Editing First Opium War (section)

== Aftermath ==
The war ended in the signing of China's first [[unequal treaty]], the [[Treaty of Nanking]].<ref name="Greenwood" />{{page needed|date=September 2021}}<ref name="Hbs-2017" /> In the supplementary [[Treaty of the Bogue]], the Qing empire also recognised Britain as an equal to China and gave British subjects [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorial]] privileges in treaty ports. In 1844, the United States and France concluded similar treaties with China, the [[Treaty of Wanghia]] and [[Treaty of Whampoa]], respectively.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&searchArg=12033773&searchType=1&permalink=y |title=Treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, between the United States of America and the Chinese Empire |date=21 July 1846 |publisher=s.n |via=catalog.loc.gov Library Catalog}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=primary source and no page number|date=February 2022}}

In addition to opening China to European opium traders, the European trade in captive Chinese [[coolie]] labor boomed.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Driscoll |first=Mark W. |title=The Whites are Enemies of Heaven: Climate Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection |year=2020 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-1-4780-1121-7 |location=Durham, NC}}</ref>{{Rp|page=5}} Anglophone capitalists referred to this trade collectively as "poison and pigs."<ref name=":6" />{{Rp|page=5}}

China was required to permit foreign missionaries and the unequal treaties gave European powers jurisdiction over missions and some authority over Chinese Christians.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Moody |first=Peter |title=The Taiwan Question in Xi Jinping's Era: Beijing's Evolving Taiwan Policy and Taiwan's Internal and External Dynamics |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2024 |isbn=9781032861661 |editor-last=Zhao |editor-first=Suisheng |editor-link=Suisheng Zhao |location=London and New York |chapter=The Vatican and Taiwan: An Anomalous Diplomatic Relationship}}</ref>{{Rp|page=182}}