Editing Euroscepticism (section)

===France===
{{See also|Frexit}}
[[File:Le_Pen,_Marine-9586.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Marine Le Pen]], prominent French MEP, former leader and former presidential candidate of the [[National Front (France)]] and of the [[Europe of Nations and Freedom]] group]]

In France there are multiple parties that are Eurosceptic to different degrees, varying from advocating less EU intervention in national affairs, to advocating outright withdrawal from the EU and the Eurozone. These parties belong to all sides of the political spectrum, so the reasons for their Euroscepticism may differ. In the past many French people appeared to be uninterested in such matters, with only 40% of the French electorate voting in the [[2009 European Parliament election in France|2009 European Parliament elections]].<ref>{{cite news| language = fr | url= http://www.lemonde.fr/elections-europeennes/article/2009/06/07/europeennes-l-ump-en-tete-le-ps-en-fort-recul_1203615_1168667.html| title = Européenes : l'UMP en tête, le PS en fort recul |work=Le Monde|date=7 June 2010|access-date=12 February 2010}}</ref>

Right-wing Eurosceptic parties include the [[Gaullism|Gaullist]] [[Arise the Republic|''Debout la République'']], and ''[[Mouvement pour la France]]'', which was part of [[Libertas.eu|Libertas]], a pan-European Eurosceptic party.<ref>{{cite web |language= fr |url= http://www.eurosduvillage.eu/Europeennes-la-dynamique-inedite,2709.html |title= Européenes : la dynamique inédite du eurosceptcism |publisher= Euros du village |date= 29 April 2010 |access-date= 12 February 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101116045426/http://www.eurosduvillage.eu/Europeennes-la-dynamique-inedite,2709.html |archive-date= 16 November 2010 |url-status= dead }}</ref> In the [[2009 European Parliament election in France|2009 European Parliament elections]], Debout la République received 1.8% of the national vote, and Libertas 4.8%. In a similar way to some moderate parties, the French right and far-right in general are naturally opposed to the EU, as they criticise France's loss of political and economic sovereignty to a [[Supranational union|supranational]] entity. Some of these hard Eurosceptic parties include the [[Popular Republican Union (2007)|Popular Republican Union]] and [[The Patriots (France)|The Patriots]] and formerly the [[National Front (France)|Front National]] (FN).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontnational.com/?page_id=1185|title=Europe|language=fr|publisher=Front National|access-date=12 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013135820/http://www.frontnational.com/?page_id=1185 |archive-date=13 October 2009}}</ref> Popular Republican Union seek France's withdrawal from the EU and the euro as well as France's withdrawal from NATO. The FN received 33.9% of the votes in the [[2017 French presidential election]], making it the largest Eurosceptic party in France. In June 2018, the National Front was renamed as National Rally (RN) and in 2019 dropped support for France leaving the European Union and the Eurozone from its manifesto, instead calling for "reform from within" the union.<ref>{{cite web|title=Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/01/16/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php|website=lefigaro.fr|date=16 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/retreating-eurosceptics-now-settle-for-reforms-from-within/|title = Retreating Eurosceptics now settle for 'reforms from within'|date = 6 November 2019}}</ref>

Eurosceptic parties on the left in France tend to criticise what they see as the [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] agenda of the EU, as well as the elements of its structure which are undemocratic and seen as top-down. These parties include the [[Left Party (France)|''Parti de Gauche'']] and the [[French Communist Party]], which formed the [[Left Front (France)|''Front de Gauche'']] for the 2009 European Parliament elections and received 6.3% of the votes. The leader of the [[Left Front (France)|Left Front]] defends a complete reform of the Monetary Union, rather than the withdrawal of France from the [[Eurozone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jean-luc-melenchon.fr/arguments/resolution-du-parti-de-gauche-sur-l%E2%80%99euro/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608142827/http://www.jean-luc-melenchon.fr/arguments/resolution-du-parti-de-gauche-sur-l%E2%80%99euro/|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 June 2011|title=Résolution du Parti de Gauche sur l'euro|publisher=Worldpress – Politique à Gauche|date=10 April 2011|access-date=29 July 2015|language=fr}}</ref> Some of the major far-left Eurosceptic parties in France include the [[New Anticapitalist Party]]<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|url=http://www.npa2009.org/content/leur-europe-nest-pas-la-n%C3%B4tre|title=Leur Europe n'est pas la nôtre !|publisher=NPA|date=19 May 2010|access-date=12 February 2010|archive-date=24 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524043258/http://www.npa2009.org/content/leur-europe-nest-pas-la-n%C3%B4tre|url-status=dead}}</ref> which received 4.8% and [[Workers' Struggle|Lutte Ouvrière]]<ref>{{cite web | language = fr | url = http://www.lutte-ouvriere.org/qui-sommes-nous/nos-idees/article/l-europe | title = L'Europe | publisher = Lutte Ouvrière | access-date = 12 February 2010 | archive-date = 8 October 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091008130826/http://www.lutte-ouvriere.org/qui-sommes-nous/nos-idees/article/l-europe | url-status = dead }}</ref> which received 1.2%. The [[Citizen and Republican Movement]], a left-wing Eurosceptic and [[Souverainism|souverainist]] party, have not participated in any elections for the European Parliament.

The party [[Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition|''Chasse, Pêche, Nature & Traditions'']], is an [[Agrarianism|agrarianist]] Eurosceptic party that says it is neither left nor right.

In the [[2014 European Parliament election in France|European Parliament election, 2014]], the [[National Front (France)|National Front]] won the elections with 24.9% of the vote, a swing of 18.6%, winning 24 seats, up from 3 previously. The former French President [[François Hollande]] had called for the EU to be reformed and for a scaling back of its power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27579235 |title=EU election: France's Hollande calls for reform of 'remote' EU |publisher=BBC |date=27 May 2014 |access-date=28 January 2015}}</ref>

In the [[2019 European Parliament election in France|European Parliament election, 2019]], the renamed [[National Rally (France)|National Rally]] won the elections with 23.3% of the vote, winning 22 seats, down from 23 previously when their vote share was 24.9%.