Editing Entertainment (section)

=== Fairs, expositions, shopping ===
{{Main|Fair|World's fair}}
[[Fair]]s and exhibitions have existed since ancient and medieval times, displaying wealth, innovations and objects for trade and offering specific entertainments as well as being places of entertainment in themselves.<ref name=Wilson>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Robert|title=Great Exhibitions: The World Fairs 1851–1937|year=2007|publisher=National Gallery of Victoria|isbn=978-0-7241-0284-6|pages=10–11}}</ref> Whether in a medieval market or a small shop, "shopping always offered forms of exhilaration that took one away from the everyday".<ref name=Moss>{{cite book|last=Moss|first=Mark Howard|title=Shopping as an Entertainment Experience|year=2007|publisher=Lexington Books|location=Lanham, Maryland; Plymouth, UK|page=3|isbn=978-0-7391-1680-7}}</ref> However, in the modern world, "merchandising has become entertainment: spinning signs, flashing signs, thumping music&nbsp;... video screens, interactive computer kiosks, day care .. cafés".<ref name=Moss />

By the 19th century, "expos" that encouraged arts, manufactures and commerce had become international. They were not only hugely popular but affected international ideas. For example, the [[Exposition Universelle (1878)|1878 Paris Exposition]] facilitated international cooperation about ideas, innovations and standards. From London 1851 to Paris 1900, "in excess of 200 million visitors had entered the turnstiles in London, Paris, Vienna, Philadelphia, Chicago and a myriad of smaller shows around the world."<ref name=Wilson /><ref>{{cite web|title=World's Colombian Exposition of 1893|url=http://columbus.gl.iit.edu/|publisher=Chicago Illinois Institute of Technology|access-date=15 November 2012|archive-date=10 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110033144/http://columbus.gl.iit.edu/|url-status=live}}</ref> Since [[World War II]] "well over 500&nbsp;million visits have been recorded through world expo turnstiles".<ref name=Boisseau>{{cite book|title=Gendering the Fair: Histories of Women and Gender at World's Fairs|year=2010|publisher=University of Illinois|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-252-03558-6|author1=Rydell, Robert |author2=Boisseau, T.J. |author3=Markwyn, Abigail M. |author4=Rydell, Robert W. |editor=Boisseau, T.J.|page=viii}}</ref> As a form of spectacle and entertainment, expositions influenced "everything from architecture, to patterns of globalisation, to fundamental matters of human identity"<ref name=Boisseau /> and in the process established the close relationship between "fairs, the rise of department stores and art museums",<ref>{{cite book|last=Rydell|first=Robert W.|title=World of Fairs: The Century-of-Progress Expositions|year=1993|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0-226-73236-7|page=15}}</ref> the modern world of mass consumption and the entertainment industry.

<gallery class="center" caption="Entertainment in expositions and shops" widths="180" heights="150">
File:Paris 1889 plakat.jpg|Advertisement for 1889 Paris Universal Exposition
File:Qatar's Pavillion at the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai.jpg|Audience queuing for Qatar's World Exposition Pavilion at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo
File:Ballpit.jpg|[[Ball pit]] of the type provided for children's entertainment in shopping malls
</gallery>