Editing Dresden (section)

===Architecture===
Although Dresden is often said to be a [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] city, its architecture is influenced by more than one style. Other eras of importance are the [[Renaissance]] and [[Historicism (art)|Historicism]], as well as the contemporary styles of [[Modernism]] and [[Postmodernism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sidetracksgermany.wordpress.com/2013/05/04/dresden-architecture/|title=Dresden – Architecture|date=4 May 2013|website=Sidetracks Germany|language=en|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117190740/https://sidetracksgermany.wordpress.com/2013/05/04/dresden-architecture/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Dresden has some 13,000 listed cultural monuments and eight districts under general preservation orders.<ref>Dresden: [http://www.dresden.de/en/05/040_Monument_preservation.php Monument preservation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129204608/http://www.dresden.de/en/05/040_Monument_preservation.php|date=29 January 2008}}</ref>

====Royal household====
[[File:Dresden-Zwinger.courtyard.04.JPG|thumb|[[Zwinger Palace]]]]

The [[Dresden Castle]] was the seat of the [[Royal Household|royal household]] from 1485. The wings of the building have been renewed, built upon and restored many times. Due to this integration of styles, the castle is made up of elements of the [[Renaissance]], [[Baroque]] and [[Classicism|Classicist]] styles.<ref>Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden: [http://www.skd-dresden.de/en/gebaeude/residenzschloss/geschichte.html The History of the Royal Palace] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323094325/http://www.skd-dresden.de/en/gebaeude/residenzschloss/geschichte.html|date=23 March 2006}}</ref>

The [[Zwinger Palace]] is across the road from the castle. It was built on the old stronghold of the city and was converted to a centre for the royal art collections and a place to hold festivals. Its gate by the moat is surmounted by a golden crown.<ref>Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden: [http://www.skd-dresden.de/en/gebaeude/zwinger_mit_semperbau/geschichte.html History of the Zwinger and Semperbau] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927012157/http://www.skd-dresden.de/en/gebaeude/zwinger_mit_semperbau/geschichte.html|date=27 September 2007}}</ref>

Other royal buildings and ensembles:
* [[Brühl's Terrace]] was a gift to [[Heinrich, count von Brühl]], and became an ensemble of buildings above the river Elbe.
* [[Dresden Elbe Valley]] with the [[Pillnitz Castle]] and other castles

====Sacred buildings====
[[File:Canaletto - Dresden seen from the Right Bank of the Elbe, beneath the Augusts Bridge - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|[[Bernardo Bellotto]]'s Dresden included the [[Katholische Hofkirche|Hofkirche]] during construction.]]

The [[Katholische Hofkirche|Hofkirche]] was the church of the royal household. [[Augustus II the Strong|Augustus the Strong]], who desired to be [[List of Polish monarchs|King of Poland]], converted to Catholicism, as Polish kings had to be Catholic. At that time Dresden was strictly Protestant. Augustus the Strong ordered the building of the Hofkirche, the Roman Catholic Cathedral, to establish a sign of Roman Catholic religious importance in Dresden. The church is the cathedral "Sanctissimae Trinitatis" since 1980. The crypt of the [[Wettin (dynasty)|Wettin Dynasty]] is located within the church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bistum-dresden-meissen.de/32/40/43/index.php|title=Bistum Dresden-Meißen – katholische Kirche|language=de|website=bistum-dresden-meissen.de|access-date=20 September 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306221223/http://www.bistum-dresden-meissen.de/32/40/43/index.php|archive-date=6 March 2008}}</ref> King Augustus III of Poland is buried in the cathedral, as one of the very few Polish kings to be buried outside the [[Wawel Cathedral]] in [[Kraków]].

In contrast to the Hofkirche, the Lutheran [[Frauenkirche, Dresden|Frauenkirche]] located at the [[Neumarkt (Dresden)|Neumarkt]] was built almost contemporaneously by the citizens of Dresden. The city's historic Kreuzkirche was reconsecrated in 1388.<ref>Evangelisch-Lutherische Kreuzkirchgemeinde Dresden: [http://www.dresdner-kreuzkirche.de/index_e.html History of the Church of the Holy Cross] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080429044130/http://www.dresdner-kreuzkirche.de/index_e.html|date=29 April 2008}}</ref>

There are also other churches in Dresden, like the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] [[St. Simeon of the Wonderful Mountain Church]] in the Südvorstadt district.

====Historicism====
[[File:20070110100DR Dresden-Friedrichstadt Yenidze Weißeritzstr 3.jpg|thumb|[[Yenidze]]]]

[[Historicism (art)|Historicist]] buildings made their presence felt on the cityscape until the 1920s.

Notable examples of [[Renaissance Revival]] architecture in Dresden include the [[Albertinum]] located at Brühl's Terrace as well as the [[Saxon State Chancellery]] and the Saxon State Ministry of Finance located on the northern Elbe river banks. The [[Ehrlichsche Gestiftskirche]], constructed in 1907, was a historicist church building that was demolished in August 1951.<ref>{{cite book
  | last1        = Blaschke
  | first1       = K.
  | last2       = John
  | first2      = U.
  | last3       = Starke
  | first3      = H.
  | title       = Geschichte der Stadt Dresden
  | publisher   = Theiss
  | issue       = v. 3
  | year        = 2006
  | isbn        = 978-3-8062-1928-9
  | url         = https://books.google.com/books?id=S_PiAAAAMAAJ
  | language    = de
  | access-date = 21 June 2018
| page        = 626
}}</ref>

The [[Villa Rosa (Dresden)|Villa Rosa]] was built in 1839 and was considered one of the most important villa buildings in Dresden, due to its [[Renaissance Revival architecture]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Helas|first=Volker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DsDQBgAAQBAJ|title=Architektur in Dresden 1800 – 1900|date=1 December 2013|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=978-3-322-84117-9|pages=27–29|language=de}}</ref>

[[Yenidze]] is a former cigarette factory building built in the style of a mosque between 1907 and 1909.

