Editing Eastern philosophy (section)

====Chinese====
[[File:熊十力 1960s.jpg|thumb|right|[[Xiong Shili]] circa 1960]]

Modern Chinese thought is generally seen as being rooted in Classical Confucianism (''Jingxue''), Neo-Confucianism (''Lixue''), Buddhism, Daoism, and ''Xixue'' ("[[Western learning|Western Learning]]" which arose during the late [[Ming dynasty]]).<ref>"Modern Chinese Philosophy," by Yih-Hsien Yu, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, {{ISSN|2161-0002}}, <nowiki>http://www.iep.utm.edu/</nowiki>.</ref>

The [[Opium war|Opium war of 1839–42]] saw the beginning of Western and Japanese invasions and exploitation of China which was humiliating to Chinese thinkers. The late 19th and early 20th century saw Chinese thinkers such as [[Zhang Zhidong]] looking to Western practical knowledge as a way to preserve traditional Chinese culture, a doctrine that he defined as "Chinese Learning as Substance and Western Learning as Function" (''Zhongti Xiyong'').<ref>"Modern Chinese Philosophy," by Yih-Hsien Yu, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, {{ISSN|2161-0002}}, <nowiki>http://www.iep.utm.edu/</nowiki>.</ref>

The traditionalists meanwhile sought to revive and fortify traditional Chinese philosophical schools. Chinese Buddhist thought was promoted by thinkers like Yang Rensan and Ou-Yang Jingwu<ref>"Modern Chinese Philosophy," by Yih-Hsien Yu, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, {{ISSN|2161-0002}}, <nowiki>http://www.iep.utm.edu/</nowiki>.</ref> while another influential movement is [[New Confucianism]] (Chinese: 新儒家; [[pinyin]]: ''xīn rú jiā''). New Confucianism is a traditionalist revival of Confucian thought in China beginning in the 20th-century [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republican China]] which is also associated with [[New Conservatism (China)|New Conservatism]]. Key New Confucians of the first generation are [[Xiong Shili]] and [[Feng Youlan|Fung Youlan]].<ref>"Modern Chinese Philosophy," by Yih-Hsien Yu, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, {{ISSN|2161-0002}}, <nowiki>http://www.iep.utm.edu/</nowiki>.</ref> The second generation (1950–1979) include individuals like [[Tang Junyi]], [[Mou Zongsan]], and [[Xu Fuguan]], all three students of Xiong Shili. Together with [[Zhang Junmai]], the second generation published the [[A Manifesto for a Re-appraisal of Sinology and Reconstruction of Chinese Culture|New Confucian Manifesto]] in 1958.