Editing Galileo (satellite navigation) (section)

=== In-Orbit Validation (IOV) satellites ===
These testbed satellites were followed by four IOV Galileo satellites that are much closer to the final Galileo satellite design. The [[search and rescue]] (SAR) feature is also installed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2014 |title=Galileo IOV Satellites |url=http://navipedia.net/index.php?title=Galileo_IOV_Satellites&oldid=13446 |access-date=1 May 2015 |website=Navipedia}}</ref> The first two satellites were launched on 21 October 2011 from [[Guiana Space Centre|Centre Spatial Guyanais]] using a [[Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre|Soyuz]] launcher,<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 August 2014 |title=Europe launches two navigation satellites |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/428216/europe-launches-two-navigation-satellites |access-date=14 July 2021 |newspaper=Bangkok Post}} 29 October 2011.</ref> the other two on 12 October 2012.<ref name="BBC19933989">{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19933989|title=Galileo: Europe's version of GPS reaches key phase|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=12 October 2012|access-date=12 October 2012}}</ref> This enables key validation tests, since earth-based receivers such as those in cars and phones need to "see" a minimum of four satellites in order to calculate their position in three dimensions.<ref name="BBC19933989"/> Those 4 IOV Galileo satellites were constructed by [[Astrium|Astrium GmbH]] and [[Thales Alenia Space]]. On 12 March 2013, a first fix was performed using those four IOV satellites.<ref>{{cite web|last=|date=12 March 2013|title=Galileo fixes Europe's position in history|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/Galileo_fixes_Europe_s_position_in_history|website=European Space Agency (esa.int)}}</ref> Once this In-Orbit Validation (IOV) phase has been completed, the remaining satellites will be installed to reach the Full Operational Capability.