The most recent historicist buildings in Dresden date from the short era of [[Stalinist architecture]] in the 1950s, e.g. at the Altmarkt.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/berlin-dresden-leipzig-stalin-architektur-in-der-ddr-a-1221495.html |title=Moskaus kleine Schwestern: Stalins Städte in der DDR |website=DER SPIEGEL |language=de |date=31 August 2018 |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=30 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730031050/https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/berlin-dresden-leipzig-stalin-architektur-in-der-ddr-a-1221495.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:20121011070DR Dresden Altmarkt Haus Altmarkt + Wasserspiele.jpg|thumb|Stalinist architecture at the Altmarkt]]

====Modernism====
The ''Garden City of [[Hellerau]]'', at that time a suburb of Dresden, was founded in 1909. It was Germany's first [[garden city movement|garden city]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/hellerau |title=Hellerau |website=Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604013034/https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/hellerau |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1911, [[Heinrich Tessenow]] built the [[Festspielhaus Hellerau|Hellerau Festspielhaus]] (festival theatre). Until the outbreak of World War I, Hellerau was a centre for European [[modernism]] with international standing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hellerau.org/en/history/ |title=History |website=hellerau.org |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604013033/https://www.hellerau.org/en/history/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wmf.org/project/festspielhaus-hellerau |title=Festspielhaus Hellerau |website=World Monuments Fund |access-date=4 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604013041/https://www.wmf.org/project/festspielhaus-hellerau |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1950, Hellerau was incorporated into the city of Dresden. Today, the Hellerau reform architecture is recognized as exemplary. In the 1990s, the garden city of Hellerau became a [[conservation area]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Entwurf zur Moderne : Hellerau: Stand Ort Bestimmung ; [Dokumentation der Fachtagung in Hellerau 1995]|date=1996|publisher=Dt. Verl.-Anst|others=Durth, Werner., Bracher, Erich., Wüstenrot-Stiftung.|isbn=3-421-03217-3|location=Stuttgart|oclc=312519193}}</ref>

The [[German Hygiene Museum]] (built 1928–1930) is a signal example of [[modern architecture]] in Dresden in the interwar period. The building is designed in an impressively monumental style, but employs plain façades and simple structures.

Important modernist buildings erected between 1945 and 1990 are the Centrum-Warenhaus (a large [[department store]]), representing the [[international Style (architecture)|international Style]], and the multi-purpose hall [[Kulturpalast (Dresden)|Kulturpalast]].

====Contemporary architecture====
[[File:Dresden-Kristallpalast-nigh.jpg|thumb|The locally controversial UFA-Palast]]

After 1990 and German reunification, new styles emerged. Important contemporary buildings include the [[New Synagogue, Dresden|New Synagogue]], a [[postmodern architecture|postmodern]] building with few windows, the [[Transparent Factory]], the Saxon State Parliament and the New Terrace, the UFA-Kristallpalast cinema by [[Coop Himmelb(l)au]] (one of the biggest buildings of [[Deconstructivism]] in Germany), and the [[Saxon State Library]].

[[Daniel Libeskind]] and [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]] both modified existing buildings. Foster roofed the main railway station with translucent Teflon-coated synthetics. Libeskind changed the whole structure of the [[Bundeswehr Military History Museum]] by placing a wedge through the historical arsenal building. According to Libeskind's studio, "[t]he façade's openness and transparency is intended to contrast with the opacity and rigidity of the existing building."<ref>{{cite web|last=Libeskind|first=Daniel|title=Military History Museum: Dresden, Germany|url=http://daniel-libeskind.com/projects/military-history-museum|work=Studio Daniel Libeskind|date=12 March 2014 |access-date=4 June 2020|archive-date=1 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201231527/http://daniel-libeskind.com/projects/military-history-museum|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Bridges====
Important bridges crossing the Elbe river are the [[Blaues Wunder]] bridge and the [[Augustus Bridge]].

====Statues====
[[Jean-Joseph Vinache]]'s golden [[equestrian statue]] of August the Strong, the ''Goldener Reiter'' (Golden Cavalier), is on the Neustädter Markt square. It shows August at the beginning of the Hauptstraße (Main street) on his way to Warsaw, where he was King of Poland in personal union. Another statue is the memorial of [[Martin Luther]] in front of the Frauenkirche.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attraction_Review-g187399-d9984802-Reviews-Martin_Luther_Monument-Dresden_Saxony.html|title=Martin Luther Monument (Dresden) – 2019 All You Need to Know Before You Go (with Photos) – Dresden, Germany|website=TripAdvisor|language=en-GB|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-date=30 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130161903/https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attraction_Review-g187399-d9984802-Reviews-Martin_Luther_Monument-Dresden_Saxony.html|url-status=live}}</ref>