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==Bibliography== ===Primary sources=== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |author=[[Lucius Cassius Dio]] |year=1927 |orig-year={{circa}} 230 |title=Roman History |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=Portsmouth, New Hampshire|edition=[[Loeb Classical Library]] |series=Books 79–80|language=en |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html |ref={{sfnRef|Dio}} |access-date=14 November 2020 |archive-date=4 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404013041/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |author=[[Herodian]]|year=1961 |orig-year={{circa}} 240 |title=Roman History |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |location=Berkeley, California|language=en |translator=Edward C. Echols |series=Book 5|url=https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#Herodian_Roman_Histories|ref={{sfnRef|Herodian}} |access-date=24 August 2019 |archive-date=29 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229010221/https://www.livius.org/sources/content/herodian-s-roman-history/ |url-status=live }} Published on Livius.org in 2007 * ''[[Historia Augusta]]'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Elagabalus/1*.html The Life of Elagabalus Part 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404013042/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Elagabalus/1%2A.html |date=4 April 2021 }} and [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Elagabalus/2*.html 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404013046/https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Elagabalus/2%2A.html |date=4 April 2021 }}, Latin text with English translation. {{refend}} ===Secondary material=== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last=Arrizabalaga y Prado |first=Leonardo de |title=The Emperor Elagabulus: Fact or Fiction? |year=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-89555-2 |ref={{sfnRef|Arrizabalaga|2010}} }} * Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de. [http://www.cambridge.org/gb/download_file/202595/ "Pseudo-Eunuchs in the Court of Elagabalus: The Riddle of Gannys, Eutychianus, and Comazon"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404013038/https://www.cambridge.org/gb/files/7113/6689/9908/8871_Pseudo-eunuchs_in_the_court_of_Elagabalus.pdf |date=4 April 2021 }}, ''Collected Papers in Honour of the Ninety-Fifth Anniversary of Ueno Gakuen'', Tokyo, 1999, pp. 117–141. * Arrizabalaga y Prado, Leonardo de. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130309063829/http://www.couperusmuseum.org/varian/01_papers.html "Varian Studies: a Definition of the Subject"], opening address to the Varian Symposium, [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], 30–31 July 2005. * {{cite book |last=Ball |first=Warwick |author-link=Warwick Ball |year=2000 |title=Rome in the East |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames |isbn=978-0-415-11376-2 |url={{googlebooks|8Q2XxXx5ZdsC |plainurl=y}} }} * {{cite book |last=Ball |first=Warwick |author-link=Warwick Ball |year=2016 |title=Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames|isbn=978-0-415-71777-9}} * {{cite book |last=Birley |first=Anthony R. |year=2002 |title=Septimius Severus: The African Emperor |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames|isbn=978-1-138-13416-4 |oclc=1062302222 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |editor-last1=Bowman |editor-first1=Alan |editor-last2=Cameron |editor-first2=Averil |editor-last3=Garnsey |editor-first3=Peter |year=2005 |title=The Cambridge Ancient History |volume=12. The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337 |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, England |url={{googlebooks|MNSyT_PuYVMC |plainurl=y}} }} * {{cite book |last=Burns |first=Jasper |year=2006 |title=Great Women of Imperial Rome: Mothers and Wives of the Caesars |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames |isbn=978-1-134-13184-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hL99AgAAQBAJ |access-date=20 December 2021 |archive-date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429004508/https://books.google.com/books?id=hL99AgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor-last1=Campanile |editor-first1=Domitilla |editor-last2=Carlà-Uhink |editor-first2=Filippo |editor-last3=Facella |editor-first3=Margherita |year=2017 |title=TransAntiquity: Cross-Dressing and Transgender Dynamics in the Ancient World |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames |isbn=978-1-317-37737-5 |url={{googlebooks|39ENDgAAQBAJ |plainurl=y}} }} * {{cite book |last=de Arrizabalaga y Prado |first=Leonardo |year=2010 |title=The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact Or Fiction? |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-89555-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tin5C1YnaAC&pg=PA1 }} * {{cite book |last=Goldsworthy |first=Adrian |author-link=Adrian Goldsworthy |year=2009 |title=How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |location=New Haven, Connecticut |isbn=978-0-300-15560-0 |url={{googlebooks|HOdcA1nqY7cC |plainurl=y}} }} * {{cite book |last=Grant |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Grant (classicist) |year=1996 |title=The Severans: The Changed Roman Empire |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames|isbn=978-0-415-12772-1}} * {{cite book |last=Halsberghe |first=Gaston H. |title=The Cult of Sol Invictus |year=1972 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden}} * {{cite book |last=Hay |first=J. Stuart |title=The Amazing Emperor Heliogabalus |location=London |publisher=MacMillan |year=1911 |url=http://members.aol.com/heliogabby/amazing/aeh1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202104958/http://members.aol.com/heliogabby/amazing/aeh1.htm |archive-date=2 February 2008 |page=124 |access-date=3 May 2008 }} [https://archive.org/stream/rsamazingemperor00hayjuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Additional copy]. Introduction by [[J. B. Bury]]. * {{cite book |last=Icks |year=2011 |first=Martijn |title=The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor |publisher=I.B. Tauris |place=London |isbn=978-1-84885-362-1 |url={{googlebooks|_g-MDwAAQBAJ |plainurl=y}} }} * {{cite book |last=Kienast |first=Dietmar |year=2017 |orig-year=1990 |title=Römische Kaisertabelle: Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie |chapter=Elgabal |publisher=[[Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft]] |location=Darmstadt, Germany |language=de |isbn=978-3-534-26724-8 |ref={{sfnref|Kienast|1990}} }} * Kienast, Dietmar. "Heliogabalus, a Monster on the Roman Throne: The Literary Construction of a 'Bad' Emperor," in Ineke Sluiter and Ralph M. Rosen (eds), ''Kakos: Badness and Anti-value in Classical Antiquity'' (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2008) (Mnemosyne: Supplements. History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity, 307. * Kienast, Dietmar. [http://www.sehepunkte.de/2010/10/18108.html "Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado: ''The Emperor Elagabalus''"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605074833/http://www.sehepunkte.de/2010/10/18108.html |date=5 June 2012 }}. * Kienast, Dietmar. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130309063816/http://www.couperusmuseum.org/varian/16_papers.html "The 'Vices and Follies' of Elagabalus in Modern Historical Research"], paper delivered at the Varian Symposium, Trinity College, Cambridge, 30–31 July 2005. * {{citation |last=Meckler |first=Michael L. |title=Elagabalus |work=[[De Imperatoribus Romanis]] |url=http://www.roman-emperors.org/elagabal.htm |access-date=21 November 2004 |archive-date=15 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515234707/http://www.roman-emperors.org/elagabal.htm |url-status=live }}, 26 August 1997. * {{cite book |last=Millar |first=Fergus |author-link=Fergus Millar |year=1993 |title=The Roman Near East, 31 B.C. – A.D. 337 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0-674-77885-6}} * {{cite book |last=Niebuh |first=B.G. |author-link=Barthold Georg Niebuhr |translator1=Julius Charles Hare |translator2=Connop Thirlwall |year=1844 |title=The History Of Rome |publisher=Taylor and Walter |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofrome001903mbp }} * {{cite book |first=Pat |last=Southern | author-link=Pat Southern |year=2003 |title=The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames|isbn=978-1-134-55380-8}} * {{cite book |last=Potter |first=David Stone |year=2004 |title=The Roman Empire at Bay: Ad 180–395 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames |isbn=978-0-415-10057-1 |url={{googlebooks|qDVXRO1CFXAC |plainurl=y}} }} * {{cite book |last=Rowan |first=Clare |year=2012 |title=Under Divine Auspices |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=978-1-107-02012-2}} * {{cite book |last=Scott |first=Andrew G. |year=2018 |title=Emperors and Usurpers: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio's Roman History |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford|isbn=978-01-90-87960-0}} * {{cite book |last1=Sidebottom |first1=Harry |title=The mad emperor : Heliogabalus and the decadence of Rome |date=2022 |location=London|isbn=978-0861542536}} * {{cite book |last=Sorek |first=Susan |year=2012 |title=Ancient Historians: A Student Handbook |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-4411-1135-7}} * {{cite book |last=Syme |first=Ronald |author-link=Ronald Syme |year=1971 |title=Emperors and biography: studies in the 'Historia Augusta' |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-814357-4}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130309063825/http://www.couperusmuseum.org/varian/index.html Varian Symposium] Acta and links for a conference held at Trinity College, Cambridge, 30–31 July 2005. * {{cite book |last=Varner |first=Eric R. |year=2004 |title=Monumenta Graeca et Romana: Mutilation and transformation: damnatio memoriae and Roman imperial portraiture |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |location=Leiden, Netherlands |isbn=978-90-04-13577-2 |url={{googlebooks|5IpPhTqnDJkC |plainurl=y}} }} * {{cite book |last=Zanghellini |first=Aleardo |year=2015 |title=The Sexual Constitution of Political Authority |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=Abingdon-on-Thames|isbn=978-1-134-06706-0}} ====Images==== * [http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/elagabalus/t.html Wildwinds coin archive: Elagabalus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517072528/http://wildwinds.com/coins/ric/elagabalus/t.html |date=17 May 2008 }}. Large archive of ancient Roman and provincial coins bearing the image of Elagabalus. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. * [http://www.coinarchives.com/a/results.php?results=100&search=Elagabalus Coinarchives coin archive: Elagabalus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182819/http://www.coinarchives.com/a/results.php?results=100&search=Elagabalus |date=27 September 2007 }}. Large archive of ancient Roman and provincial coins issued under Elagabalus, including coins of family members. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. {{refend}}
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