Girl Said No]]''.<ref>[http://www.allmovie.com/movie/v19807 "''The Girl Said No'' (1937)"], Allmovie.com, accessed 27 September 2015</ref> There are also a number of Gilbert and Sullivan biographical films, such as [[Mike Leigh]]'s ''[[Topsy-Turvy]]'' (1999) and ''[[The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan]]'' (1953), as well as shows about the partnership, including a 1938 Broadway show, ''Knights of Song''<ref>[http://www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=11585 "Knights of Song"] at the IBDB database</ref> and a 1975 West End show called ''Tarantara! Tarantara!''<ref>Lewis, David. [http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_t/tarantara.htm "Tarantara! Tarantara!"] at ''The Guide to Musical Theatre'', accessed 20 November 2009.</ref><ref>See also ''[[Sullivan and Gilbert]]'' for an example of an off-Broadway show about the Gilbert and Sullivan partnership.</ref>

It is not surprising, given the focus of Gilbert on politics, that politicians and political observers have often found inspiration in these works. [[Chief Justice of the United States]] [[William Rehnquist]] added gold stripes to his judicial robes after seeing them used by the [[Lord Chancellor]] in a production of ''Iolanthe''.<ref>Borsuk, Alan J. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080628184625/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=353263 "Sporting Stripes Set Rehnquist apart"], ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]'', 4 September 2005, accessed 21 August 2012</ref> Alternatively, [[Charles Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton|Lord Chancellor Charles Falconer]] is recorded as objecting so strongly to ''Iolanthe'''s comic portrayal of Lord Chancellors that he supported moves to disband the office.<ref name="Green" /> British politicians, beyond quoting some of the more famous lines, have delivered speeches in the form of Gilbert and Sullivan pastiches. These include Conservative [[Peter Lilley]]'s speech mimicking the form of "I've got a little list" from ''The Mikado'', listing those he was against, including "sponging socialists" and "young ladies who get pregnant just to jump the housing queue".<ref name="Green" />